[pt] A presente tese está inserida no campo dos estudos da cidade, que dialoga, necessariamente, com temas fronteiriços das ciências sociais, história, antropologia e sociologia urbana, da geografia cultural e do urbanismo. Sua perspectiva é a da longa duração, em chave macroestrutural, e busca aproximações entre a produção acadêmica e as políticas públicas urbanas. O tema aqui pesquisado é a Avenida Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro, as disputas envolvendo seu processo de construção ainda na primeira metade do século XX, o sentido da expansão da cidade para o subúrbio, a aposta no fluxo citadino via transporte rodoviário, a execução de políticas públicas para a produção de moradias das camadas populares em seu entorno, sua ocupação territorial e caracterização como símbolo de uma cidade injusta em que impera a desigualdade social. Analisar a Avenida Brasil é também olhar para o subúrbio, objeto periférico dos estudos sobre a cidade. A ocupação desta faixa da cidade por indústrias e moradias populares, logo resultaram em expansão das favelas na cidade, assim como a necessidade pela luta e publicização da demanda de seus moradores por melhores condições de vida. / [en] The present thesis is inserted in the field of cities studies, which necessarily dialogues with frontier themes of social sciences, history, anthropology and urban sociology, cultural geography and urbanism. Its perspective is the long duration, in a macro-structural framework, and seeks to approximate academic production and urban public policies. The theme studied here is the Avenida Brasil, in Rio de Janeiro, the disputes involving its construction process in the first half of the twentieth century, the sense of expansion of the city to the suburb, the believes on the city flow through road transport, execution of public policies for the production of social housing for the popular strata in their surroundings, their territorial occupation and characterization as a symbol of an unjust city in which social inequality reigns. Analyzing the Avenida Brasil is also looking at the suburb, a peripheral object of cities studies. The occupation of this strip of the city by industries and popular housing soon resulted in the expansion of favelas in the city, as well as the need to fight and publicize the demand of its residents for better living conditions.

[pt] Esta pesquisa se aplica à alimentação no dia de descanso ao se matar a galinha criada no terreiro da casa, preparada e servida no almoço em família quando Todo Domingo Era dia de Galinha. Uma narrativa concebida a uma forma de sociabilidade, adotada na compreensão da necessidade de um padrão, um hábito alimentar de um grupo de homens e mulheres negros, contexto de subalternidade diante da urbanização, localizados nos subúrbios, lançados à luz dos menos visíveis, na reordenação da cidade. O estudo no uso da metodologia explora o modelo etnográfico. Na passagem do tempo, a galinha viva passou a ser comprada no centro das práticas sociais, no Mercadão de Madureira, onde tudo alimenta e salva o valor no consumo das mercadorias. O que se busca é problematizar esse sujeito marcado na função da ausência, engessado na negação de uma produção do pensamento. Em Spivak, o sujeito impossibilitado da fala, concebido como passivo na prática discursiva presente nas representações sociais e políticas. / [en] This research applies the power to the rest day by killing the goose created the yard of the house, prepared and served at family lunch when All day Sunday was chicken. A narrative designed a form of sociability , adopted in understanding the need for a standard , an eating habit of a group of black men and women , the context of subordination before urbanization , located in the suburbs , launched in light of the less visible , the reordering city . The study explores the use of ethnographic methodology model. The passage of time, the live chicken came to be purchased at the center of social practices in Mercadão Madureira, where everything feeds and saves the value in the consumption of goods. What is sought is to question this guy scored in terms of the absence, plastered in a denial of production of thought. In Speak, the subject prevented speech, designed as a liability in this discursive practice in social and political representations.

[pt] A dispersão da mancha urbana das cidades provoca alto custo para toda a população, com a necessidade de investimentos em saneamento, transportes e equipamentos urbanos, além do problema da poluição e desmatamento causados por essa expansão. Em casos como o da cidade do Rio de janeiro, a mancha urbana ocupa praticamente todo o território municipal e se desenvolve em áreas ainda desprovidas de infraestrutura que suporte novos empreendimentos, enquanto outras, melhor estruturadas, ficam estigmatizadas por conceitos urbanos pejorativos e desprestigiadas pela sociedade - os seus chamados subúrbios, hoje conhecidos como Área de Planejamento 3. Formam-se, com isso, vazios urbanos em áreas próximas ao centro, que poderiam ser melhor aproveitados para termos um território mais compacto e poupador de recursos públicos. O atual Plano Diretor da cidade estabeleceu como zonas de incentivo áreas antes desprestigiadas, em quase toda a Zona Norte e parte da Zona Oeste, sendo um ponto de partida para reversão do atual quadro de crescimento desordenado e segregatório da cidade. / [en] Rio de Janeiro has had a fragmented model of expansion, where many new regions occupied not have transportation and sanitation infrastructure, and old areas, structured, tend to be disparaged and stigmatized as places of low social value. The effects on the city is catastrophic, affecting the routine of all the population and hindering the control of the territory by the government. While there were new areas to grow, the city took advantage of that. Many neighborhoods were born, evolved and died, while new spaces were created and encouraged. Came to Barra da Tijuca, the greatest example of how Rio de Janeiro has expanded to meet the desires of a particular group in search of a safe and elitist environment. Condos upper middle class were built and attracted people from all over the city and, in parallel, its sewage was dumped in the lagoons of the neighborhood. While a new Rio grew, much of the city was deteriorating, especially downtown and North Zone. In the central region, the idea of transferring downtown to Barra da Tijuca gained strength, with large companies moving into this new neighborhood. Modern buildings, wide open spaces and parking were the main differences between the two regions. In the residential aspect, concern for downtown was virtually nil. In the North Zone, with the increase of slums and violence, traditional neighborhoods were no longer the focus of the middle class carioca, with stagnating real estate investments over time and making the region passed by a process of forgetting his relevance within the context of the city, having his image associated with violence and crime. In areas called suburbian, the situation was even worse. The old industries have moved to other cities due to the daily violence of those neighborhoods, highlighting Benfica, Bonsucesso, Ramos and Penha, suffering a massive stagnation over the past decades. Associated with urban problems, prejudice was responsable for the not occupation of a large space in the city, well structured and located. But none of this was seen as a problem, but as a solution, because in Rio there were still many areas to grow and receive new residents, not being interesting recover and encourage the occupation of what had actually structure to receive new ventures. The thought of rejection of old areas and interest in new lasted nearly three decades and, as a consequence of this neglect, we have seen emerge an ancient and undervalued city and another one new and prosperous, resulting in a decentralized Rio and full of empty urban, increasingly dependent of transport, sanitation and opening new routes, generating costs for the entire population. Analyzing the urban area in Rio, in North Zone, we can see how there is a waste of urbanized areas, where there is a structured urban space, with transportation and sanitation system established, but underutilized and virtually without good projects being introduced. In certain parts of West Zone, investments are numerous, without a previous and efficient infrastructure that can receive all these investments. This is a contradiction. Currently known as Planning Area 3 (AP 3), a huge and discredited region in North Zone is in a strategic location, but is stigmatized by the media and society with pejorative concepts of class, who treats it like a suburb, but the application of that name ends up being contradictory, because, in Rio de Janeiro, this concept is associated with an etymology and not with a urban fact. There are in AP 3 urbanized neighborhoods and near downtown, but they are viewed negatively, often caused by so-called opinion leaders. AP 3 is the gateway of the city, with a strategic location to anywhere else in the city, state, country and abroad (the international airport is located there). It is the most populated area in the city and needs to be well treated, as a new investment option, regardless of titles assigned to it. With its proper use, we would have a less process of expansion toward the West Zone, giving to the Rio a efficient urban development, integrator and spending few public resources, resulting in a territory less dispersed and more egalitarian. The lack of investment in AP 3 has brought, besides the widespread abandonment, tragic consequences not only for the 38 per cent of the population carioca living there, but also for the entire city, which bears the overall expenditure of the municipality. Carioca population grew between 2000 and 2010 from 5,857,904 to 6,320,446 inhabitants, and the population density grew from 4880.37 to 5265.81 hab/square km. Analyzing the five planning areas, we observed a population growth across all APs in the nineties, but the representative of each one in the citys total population was redistributed. The AP 3, which concentrates most of the population of Rio, had a dicrease from 40.20 per cent to 37.96 per cent hab/square km, while the West Zone had a considerable increase in that number. The West Zone (Barra da Tijuca, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Jacarepaguá e Vargens) is the area that received the most investments and incentives to be occupied, with only 14.39 per cent of the population residing there. There is still no efficient system of sewerage, transport, sidewalks and street paving. Nevertheless, we can see that area envolving more and more, causing a collapse not only within the limits of the West Zone, but also affecting the traffic throughout the city. In contrast, AP 3, with nearly 38 per cent of the municipal population, has been losing its representativity, due to the lack of policies to encourage the attraction of new residents and provide better services to the current. A city like Rio de Janeiro, where there is still no efficient mass transport, should be more compact and its residents served by quality services in short rays, eliminating the dependence on shifts that require the use of own vehicles. The consequences of urban sprawl is what we see nowadays, like the constant traffic jams, due to the dependence of vehicles from those who live in areas furthest from downtown, the high cost of deployment transportation system to meet these new areas, need for sanitation base infrastructure, paving and lighting. The big question is, if there is a region still largely in its horizontal and already endowed with infrastructure, as the AP 3, investments in development and attracting new residents would be a way to save public money and take advantage from the current urban area of the city, contributing to a truly sustainable development. Rio de Janeiro does not have more growth cluttered spaces and building in prime areas are increasingly rare. Seeing the AP 3 as a growth vector of Rio is an economical way to have an efficient and inclusive urban development. This need has been ratified by legislation through the Complementary Law 111/11, which determined the incentive of that area and some adjacent. AP 3, because of its size and diversity, demands varied solutions, but the common denominator is the need to stimulate the formal residential occupation, urbanization, retrenchment in slums, the recovery of peripheral areas to them, that has been assuming characteristics of informality, and improving the infrastructure and quality of the transport system. There are many obsolete and underutilized areas that will enable a transformation in the way of inhabiting the city. If there is a global awareness of the urban territory, either in Rio de Janeiro or any other city in the world, the concept of sustainable growth is meaningless, with neighborhoods rising, developing and dying, wasting past spending and future spending provoking. Cities can not continue with thoughts segregatórios class and should be properly used and maintained, valuing its past and controlling the growth process on expensive areas untouched, becoming an integrated environment and easy to be used and administered. Despite this negative picture, a more attentive enough to discover the enormous economic potential of the AP 3. The housing market in certain spots is heated and there are high expectations of its expansion with new public and private investments that are occurring. Life in neighborhoods still retains an aspect of good neighborliness, preserving a quality of life now lost in the more developed districts of the city. We can already notice a special attention to the region, with new public and private investment, with little prospect of improvement in visibility and consolidation of growth vector proposed by the current master plan.

[pt] Essa dissertação investiga o processo de urbanização ocorrido no Engenho de Dentro entre 1870 e 1906. Ao longo desse período, cujo início marca a implantação do sistema ferroviário de trens dos subúrbios, esta localidade, até então marcadamente rural, foi incorporada à malha urbana da cidade como parte da região suburbana que se afirmava. Para parte da historiografia tal processo seria um fruto direto das obras de intervenção e remodelação da região central da cidade ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro dos primeiros anos do século XX, em perspectiva que enfatiza o papel do Estado na definição das distinções e hierarquizações espaciais que marcam o mundo urbano carioca. Problematizando tais análises, o objetivo desse trabalho é compreender como os próprios moradores do local, em sua diversidade, foram parte ativa do processo de transformação e consolidação daquele território, do qual se apropriaram de formas variadas. / [en] This dissertation investigates the process of urbanization that took place in Engenho de Dentro between 1870 and 1906. During this period, which beginning marks the implantation of the railway system of suburban trains, this locality, so far markedly rural, was incorporated into the urban network of the city as part of the suburban region that was claimed. For part of the historiography, such a process would be a direct result of the intervention and remodeling works of the central region of the city occurred in Rio de Janeiro in the early years of the twentieth century, in a perspective that emphasizes the role of the State in the definition of the distinctions and spatial hierarchies that mark the urban world of Rio. Problematizing such analyses, the objective of this work is to understand how the inhabitants of the place, in their diversity, were an active part of the transformation process and consolidation of that territory, from which they appropriated in several forms.

[pt] A história da leitura se relaciona diretamente à história do suporte. Com o surgimento de publicações eletrônicas dispostas nos mais diversos suportes – como tablets, smartphones, computadores –, estes novos formatos passaram a conviver com os impressos. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi reavaliar os contextos de leitura, a partir da relação entre leitor e suporte, tendo em foco publicações híbridas, criadas tanto no meio impresso quanto no digital. Para isto, investigou-se a atividade de leitores específica do subúrbio carioca, a partir de uma manifestação cultural particular da cidade: os Bate-bolas (ou Clóvis). Para abordar este campo de leituras contemporâneas e vários formatos de publicações, explorou-se as singularidades da experiência de leitura do leitor do subúrbio carioca e sua aproximação com o acesso às publicações híbridas. As etapas de pesquisa de campo incluíram questionários presenciais e entrevistas realizadas com estes jovens leitores e, a partir da observação de seus hábitos de leitura, foi elaborada uma pesquisa-intervenção. A proposta da criação de uma publicação híbrida surge a partir das necessidades dos leitores Bate-bolas, urgências estas apontadas pelos próprios durante a pesquisa. O resultado da análise da interação dos Bate-bolas com a publicação híbrida proposta tem como resultado final comprovação da hipótese e elaboração da conclusão da pesquisa. / [en] The history of reading is directly related to that of medium support. The birth of electronic publishing on the most diverse gadgets — tablets, smartphones, personal computers, — provided the coexistence of these new formats with printed ones. This research s goal was to reassess the reading context from the relation between reader and medium support, focusing on hybrid publications, created both in printed and digital formats. To accomplish that, reading activity from Rio de Janeiro s suburb was investigated from the aspect of a cultural manifestation particular to the city: the Bate-bolas (or Clóvis). To approach this area of contemporary reading and several publishing formats, the peculiar experience from Rio suburb s reader was studied as well as their ease of access to hybrid publications. Field research s steps included face-to-face questionnaires and interviews with these young readers and, from the observation of their reading habits, an intervention research was elaborated. Proposing the creation of a hybrid publication comes from the necessities of Bate-bolas readers, whose urgencies were pointed by themselves during the research. The outcome from analyzing this interaction between Bate-bolas and the proposed hybrid publication further proves the hypothesis, and results in the conclusion of the research.

[pt] A cidade que não é – Leituras do subúrbio carioca analisa o conceito carioca de subúrbio para tentar compreender de que forma o processo de ressignificação desse espaço impactou o imaginário existente sobre ele. Produto do crescimento das cidades e um dos elementos definidores da modernização das mesmas, o subúrbio é um território singular na constituição das metrópoles. Compreender as definições que ele ganhou nos discursos culturais é essencial para entender a cidade moderna. Na tentativa de contribuir para a análise teórica sobre o tema, este projeto parte da fundamentação geográfica, sociológica e histórica sobre as questões urbanas e da leitura de representações culturais desse espaço para conceituar e historicizar o subúrbio e analisar as superposições entre urbanismo, arquitetura, imaginário e experiência urbana nas narrativas do início do século XX aos primeiros anos do século XXI no Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The city that is not – Reading the suburb of Rio de Janeiro analyses the specificities of the concept suburb in the city of Rio de Janeiro to try to comprehend how its process of resignification impacted cultural discourses existent about it. Result of the cities growth and one of the defining elements of its modernization, the suburb is a singular space in the constitution of the metropolis. Understanding the definitions this territory gained in cultural discourses is essential to comprehend the modern city. In an attempt to contribute to the theoretical analysis of this theme, this dissertation departs from an historical, sociological and geographical bibliography to read cultural representations of the suburb during the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Rio de Janeiro, aiming to conceptualize and historicize the concept suburb and analyze the relations between urbanism, architecture, imagery and urban experience in the narratives concerning this space.

[pt] Esta dissertação pretende fazer uma reflexão sobre o período de construção e os anos iniciais de atuação do Mercado São Sebastião, compreendendo as transformações urbanísticas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Esse mercado é uma obra da Cruzada São Sebastião, instituição vinculada a Igreja Católica, fundada por Dom Helder Camara com o objetivo de urbanizar as favelas cariocas e proporcionar melhores condições de moradia aos seus moradores. A venda dos lotes e espaços do mercado São Sebastião seriam utilizados para financiar os projetos urbanísticos da cidade. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com base teórica sobre o processo de urbanização da cidade nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. A pesquisa tem suporte documental sobre o acervo Maria Luiza e Edgar Amarante, doado ao Núcleo de Memória da PUC-Rio e que contém centenas de documentos sobre os projetos da Cruzada São Sebastião. Na elaboração da dissertação foi utilizado também a hemeroteca da Biblioteca Nacional com pesquisas de jornais da época. Por fim, o estudo buscou resgatar os motivos pelos quais o Mercado deixou de ser uma grande influência como centro de abastecimento da cidade e foi paulatinamente abandonado por parte de seus administradores e dos poderes público. / [en] This dissertation aims to reflect on the construction period and the initial y ears of operation of the Mercado São Sebastião, urbans transformations in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This market is a work of the Cruzada São Sebastião, an institution linked to the Catholic Church, founded by Dom Helde Câmara with the objecto of urbanizing rio s favelas and providing better housing conditions for its residents. The sale of lots and spaces of the Mercado São Sebastião would be used to finance the city s urban projects. This is a qualitative study, based on the theoretical process of utbanization of the city in the 1950s and 1960s. The research has documentary support on the collection Maria Luiza and Edgar Amarante given to the Momory Center of PUC-Rio, which contains hundreds of documents on the projects of the Cruzada São Sebastião. The dissemite used the hemeroteca of the National Library with the research of newspap ers of the time. Finally, the project seeks to rescue the reasons why the market is no long era major influence as a supply center of the city and was abandoned by its administrators and the public authorities.