Mokyklų vadovų nuostatos į demokratines vertybes Temos aktualumas ir problema. Vienas iš pagrindinių šiuolaikinio švietimo uždavinių – mokyklos demokratizacija. Švietimo įstaigų vadovai yra svarbūs demokratinių procesų skatintojai mokyklose, o jų nuostatos į demokratines vertybes turi lemiamos įtakos tų vertybių įsisavinimui visai mokyklos bendruomenei. Remiantis empirinio tyrimo duomenimis, galima konstatuoti, kad vadovai stokoja teorinių žinių apie demokratiją, retai lankosi seminaruose, kuriuose gvildenamos demokratijos problemos, patys taip pat mažai kalba apie demokratines vertybes ir būtinybę jomis vadovautis kasdieniame gyvenime. Retas vadovas turi pilną demokratiškai veikiančios mokyklos viziją. Išryškėjo nedideli skirtumai tarp amžiaus grupių ir vietovės. Vyriausieji (51 – 60 m.) vadovai aktyviau siekia panaikinti teorines spragas. Rajono mokyklų vadovai labiau propaguoja tarpinstitucinį bendradarbiavimą, o miesto mokyklų vadovai orientuojasi į mokyklos vidaus gyvenimą. Mokyklų vadovų nuostatos į demokratines vertybes yra teigiamos, nes dauguma jų pažįsta demokratines vertybes, bendradarbiauja su išorės institucijomis, mokyklose realiai veikia savivalda, pedagogai turi pakankamai laisvės saviraiškai, vyrauja gera bendravimo atmosfera, o patys vadovai mano, kad vadovavimasis demokratinėmis vertybėmis teikia ir vidinį pasitenkinimą. Taigi demokratizacijos procesas turi pagrindą sėkmingai veikti. Kad vadovų nuostatos stiprėtų, būtina ieškoti jų stiprinimo būdų: tai ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The School Leaders Attitude Towards Democratic Values One of the main problem of modern education – the school's democratization. The chiefs of the schools are important prompters of democratic process in schools, and their attitudes to democratic valuables have decisive influence for these valuables reclamation for all school's society. Sustaining experiential research materials, we can state, that the directors lack of theory knowledge about the democracy, they rarely visit seminars, in which there are ventilating democratic problems, they speak a little about democratic valuables and necessity to guide by them in ordinary life. The rare director has full democratical working school's vision. Showed up little differences between age groups and the place. The eldest (51-60 years) chiefs more acctive reach to liquidate theory gaps. The region's schoolmasters propagate more collaboration with mid institutional collaboration and cities' schoolmasters orient to school's inside life. Despite particular gaps, nevertheless we can state that the schoolmasters keep possitive attitudes to democratic valuables , because many of them know democratic valuables, collaborate wiht outside institutions, there is real autonomy in the schools, the teachers have enough liberty for self-expression , there is a good comunicational atmosphere and own schoolmasters think that leading by democratic valuables infuse inside pleasure.Therefore the process of democratization has evidence for successful... [to full text]

Šiame magistro darbe yra analizuojama teisės aiškinimo ir visuomeninių vertybių balansavimo dinamika. Teisės aiškinimo procesas svarbus tuo, kad atskleidžia teisės turinį. Teisės aiškinimas nėra vien tik formali loginė veikla, nes teisę sudaro ne tik teisės normos, bet ir teisės principai. Teisės principai išreiškia tam tikras visuomenines vertybes. Nustatyti visuomeninių vertybių santykį su teise yra pakankamai sunku, kadangi visuomeninės vertybės nėra vienareikšmiškai suprantamos teisės teorijoje. Teisės aiškinimas atliekamas remiantis visuomeninėmis vertybėmis, kurių suvokimo subjektyvumą iš pirmo žvilgsnio sunku paneigti. Tai lemia teisės turinio ir formos konfrontaciją ir iškelia pačios teisės ribų apibrėžimo klausimą. Tačiau teisė negali būti suprantama kaip uždara sistema, nes jos ribos nuolat kinta. Teisės ribų kitimą įtakoja įvairios neteisinės kategorijos. Teisė pati leidžia ją aiškinti remiantis kategorijomis, formaliai esančiomis už pozityviosios teisės ribų. Teisė reguliuoja tokių kategorijų suvokimą teisės sferoje, pašalindama subjektyvumą jas aiškinant. Dažniausiai kritikos sulaukia aiškių orientyrų trūkumas teisės aiškinimo procese. Visuomeninės vertybės yra maksimaliai subendrinta kategorija, kylanti iš pačios visuomenės, kurią teisė objektyvizuoja, įvertina ir balansuoja kaip ultima ratio socialinių reikalų reguliavimo priemonė. Teismų pareiga vykdyti prigimtinį teisingumą verčia teismą aksiologiškai įvertinti pozityviąją teisę. Įstatymų leidybos atsilikimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This master thesis analises the dynamics of interpretation of law and public values balanse. Interpretation of law is an important process, because it is the process, where natural law is identified from a legal text. Interpretation of law differs from formal logical actions, because the structure of law includes legal principles and legal norms. Legal principles express certain public values. It is hard to define relation between law and public values, because legal theory doesn’t have homologous conception of public values. Interpretation of law appeals to public values, but the perception of it is subjective at the first look, and it is rather hard to deny that statement. It determines confrontation between positive and natural law and that sets a task to define borders of law. But the law cannot be defined as a closed system, because the size of law is constantly changing. It is determined by various categories beyond the law. Law allows identifying itself by using categories that are formally beyond positive law. Law regulates conception of these categories in the area of law by elimination of subjectivity in its interpretation. Commonly critique is pointed to indetermination of legal interpretation process. Public values are a common category, which arise from the society and are evaluated, balanced, objectivised by law as ultima ratio implement regulation of social life. Obligation to do social justice induces judges to evaluate positive law. Backwardness in... [to full text]

Modern Society is stimulated for usage. In that society the conception of values varies. Very often anti values as money, self image, sexuality is treated as the values. This master's work is assigned to estimate the journals for young people in Lithuania - and to establish the values popularized in it. The biggest part of this work is questionnaire research. By this research the pupils of Lithuanian schools were asked toachieve to alucidate in what character journals they read, what themes and rubrics are for them, with what values live young peoples.

Vadovo – įkūrėjo asmeninės vertybės kaip organizacinę kultūrą įtakojantis veiksnys SANTRAUKA Organizacinė kultūra yra viena iš pagrindinių organizacinių charakteristikų, kurias gali lemti įkūrėjų arba vadovų vertybės. Remiantis tyrimų rezultatais, galima daryti prielaidą, jog vadovo bruožai ir vertybės sukuria ir palaiko atitinkamą organizacinę kultūrą (Schein, 1992; Schneider, 1987). Šiuo tyrimu siekėme ištirti Lietuvos privačių organizacijų organizacinės kultūros tipus bei nustatyti vieno iš veiksnių (vadovo – įkūrėjo asmeninių vertybių) sąsajas su organizacine kultūra. Remdamiesi studijuota psichologine literatūra, iškėlėme hipotezę, jog vadovo – įkūrėjo dominuojanti asmeninė vertybė siejasi su atitinkamu organizacinės kultūros tipu. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 privačių organizacijų, dirbančių Lietuvos rinkoje nuo 5 iki 8 metų klientų aptarnavimo srityje. Iš viso tyrime dalyvavo 338 tiriamieji: 30 vadovų – įkūrėjų ir 308 darbuotojai, turintys aukštąjį išsislavinimą. Tyrėme pasirinktų organizacijų esamą ir norimą organizacinę kultūrą, vadovo – įkūrėjo asmenines vertybes bei sąsajas tarp dominuojančios vadovo – įkūrėjo asmeninės vertybės ir atitinkamo organizacinės kultūros tipo. Taikyti įvertinimo būdai: 1) organizacinės kultūros įvertinimo anketa (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument), sukurta K. Cameron ir R. Quinn (1999); 2) S. H. Schwartz pagrindinių žmoniškųjų vertybių sistema, siekiant įvertinti vadovų – įkūrėjų dominuojančias asmenines vertybes; 3) pusiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Owner-manager‘s personal values as a factor influencing organizational culture SUMMARY Organizational culture constitutes one of the most fundamental organizational characteristics that can be influence by founders’ and leaders’ values. According the result’s of the research, it could be possible to make premise, that leaders attributes and values create and maintain according organizational culture (Schein, 1992; Schneider, 1987). We researched Lithuanian private organizations: interface between types of organizational culture and owner - manager’s personal values. Also, we therefore raise the following hypothesis: Owner – manager’s predominate personal value associative with according type of organizational culture. In this research presented 30 private organizations, which are working in Lithuanian market about 5 – 8 years, client’s service range. In the research there participated 338 investigatory: 30 owners – managers and 308 employees, having higher education. We researched now and preferred organizational culture, owner – manager’s personal values and interface between types of organizational culture and owner - manager’s personal values. Measures: 1) ratings of organizational culture were obtained using K. Cameron and R. Quinn (1999) Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument; 2) owner – manager’s predominant personal values were measured with Schwartz’s (1992) value inventory; 3) half structured interview for owners – managers and employees to get comprehensives... [to full text]

Nowadays Lithuanian society outlieves essential social and economic changes, whish influense each person‘s live influencing the young generation. During the social alteration it is available to note valuable conflicts and the view at the existing valuables are changing. Today‘s youth is deeply stuck into conformosm and adoring of status symbols. Young people understand their responsibilities, work and intelligence in different ways and have an awry scale of valuables. Each person creates his or her own model of valuable orientation where are particular valuables dominated. The valuables of each induvidual are as a hierarchically organized system, whish more or less changes in his or her life.

The Orientation of Values in Condition of Globalization.

The primary goal of the Army is country defense. To reach that goal the Army must prepare soldiers – country defenders. The world is changing its face nowadays – the Army so on: country defenders are transforming into expeditionary warriors. According to such situation most of scholars pays attention to economical or public organizations and its employees values and very little to men of the armed forces, especially conscripts valuable orientations. The thesis focuses on conscripts that are serving in Lithuanian armed forces. Company of the Honor Guard was chosen as a research unit. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the dynamics of conscripts’ valuable orientations during the serving period: identify and explore values that influence soldiers‘maturity, civic attitude, understanding of the professional ethics, explore conscripts‘valuable orientations during the period of serving in the ranks, rate the influence of commanders to dynamics of the conscripts‘valuable orientations. In part one of the study the short review of research literature is presented. In part two special adopted questionnaire was prepared, that was filled by 68 conscripts and 14 commanders (officers and non-commissioned officers). In part three the data of research is represented and analyzed too. After separate findings were systematized, research showed that valuable orientations of conscripts are greatly changing during the period of serving. These orientations become far more similar to... [to full text]

In this work we were trying to disclose children and adolescents values and self-esteem connection with the learning achievements of music. Tasks: 1. Ascertain children and adolescents self-esteem, orientation of values, psychic self-feeling in music lessons connection with the learning achievements of music. 2. Ascertain children and adolescents self-esteem, orientation of values, psychic self-feelings, achievements and difficulties of learning music connection with the interest of music. 3. Compare children and adolescence, girls and boys, interests of music, orientation of values, psychic self-feeling in music lessons, the difficulties of learning music, self-esteem and achievements of learning music. The methods of research: sociological, psychological, studying and analyzing pedagogic literature, forming. 200 schoolchildren in the investigation participated: 100 children and 100 adolescents. Research results confirmed the hypotheses that when music achievements are growing up the psychic self-feeling is better, it is more interesting, (r = 0,234, p = 0,001), pleasantly (r = 0,234, p = 0,001), successful (r = 0,217, p = 0,002) and like to learn music more (r = 0,211, p = 0,003). Research results confirmed the second hypotheses. It was found out, that when music achievements are growing up the self-esteem is getting better. Adolescents evaluate themselves only for “industry” parameter (r = 0,323, p = 0,001). Children evaluate themselves “capable” (r = 0,437, p = 0,000)... [to full text]

In this Master work I analysed the plaice of ethics in the family. The identity of a person was overlooked. The family as a worthfull unit is not under evaluation, but the position of the society must be considered, as the eternal values do not loose their worth. In Lithuania the common standards of family are accepted, though the possible problems and threats are not omitted. In this work ethical aspects among the people and their relations were analysed and it was discussed how they affect new appearing forms of family relations. The evaluation of family influence and positive circumstances were discussed, that encourage a person to seek perfection while living in the family. The situation in Lithuania was analysed, as the problems of poverty and disrespect to the older people influence the family union and the marriage itself. A research was carried out among the graduates of various schools in order to find out what the values of the young people were and what their position towards the marriage and family was. It was important to note that according to the results, our young people respect the traditional values, but they are becoming unconcerned about the traditional family. They put accent to the personal freedom and reject the formal marriage In the work recommendations how to create a family and improve the situation of it were given in order to help a person to be happy loved and free living in a family.

Svarbiausiomis šeimos vertybėmis studentai nurodo tarpusavio supratimą ir meilę. Idealios šeimos modeliu laiko tokią šeimą, kurioje išpildomos visos funkcijos, vertina lygiaverčius santykius tarp sutuoktinių, pripažįsta tradicinį pasiskirstymą veiklos rūšimis šeimoje. Pasirengimą santuokai lemia ne tik prigimtis, dvasinė branda, bet ir pačio žmogaus nuostata į santuoką ir šeimos kūrimą. Respondentų nuostata į tėvų šeimos patirties įtaką kuriant savąją šeimą tyrimo hipotezės nepatvirtino, nes jaunimas nenorėtų sekti savo tėvų gyvenimo pavyzdžiu ir savo šeimą kurtų pagal savąjį modelį. Šeimos kūrimo motyvai išliko tie patys: meilė pagrindinis santuokos sudarymo motyvas. Pragmatiški santuokos sudarymo motyvai nedominavo. / Mutual understanding and love are indicated by the students as the main family values. The model of an ideal family is considered to be such a family that fulfills all the functions, where equal relations between spouses are valued, where traditional distribution by types of activity in the family is recognized. Readiness for marriage is determined not only by nature, spiritual maturity but also by attitude of the person himself/herself towards marriage and conclusion of family. The attitude of the respondents towards the influence of the parents` experience on creation of their own family has not confirmed the hypothesis of the investigation as the young people wouldn’t like to follow the example of their parent’s life and would create their own family according to their own model. The motives for creation of a family have remained the same: love is the main motive for conclusion of marriage. Pragmatic motives for conclusion of marriage have not dominated.