Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia da Silva Oliveira.pdf: 942339 bytes, checksum: ee0e8114babb49a421a1e3b6531390fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research has as focus the possibilities of communication as result of the relationship between the chronicles and poetry of Cecília Meireles. In the first moment we turn to the comparison of her verses and prose, our corpus of study: the book Episódio Humano, published posthumously in 2007. We present, a minuscious analysis of the elements that compose the poetic genre, besides the definition of chronicle, the caracteristics and transformation along the history. The thoughts of Roman Jakobson, Jean Cohen, Tzevtan Todorov, Henry Suhamy, Maurice-Jean Lefebve, Octavio Paz, Antonio Candido and Massaud Moisés were essential to the development of this work. Through the inherent poetic sign aspects we can see the possible dialogues found between the different texts of Cecília Meireles, and answer the essential question: Is there poeticity in the chronicles Episódio Humano? In other words, is there confluence between the prose and the poetry in the studied work? Does the carioca writer reveal herself on prose the poetess she is on verses? Critics of the first phase of modernism or of a more mature moment of our literature helped us to answer this question. By preparing the chapter Critical Fortune of Cecília Meireles , we obteined some important reviews regarding the production of the poetess. Here is a brief definition about the art of the writer under the light of the critic Nunes Sampaio: The poetry of Cecília Meireles is one of the most pure, beautiful and valuable manifestation of the contemporary literature . This thought is intended just tostir our expectation in relation to Cecília s poetry / Esta pesquisa tem como abordagem as possibilidades comunicativas que resultam das relações entre a crônica e a poesia de Cecília Meireles. Para tanto, recorremos, num primeiro momento, à comparação entre os versos da escritora e a sua obra em prosa, nosso corpus de estudo: o livro Episódio Humano, publicado postumamente em 2007. Apresentamos, ainda, uma minuciosa análise dos elementos que compõem o gênero poético, além da definição sobre crônica, suas características e transformações ao longo da história. O pensamento de teóricos como Roman Jakobson, Jean Cohen, Tzevtan Todorov, Henry Suhamy, Maurice-Jean Lefebve, Octavio Paz, Antonio Candido e Massaud Moisés foram essenciais para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Por meio da abordagem dos aspectos inerentes ao signo poético, vislumbramos os possíveis diálogos existentes entre os textos distintos de Cecília Meireles, e respondemos à pergunta essencial: há poeticidade nas crônicas de Episódio Humano? Ou seja, há confluência entre a prosa e a poesia na obra estudada? A escritora carioca revela-se, na prosa, a poeta que é nos versos? Críticos da fase primeira do modernismo ou de um momento mais maduro de nossa literatura nos ajudaram a responder a esse questionamento. Ao elaborarmos o capítulo Fortuna crítica de Cecília Meireles , obtivemos algumas preciosas opiniões acerca da produção da poeta. Eis uma breve definição sobre a arte da escritora à luz do crítico Nunes Sampaio: A poesia de Cecília Meireles é uma das mais puras, belas e válidas manifestações da literatura contemporânea. Esse pensamento serve apenas para aguçar as nossas expectativas em relação à poética ceciliana

Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação da interação entre o gelo marinho Antártico e o setor austral e sudoeste do Atlântico Sul. Para realizar este estudo foram utilizados dados de satélite da concentração do gelo marinho e o modelo numérico acoplado do NCAR (Nacional Center for Atmospheric Research) o CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model) versão 3. O CCSM3 foi integrado por 150 anos em 3 diferentes simulações. Estas foram forçadas com as climatologias prescritas da concentração de gelo máximo (MAX), mínimo (MIN) e médio (controle) com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto das mudanças do gelo marinho Antártico no Mar de Weddell e na região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas (CBM). Este estudo enfatiza a interação das escalas de tempo anual, interanual a decadal. A metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa inclue as análises de correlação e espectral, bem como as técnicas estatísticas de funções ortogonais empíricas (EOF) e decomposição de valores singulares (SVD). O comportamento climático das variáveis oceânicas apresentou sensibilidade às diferentes concentrações de gelo marinho Antártico. A variabilidade das anomalias de TSM e SSM mostraram para o experimento MIN padrões espaciais que caracterizam um regime frio do Giro de Weddell, associado a menor intrusão da CDW. A resposta da variabilidade da temperatura, entre os cenários de gelo MAX e MIN, para a região da CBM sugere que menores concentrações de gelo marinho Antártico intensificam as anomalias de TSM desta região, com periodicidade interanual de 2-3 anos e decadal de 25 anos. A circulação oceânica, em ambas as regiões analisadas, associada a fase positiva da SAM se intensifica devido a influência das menores concentrações de gelo marinho. / In this work the interaction between Antarctic sea-ice and the South Atlantic ocean (austral and southwestern sectors) is investigated. To accomplish this satellite-observed sea-ice concentration (SIC) and a coupled model from NCAR-CCSM3 (National Center for Atmospheric Research - Community Climate System Model version 3) were employed. Three 150-year simulations, one each with the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN) and average (control) SIC prescribed climatologies, were used to drive the CCSM3 run. The goal of the research is to evaluate the Weddell Sea and Brazil-Malvinas confluence (BMC) response to observed extremes in Antarctic sea-ice. This study focuses on annual, interannual and decadal timescales. The applied methodology uses correlation and spectrum analyses, as well as Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The annual mean behavior of oceanic variables showed sensibility to Antarctic sea-ice changes. The variability of SST and SSS anomalies showed for the sea-ice MIN experiment a spatial pattern that characterizes the cold regime of the Weddell Gyre, associate with low CDW intrusion. The response of the temperature variability, between sea-ice MAX and MIN scenarios, for the BMC region suggests that less Antarctic sea-ice produces a SST anomaly intensification in this region with a interannual cycle of the 2-3year and decadal cycle of the 25-year. The oceanic circulation in both study regions, related to positive SAM events, showed a intensification to less SIC influence.

Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação da interação entre o gelo marinho Antártico e o setor austral e sudoeste do Atlântico Sul. Para realizar este estudo foram utilizados dados de satélite da concentração do gelo marinho e o modelo numérico acoplado do NCAR (Nacional Center for Atmospheric Research) o CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model) versão 3. O CCSM3 foi integrado por 150 anos em 3 diferentes simulações. Estas foram forçadas com as climatologias prescritas da concentração de gelo máximo (MAX), mínimo (MIN) e médio (controle) com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto das mudanças do gelo marinho Antártico no Mar de Weddell e na região da Confluência Brasil-Malvinas (CBM). Este estudo enfatiza a interação das escalas de tempo anual, interanual a decadal. A metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa inclue as análises de correlação e espectral, bem como as técnicas estatísticas de funções ortogonais empíricas (EOF) e decomposição de valores singulares (SVD). O comportamento climático das variáveis oceânicas apresentou sensibilidade às diferentes concentrações de gelo marinho Antártico. A variabilidade das anomalias de TSM e SSM mostraram para o experimento MIN padrões espaciais que caracterizam um regime frio do Giro de Weddell, associado a menor intrusão da CDW. A resposta da variabilidade da temperatura, entre os cenários de gelo MAX e MIN, para a região da CBM sugere que menores concentrações de gelo marinho Antártico intensificam as anomalias de TSM desta região, com periodicidade interanual de 2-3 anos e decadal de 25 anos. A circulação oceânica, em ambas as regiões analisadas, associada a fase positiva da SAM se intensifica devido a influência das menores concentrações de gelo marinho. / In this work the interaction between Antarctic sea-ice and the South Atlantic ocean (austral and southwestern sectors) is investigated. To accomplish this satellite-observed sea-ice concentration (SIC) and a coupled model from NCAR-CCSM3 (National Center for Atmospheric Research - Community Climate System Model version 3) were employed. Three 150-year simulations, one each with the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN) and average (control) SIC prescribed climatologies, were used to drive the CCSM3 run. The goal of the research is to evaluate the Weddell Sea and Brazil-Malvinas confluence (BMC) response to observed extremes in Antarctic sea-ice. This study focuses on annual, interannual and decadal timescales. The applied methodology uses correlation and spectrum analyses, as well as Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The annual mean behavior of oceanic variables showed sensibility to Antarctic sea-ice changes. The variability of SST and SSS anomalies showed for the sea-ice MIN experiment a spatial pattern that characterizes the cold regime of the Weddell Gyre, associate with low CDW intrusion. The response of the temperature variability, between sea-ice MAX and MIN scenarios, for the BMC region suggests that less Antarctic sea-ice produces a SST anomaly intensification in this region with a interannual cycle of the 2-3year and decadal cycle of the 25-year. The oceanic circulation in both study regions, related to positive SAM events, showed a intensification to less SIC influence.

Le $\lambda \mu^{\wedge \vee}$-calcul est une extension du $\lambda$-calcul associée à la déduction naturelle classique où sont considérés tous les connecteurs.<br>Les principaux résultats de cette thèse sont :<br>- La standardisation, la confluence et une extension de la machin de J.-L. Krivine en $\lambda \mu^{\wedge \vee}$-calcul.<br>- Une preuve sémantique de la forte normalisation du théorème d'élimination des coupures.<br>- Une sémantique de réalisabilité pour le $\lambda \mu^{\wedge \vee}$-calcul qui permet de caractériser le comportement calculatoire de certains termes typés et clos.<br>- Un théorème de complétude pour le $\lambda \mu$-calcul simplement typé.<br>- Une introduction à un $\lambda \mu^{\wedge \vee}$-calcul par valeur confluent.

Le développement d'une méthode objective pour détecter les fronts thermiques de surface sur une base de données de onze ans d'images AVHRR, a permis d'étudier les variations d'amplitude et de position des fronts de surface. Dans la région de collision Brésil-Malouines, un seul front est observé avec les images AVHRR et de couleur de l'eau. Ce front pivote autour d'un point fixe (39.5°S, 53.5°W) entre une orientation NS en hiver et NW-SE en été. La division de l'Atlantique Sud-Ouest en régions biophysiques est étudiée avec une méthode de réseau de neurones et avec une méthode basée sur des histogrammes, les données étant des moyennes de température de surface de la mer (SST), gradient de SST et couleur de l'eau. La variabilité du courant qui entoure l'élévation du Zapiola est étudiée à l'aide de données in-situ (flotteurs ARGO et hydrologie de la campagne WOCE A11) et altimétriques. Un mécanisme de forçage par les tourbillons, qui pourrait expliquer la variabilité observée, est discuté.

The site of confluence of the artery and the portal vein in the liver still appears to be controversial. Anatomical studies suggested a presinusoidal or an intrasinusoidal confluence in the first, second or even final third of the sinusoids. The objective of this investigation was to study the problem with functional biochemical techniques. Rat livers were perfused through the hepatic artery and simultaneously either in the orthograde direction from the portal vein to the hepatic vein or in the retrograde direction from the hepatic vein to the portal vein. Arterial how was linearly dependent on arterial pressure between 70 cm H2O and 120 cm H2O at a constant portal or hepatovenous pressure of 18 cm H2O. An arterial pressure of 100 cm H2O was required for the maintenance of a homogeneous orthograde perfusion of the whole parenchyma and of a physiologic ratio of arterial to portal how of about 1:3. Glucagon was infused either through the artery or the portal vein and hepatic vein, respectively, to a submaximally effective ''calculated'' sinusoidal concentration after mixing of 0.1 nmol/L. During orthograde perfusions, arterial and portal glucagon caused the same increases in glucose output. Yet during retrograde perfusions, hepatovenous glucagon elicited metabolic alterations equal to those in orthograde perfusions, whereas arterial glucagon effected changes strongly reduced to between 10% and 50%. Arterially infused trypan blue was distributed homogeneously in the parenchyma during orthograde perfusions, whereas it reached clearly smaller areas of parenchyma during retrograde perfusions. Finally, arterially applied acridine orange was taken up by all periportal hepatocytes in the proximal half of the acinus during orthograde perfusions but only by a much smaller portion of periportal cells in the proximal third of the acinus during retrograde perfusions. These findings suggest that in rat liver, the hepatic artery and the portal vein mix before and within the first third of the sinusoids, rather than in the middle or even last third.

In Toni Morrison’s Jazz and Eudora Welty’s The Optimist’s Daughter, extreme opposition is prevalent as the authors describe the makeup of each character, as well as the setting and plot in these novels. What are they accomplishing by portraying such opposition? By using Jacque Derrida’s deconstructive theory and Julia Kristeva’s definition of abjection as theoretical guides to navigate these novels, examples of how both authors use extreme opposition in each element of their works are cited and explored. Through this process, the realization that opposing extremes can harmoniously lie side by side and have as many similarities as differences is discovered. By the conclusion, the unifying quality that love plays in both novels, as well as the authors’ intents to change their readers traditional concept of love, is evident.

L'objet de cette thèse est la méta-théorie du Calcul des Constructions Inductives (CCI), c'est à dire les Calcul des Constructions étendu par des types et des prédicats inductifs. Le Calcul des Constructions a été présenté en 1985 par Thierry Coquand. Il s'agit d'un lambda-calcul typé qui, à travers l'isomorphisme dit de Curry-Howard, peut-être vu comme un formalisme logique. Ce système qui étend à la fois la logique d'ordre superieur de Church et les systèmes de Martin-Löf est particulièrement expressif du point de vue algorithmique et peut facilement être mis en oeuvre sur ordinateur.<br />Dans le Calcul des Constructions originel, les types de données (entiers, listes, sommes, etc) sont représentés dans le lambda-calcul à travers un codage imprédicatif. Cette solution est élégante mais conduit à un certain nombre de difficultés pratiques et théoriques. Pour y remédier, Thierry Coquand et Christine Paulin-Mohring on proposé d'étendre le formalisme par un mécanisme génerique de définitions inductives. C'est cette extension, utilisée dans le système Coq, qui est étudiée dans cette thèse. Le résultat essentiel est que le système vérifie bien la proprieté de normalisation forte. On en déduit les proprietés de cohérence logique, de confluence et de décidabilité du typage.<br />L'aspect le plus spectaculaire de l'extension par des types inductifs est la possibilité de définir de nouveaux types et de nouvelles propositions par récurrence structurelle (élimination forte). Cette caractéristique, qui donne toute sa signification à la notion de types dépendants, augmente énormément le pouvoir de la règle de conversion, et par là, la difficulté de la preuve de normalisation. L'interprétation de l'élimination forte dans une preuve de normalisation par réductibilité est la nouveauté essentielle de ce travail.<br />De plus, nous considérons ici un système avec eta-conversion. Une conséquence est que la propriété de confluence n'est plus combinatoire et doit être prouvée après la normalisation, ce qui augmente à nouveau la difficulté de la preuve de celle-ci. A ce titre, nous présentons également quelques résultats nouveaux sur des systèmes non-normalisants qui montrent que pour des lambda-calculs typés, la propriété de confluence est logique et non combinatoire.

Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da ressecção tumoral e da quimioterapia sobre o estado nutricional e os marcadores séricos/plasmáticos do estado inflamatório e do estresse oxidativo de pacientes com neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Casuística: O estudo prospectivo e longitudinal foi conduzido com pacientes adultos com neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática (Grupo Câncer, n=10) que foram submetidos à ressecção tumoral seguida de quimioterapia, conforme diretrizes internacionais estabelecidas na rotina do Serviço de Gastrocirurgia e de Oncologia Clínica da HCFMRP-USP. O estudo incluiu também voluntários saudáveis (Grupo Controle, n=10), pareados para a idade, gênero e condição socioeconômica. Métodos: Os pacientes do Grupo Câncer foram avaliados em duas ocasiões distintas, sendo a primeira no pré-operatório da ressecção tumoral e a segunda, após o término da quimioterapia. Antes da cirurgia, os pacientes foram questionados sobre a evolução ponderal, foram feitas as medidas de composição corporal e aplicaram-se questionários de qualidade de vida e de fadiga. Foi feita a coleta de sangue para avaliação laboratorial do estado clínico e nutricional, que incluiu a determinação de proteínas séricas, albumina, zinco e cobre. Foram avaliados os marcadores de estresse oxidativo como: superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), malondialdeído (MDA) e vitamina E. Foram dosadas as citocinas séricas: interleucina-1? (IL-1?), interleucina-6 (IL-6), interleucina-10 (IL-10), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF?) e interferon gama (INF?). Todas as análises foram repetidas num período médio de 50 dias após término da quimioterapia. O Grupo Controle foi submetido aos mesmos procedimentos, em apenas uma ocasião. A análise estatística foi feita com o software Statistica 8.0, usando o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon pareado ou teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney. Para todas as análises, foi estabelecido um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O IMC, a massa gorda e a massa magra do Grupo Câncer mantiveram-se inalterados nos dois momentos da avaliação. Os pacientes relataram média de 20% de perda de peso antes do diagnóstico do tumor, mas não houve perda de peso durante o tratamento oncológico. A qualidade de vida e de fadiga não se alterou no período de estudo e os pacientes mantiveram escores elevados nos dois momentos da avaliação. A SOD e a GPx mantiveram-se elevadas no pré-operatório e após a quimioterapia em relação ao Grupo Controle. O MDA não se alterou em nenhum momento do estudo. No pré-operatório, a TNF-? foi mais elevada em relação ao Grupo Controle, mantendo-se elevada após a quimioterapia. A IL-6 mostrou-se elevada antes da ressecção tumoral e apresentou aumento adicional após o tratamento oncológico. A IL-1? foi menor no pré-operatório em relação ao Grupo Controle. A IL-10 estava elevada no pré-operatório, reduziu na 2ª coleta, porém manteve-se elevada em relação ao Grupo Controle. Conclusões: Os dados obtidos indicam que os pacientes com neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática apresentaram perda ponderal anterior ao diagnóstico, mas houve estabilização do peso, da composição corporal e dos escores de qualidade de vida e de fadiga após a ressecção tumoral e o uso de drogas antineoplásicas. Os pacientes mantiveram níveis elevados de IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-? indicando atividade neoplasia e pior prognóstico. Os níveis séricos de SOD e de GPx mantiveram-se altos durante todo o seguimento, provavelmente mantendo um equilíbrio oxidativo que preveniu a peroxidação lipídica. A vitamina E reduziu após quimioterapia, o que sugere necessidade de reposição desta vitamina em pacientes que recebem drogas antineoplásicas. / Objective: To evaluate the effect of tumor resection and chemotherapy on nutritional status and serum / plasma oxidative and inflammatory stress markers in patients with malignant neoplasm of biliopancreatic confluence. The prospective and longitudinal study was conducted with 10 adult patients of both genders with malignant neoplasm of biliopancreatic confluence (Group Cancer, n = 10) who underwent tumor resection followed by chemotherapy, according to established international guidelines followed in the routine of the Service of Gastrocirurgia and of Clinical Oncology of the HCFMRP-USP. The study also included 10 healthy volunteers (Control Group, n = 10), matched for age and gender. Methods: Patients of the Cancer Group were evaluated on two different occasions, the first one in the preoperative period of tumor resection and after the end of chemotherapy. Before resection, the patients were questioned about the weight evolution, the measurements of body composition were made and quality of life and fatigue questionnaires were applied. Blood samples were collected for laboratory evaluation of clinical and nutritional status, including determination of serum proteins, including albumin, in addition to zinc and copper. We evaluated superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde and vitamin E, in addition to IL-1?, IL-6, IL-10, TNF?, and INF?. All analyzes were repeated within a mean period of 50 days after chemotherapy was completed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software, using the nonparametric Wilcoxon paired test or the non-parametric Mann Whitney test. For all analyzes, a significance level of 5% was established. Results: The BMI, fat mass and lean mass of the Cancer Group remained unchanged at both moments of the evaluation. In our study, patients reported weight loss before surgical treatment, averaging 20% of the weight before diagnosis of the tumor. During cancer treatment, there was no significant weight loss. Quality of life and fatigue did not change during the study period and had elevated scores. SOD and GPx are elevated preoperatively and post-chemotherapy in relation to the Control Group. MDA did not change at any point in the study. In relation to cytokines, TNF-? is higher in the preoperative period than in the Control Group, which remains high after chemotherapy and with a significant difference in relation to the Control Group. IL-6 was significantly elevated prior to tumor resection and further increased after resection and chemotherapy. IL-1? was lower preoperatively than in the Control Group. IL-10 is elevated preoperatively, reduced in the second collection, but remained elevated significantly in relation to the Control Group. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study indicate that patients with malignant neoplasm of biliopancreatic confluence submitted to tumor resection followed by chemotherapy presented weight loss prior to diagnosis, but there was stabilization of weight, body composition and quality of life scores and of fatigue after the use of antineoplastic drugs. On the other hand, serum levels of SOD and GPx remained high throughout the follow-up, probably maintaining an oxidative balance that prevented lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E reduced after chemotherapy, which suggests that this vitamin should be replenished in patients receiving antineoplastic drugs. In parallel, patients maintained high levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-? indicating advanced cancer and worse prognosis.

This thesis engages in a study of mesenchymal stem cell migration in extracellular matrix based on principles of chemotaxis. First, attention is focused on a theoretical part associated with a clarification of basic terms such as extracellular matrix, migration, confocal microscopy, mesenchymal stem cells or chemotaxis. There is also included a list and a description of some basic methods for monitoring cell migration and a more detailed description of a method called transwell assay, which has been chosen for an experiment in a practical part of this thesis. This part includes protocols of individual steps for the preparation of the experiment, the procedure of data processing obtained by scanning cells with a confocal microscope and a description of the resulting confluence values.