In der Magisterarbeit werden die Einstellungen der Spezialisten, die in den vorläufigen Kinderheimen tätig sind, zu dem realen und zu dem zu bestrebten Modell der sozialen Arbeit mit der Familie des sozialen Risikos untersucht. Forschungsobjekt. Einstellungen der in den vorläufigen Kinderheimen arbeitenden Fachleute zum Modell der realen und der zu bestrebten Sozialarbeit mit der Familie des sozialen Risikos. Forschungshypothese. Es ist möglich, dass nicht alle Strukturkomponente des Modells der zu bestrebten Sozialarbeit mit der Familie des sozialen Risikos in der realen Sozialarbeit verwirklicht werden.

Šeima yra svarbiausia žmogui pirminė socialinė grupė.Šeima tai vaiko ir visuomenės tarpininkas ir pagrindinė socializacijos institucija, kurioje formuojamos elgesio normos ir vertybės, būtinos gyvenimui visuomenėje.Todėl labai svarbu,kad ji būtų tvirta ir dora. / For the human the family is the basic primory social grup.The family is an intercessor for child and society and the main institution of socialisation wherein the proprieties and values that are essential for living in the society are formed.Conseguently it is very important that the family would be definite and hnest.

Šeima – maža grupė, kurioje natūraliai yra patenkinami svarbiausi žmogaus asmeniniai poreikiai. Čia jis įgyja būtiniausius socialinius įgūdžius, įsisavina pagrindinius elgesio stereotipus ir kultūros normas, realizuoja savo emocijas, gauna psichologinį palaikymą ir saugumą, išvengia stresų ir apkrovimų, atsirandančių kontaktuojant su aplinkiniu pasauliu. Visų šių poreikių patenkinimas sudaro psichologinių ir socialinių – kultūrinių šeimos funkcijų esmę (Buddy, Games Alcoholic Families Play, 2003). Piktnaudžiavimas alkoholiu yra gana dažna šeimų iširimo, porų išsiskyrimo priežastis. Ne kiekvienas žmogus sugeba rasti savyje jėgų ne tik nepalūžti, kai artimas asmuo girtauja, bet dar ir elgtis taip, kad alkoholiu piktnaudžiaujantis partneris suvoktų sveikatai ir aplinkiniams kenksmingo elgesio pasekmes bei pradėtų alkoholį vartoti saikingai, o gal net ir visai nustotų gerti. Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti sutuoktinių pasitenkinimo santuoka ir alkoholio vartojimo sąsajos. Tyrimo metodas ir tiriamieji: Atlikta anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Tyrimui panaudotas ,,Pasitenkinimo santuoka testas“ – kurį parengė V. V. Stolinas, T. L. Romanova ir G. P. Butenko, yra skirta pasitenkinimo – nepasitenkinimo santuoka įvertinimui. Alkoholio vartojimo įvertinimui taikyta anketinė apklausa, kurioje panaudoti keli klausimai iš klausimyno (A. Goštautas, 1999) apie alkoholio vartojimo ypatybes, informacija apie suaugusiųjų pasirengimą alkoholinių gėrimų vartojimo pokyčiams, buvo renkama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Family - small group, where naturally people personal needs are satisfied. In the family person acquires the most important social skills, basic behaviour stereotypes and cultural standards, realizes one's emotions, gets psychological support and safety, avoids stress and burden, usually appears interacting with surrounding world. Satisfaction of all these needs forms psychological and social - cultural family functions essence. (Buddy, Games Alcoholic Families Play, 2003). Overusing alcohol is quite often reason of broken families. Not everybody are able to find strenght in themselves not only not to break down when close person is drinking, but also to behave in the way that excessively drinking partner would realize the consequences of behaviour to health and close people, and would start to take alcohol in moderation, or even stop drinking. The aim of this research is to examine the connection between satisfaction with marital life and alcohol consumption. Methods. An anonymous questionnaire of adults was carried out. Alcohol consumption is measured with the Questionnaire for alcohol consumption (Goštautas A., 1999; Fleming, Murray, 1999). Marital quality – with the Marital Satisfaction scale (Stolin V. V., Romanova T. L. & Butenko G. P.). Microsoft Excel, SPSS 11,0 computer programs for Windows have been used to analyse the research data. Statistically reliable results are those, when p<0,05, P=95 percent. 95 couples from Kaunas took part in the research. Results... [to full text]

The relationships between undergruond school children and their parents appears to be the presumsion for developing the humanism in the family. Master work coodinator: Dr. Kristina Stankevičienė. Pedagogical Uiversity of Vilnius. Social pedagogical departamental. Vilnius.2005 p.89 The main aim of investigation was to examine the relationships between underground school children and their parents, to discover how the humanism in the family is developed. Methods used during investigation: collection of L type diagnostic data (standard interview with children); collection of Q type diagnostic data (questionnaires given for parents and teachers). 60 children, 60 parents and 15 teachers from various underground schools participated in the investigation. According to the selected data and other resources it may be concluded that this work reveals the information concerning the underground school period children behavior in the family and how it may reflect their humanity in the future. If parents are sensitive extravert and try to create appropriate atmosphere than their children becomes human as well. Eventually the investigation showed that in such families as motioned before creates the perfect beginning for their children in the future life. To bring matter to the conclusion it may be said that parents have great influence for their children in the future especially in the period of underground school.

In this Master work I analysed the plaice of ethics in the family. The identity of a person was overlooked. The family as a worthfull unit is not under evaluation, but the position of the society must be considered, as the eternal values do not loose their worth. In Lithuania the common standards of family are accepted, though the possible problems and threats are not omitted. In this work ethical aspects among the people and their relations were analysed and it was discussed how they affect new appearing forms of family relations. The evaluation of family influence and positive circumstances were discussed, that encourage a person to seek perfection while living in the family. The situation in Lithuania was analysed, as the problems of poverty and disrespect to the older people influence the family union and the marriage itself. A research was carried out among the graduates of various schools in order to find out what the values of the young people were and what their position towards the marriage and family was. It was important to note that according to the results, our young people respect the traditional values, but they are becoming unconcerned about the traditional family. They put accent to the personal freedom and reject the formal marriage In the work recommendations how to create a family and improve the situation of it were given in order to help a person to be happy loved and free living in a family.

Kiekvienoje visuomenėje egzistavo ir egzistuoja šeima. Dabartinė visuomenė nėra šeiminė, o ir pačios šeimos narių tarpusavio ryšiai nėra taip griežtai apibrėžti. Tačiau šeimoje vyksta svarbiausi asmeninio, privataus gyvenimo įvykiai, žmogų jungiantys su socialine grupe, visuomene. Šeimą galima apibūdinti kaip santuoką arba kraujo ryšiais grįstą mažąją grupę, kurios narius sieja bendra buitis, bendra moralinė atsakomybė ir tarpusavio pagalba. / The family has existed in each society. However, society today is not family-oriented and the relationships within the family members are not strictly defined. Yet it is in the family that the key events of one’s private life take place that bind an individual to a social group and the society. The family may be described as a marriage or a small unit based on blood relationship. The members of the family are related through common daily routine, moral responsibility and reciprocal assistance.

Svarbiausiomis šeimos vertybėmis studentai nurodo tarpusavio supratimą ir meilę. Idealios šeimos modeliu laiko tokią šeimą, kurioje išpildomos visos funkcijos, vertina lygiaverčius santykius tarp sutuoktinių, pripažįsta tradicinį pasiskirstymą veiklos rūšimis šeimoje. Pasirengimą santuokai lemia ne tik prigimtis, dvasinė branda, bet ir pačio žmogaus nuostata į santuoką ir šeimos kūrimą. Respondentų nuostata į tėvų šeimos patirties įtaką kuriant savąją šeimą tyrimo hipotezės nepatvirtino, nes jaunimas nenorėtų sekti savo tėvų gyvenimo pavyzdžiu ir savo šeimą kurtų pagal savąjį modelį. Šeimos kūrimo motyvai išliko tie patys: meilė pagrindinis santuokos sudarymo motyvas. Pragmatiški santuokos sudarymo motyvai nedominavo. / Mutual understanding and love are indicated by the students as the main family values. The model of an ideal family is considered to be such a family that fulfills all the functions, where equal relations between spouses are valued, where traditional distribution by types of activity in the family is recognized. Readiness for marriage is determined not only by nature, spiritual maturity but also by attitude of the person himself/herself towards marriage and conclusion of family. The attitude of the respondents towards the influence of the parents` experience on creation of their own family has not confirmed the hypothesis of the investigation as the young people wouldn’t like to follow the example of their parent’s life and would create their own family according to their own model. The motives for creation of a family have remained the same: love is the main motive for conclusion of marriage. Pragmatic motives for conclusion of marriage have not dominated.

Meilė – viena dažniausių temų tiek literatūroje, mene, tiek mūsų gyvenime. Ją apibūdiname kaip gyvenimo pilnatvę, pagrindinį tikslą.Visų pirma, meilė yra šeimos pagrindas. Juk tvirta šeima negali egzistuoti be pagarbos vienas kitam, supratimo, palaikymo. Mūsų laikais ypač menkinamos santuokos vertybės. Tai paveikia ir tikinčiuosius. Net krikščionių šeimos jaučia netiesioginį spaudimą. Neišvengiamai susiduriama su masinės informacijos priemonių skelbiama informacija, kuri sukelia abejones Bažnyčios skelbiamomis tiesomis. Todėl aktualu kalbėtis apie santuoką, joje bręstančią krikščionišką meilę, kaip ji skleidžiasi ir kiek ji veiksminga sprendžiant krizes šeimoje. Būtent krikščioniška meilė padeda geriau suvokti savo pašaukimą šeimai ir jo vykdymą. Gyvenimas krikščioniškoje santuokoje yra daug daugiau, nei tam tikrų įsipareigojimų vykdymas. Tai yra asmenu nuoširdi tarpusavio bendrystė Savo darbo pirmoje dalyje yra aptartos meilės rūšys, kaip jos pinasi viena su kita, taip pat Katalikų Bažnyčios mokymas apie krikščionišką meilę, Antroje darbo dalyje bus aptarta krizių bei konfliktų samprata, jų atsiradimo priežastys. Pagal Katalikų Bažnyčios mokymą nagrinėjama krikščioniška meilė, kuri nurodoma kaip prevencija spręsti krizes bei konfliktus iškylančius šeimoje. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje bus aptarta meilės rūšių ir krikščioniškos meilės svarba ugdymo procese. Ketvirtojoje darbo dalyje bus aprašomas tyrimas: „Krikščioniškos meilės įtaka šeimoms... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Love is one of the biggest topics in the literature, art and in our life as well. It is described as the fullness of the life, the main goal. First of all, love is the basis of a family. A strong family can not exist without respect to each other, understanding and supporting. In our times it is belittled the values of a marriage. It influences believers too. Even Christians’ families feel indirect pressure. It is inevitably confronted with the information in the Media, which causes doubts about the truths of the Church. It is urgent to talk about a marriage, ripening Christian love in it, the way how this love spreads and the effectiveness of this love solving crises in a family. Christian love especially helps to perceive better the calling for a family and its fulfillment. Life in a Christian marriage is much more than fulfillment of some engagements. It is sincere community among persons. In the first part of my work there is discussed kinds of love, how they interlace with each other and also the teaching of the Catholic Church about Christian love. In the second part there will be discussed the conception of crises and conflicts and also the causes of their beginning. According to the teaching of the Catholic Church it is looked into Christian love which is indicated as the prevention to solve crises and conflicts in a family. In the third part there will be discussed kinds of love and the importance of Christian love in the process of upbringing. ... [to full text]

The article discusses the concept of families, who get income support, and child’s, growing in such a family, learning motivation. People are considered to be in poverty if they lack sufficient material, cultural and social resources to ensure the minimum standard of living that has been formed in their country. Family microclimate makes very large influence on the growing up children. Cordiality in relationship among family members, psychological and pedagogical harmony creates favorable conditions for personality development. The disorder and dissonance in family microclimate becomes especially serious reason in development of negative personality of the child. The negative development manifests itself in the character peculiarities, behavior and learning motivation. The analysis of family status enables us to make a statement that the family is one of the factors, which influences child’s learning motivation. The poor families usually are distinguished in conflicts mostly arising because of shortage of money. The object of the article: children’s, who are not attending school, rarely attending school and having low learning motivation, and living in family, who gets public assistance, attitude towards learning. The problem: influence of the family, who gets income support, to child’s learning motivation The article objective: discusses the concept of families, who get public assistance, and child’s, growing in such a family, learning motivation.

Problema: Didžioji vaikų dalis, netekusių tėvų globos pirmiausia patenka ne į šeimynas, o į vaikų globos namus, kurie besąlygiškai laikomi veiksminga vaikų globos forma, nors vaikų globa organizuojama, atsižvelgiant į vaiko poreikius. Aktualumas:  Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje visiems yra suprantama, kad vaikais reikia pasirūpinti pirmiausia, tačiau dauguma jų vis dar lieka labiausiai skriaudžiami ir pažeidžiami;  Daugėja vaikų, netekusių tėvų globos;  Vaikų globos įstaigos pilnos vaikų, todėl negali suteikti šiems vaikams tinkamos priežiūros bei pagalbos. Hipotezė: Globa šeimoje ir šeimynoje geriausiai atitinka vaiko poreikius ir labiausiai padeda vaikui socializuotis visuomenėje bei aktyviai dalyvauti greitai besikeičiančiuose kaitos procesuose. Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti vaiko globos šeimoje ir šeimynoje organizavimo privalumus, lyginant su vaikų globos namais. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti vaiko globos organizavimo raidą, skiriant ypatingą dėmesį vaikų globai šeimoje ir šeimynoje; 2. Aptarti Lietuvos Respublikos pagrindinius įstatymus, reglamentuojančius vaiko globos organizavimą; 3. Išanalizuoti respondentų nuomonę apie mūsų šalyje vykdomą vaiko globos organizavimą, taip pat sužinoti respondentų šeimyninio globos modelio vertinimą. Metodai:  Mokslinių darbų ir teisės aktų analizė;  Apklausa. Tyrimo objektas – šeimyninis globos modelis. 1. Vaiko globos organizavimas yra dinaminis procesas, kuris kiekvienais metais kinta, o tai skatina tobulinti vaiko globos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Problem At present child care is organized according to their needs. However, a large majority of orphaned children are not placed in families, but in children’s homes. Importance It is universally established that children are still most vulnerable and wronged individuals. The number of children abandoned by parents is increasing. Institutions for children’s are too crowded to provide proper aid. Hypothesis Child care in the family and foster homes best meet children’s needs and teach them socialization skills. Aim Estimate the advantages of organizing child care in the family and foster families and compare them with children’s homes. Tasks: 1. To analyze the development of organizing child care with an emphasis on children’s care in the family and foster family. 2. To overview the laws of the Republic of Lithuania regulating organization of child care. 3. To analyze the respondents’ opinion of the organization of child care and to find out their evaluation of the foster family model. Methods • Analysis of scientific works and analysis of legal acts. • Interview. Object of investigation- foster family model. Conclusions: *Organizing child care is a dynamic process whose changes in the course of time contribute to its perfection; *The fundamental aim of child care is to secure his/her education and care in the environment beneficial to the promotion of his/her welfare and which would be similar to that of a natural family; *The shortage of guardians and their inadequate... [to full text]