The aim of this paper is to identify the enablers, barriers and benefits of implementing reconfigurable jigs in the off-site manufacturing of unique house elements. Due to de- mands on customization, volume and lowering the cost, there is a need to increase flex- ibility in the industry. The paper focuses on mainly two phases of implementation, which are manufacturing, design and engineering. The research questions are answered by applying a single case study method, taking place in a Swedish house manufacturing company. The study consists of four different techniques – interviews, time study, observations, and questionnaire which are sup- ported with an additional literature review. Hence, research questions are answered from a triangulation approach providing nuanced and dynamic perspectives. From observations and time study it is concluded that in current situation, changeover in manufacturing is time-consuming due to the difference in complexity of product var- iants, along with a complex and inefficient setup process that is not responsive to a changeable environment. Findings imply that the barriers in both phases include lack of knowledge about reconfigurability, communication, current capabilities of CAD sys- tems as well as training and education. Enablers are found to be awareness of the needs of improvements, long-term mindset and working with product platforms. The benefits of implementing reconfigurable jigs include a reduction of setup time in manufacturing, better storage and sharing of information along with a better interpretation of that in- formation, a better structure in the organisation.

A adoção de Software como Serviço (do inglês, Software as a Service ou simplesmente SaaS) está em expansão em todo o mundo, alavancada pelas muitas vantagens que esse modelo de distribuição de software oferece tanto para os provedores desses serviços quanto para seus clientes. Em SaaS, o provedor do serviço também é responsável pelo seu desenvolvimento e execução, o que permite a esses provedores fazerem escolhas sobre a arquitetura de seus sistemas visando diminuir a complexidade e os custos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento e operação. Nesse contexto, um padrão de arquitetura freqüentemente utilizado é o Multitenant, que torna uma mesma instância do software capaz de servir a múltiplos clientes (tenants) simultaneamente. No entanto, sistemas que utilizam Multitenancy enfrentam uma série de desafios, principalmente no que se refere à flexibilidade em atender os requisitos específicos de cada cliente na customização de processos, de fluxos e regras de negócio, e de interfaces com o usuário. Especificamente no problema de customização de interfaces, embora existam trabalhos na literatura relacionados à customização de interfaces Web, e existam implementações de mercado de mecanismos para possibilitar essas customizações, esses trabalhos e mecanismos ou não são projetados especificamente para sistemas Multitenant ou, quando são, não têm sua arquitetura publicada e seu código fonte disponíveis para serem reutilizados. Assim, esta pesquisa investigou uma alternativa para a customização de interfaces Web no contexto de Software como Serviço Multitenant. Como resultado, foi inicialmente definido e implementado um mecanismo não intrusivo para o desenvolvimento de aplicações Multitenant chamado DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), sobre o qual foi possível construir um mecanismo para a customização de interfaces Web, chamado MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical Themes), baseado no padrão MVC (Model-View-Controller ) e nos conceito de temas e de hierarquias / The adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) is growing worldwide, driven by the many advantages that this software distribution model offers to both service providers and their clients. In SaaS, the service provider is also responsible for the development and the execution of the software, enabling that choices be made in terms of system architecture in order to reduce the complexity and costs related to its development and operation. However, Multitenant systems face a number of challenges, mainly related to flexibility in meeting specific customer requirements in customizing the system processes, flows, business rules and user interfaces. Specifically on the problem of user interface customization, although there are studies in the literature and products on the market that implement mechanism to allow such customizations, these studies and mechanism are not specific to Multitenant systems or the mechanism architecture and source code is not available to be reused. Thus, this study investigated alternatives for Web interfaces customization in the context of Multitenant Software as a Service. As a result, a non intrusive mechanism, called DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), was defined and implemented to allow the development of Multitenant applications, on top of which a mechanism for Web interfaces customization, called MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical themes), based on the MVC pattern, on the concepts of themes and of hierarchies, was built

Serious games can be used for a vast amount of different purposes and they change the way we think, learn, and entertain ourselves. The focus of this paper will be more about learning or educational games and how the adaptation of content through personalized preferences can be of an importance for capturing the user’s interest and retaining their motivation. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the content adaptation of a serious game target group in order to maintain their motivation to achieve the learning outcome. The players of serious games usually have a goal or motivation prior to begin playing a game. Those goals may include the learning of a new language or increasing one's geography or math skills. By adapting the content of a serious game to the level of knowledge of a player or giving the player the opportunity to choose in what field they would like to increase their knowledge in, could be a factor to maintain the player motivation up until the goal of the player is achieved. In this paper, an adaptive educational game has been developed to examine whether a target group with personalized content will indicate a higher motivation to play the game than another group which will be playing the direct version of the game without any personalized content.

This thesis analysed the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of mobile government services in Saudi Arabia using a mixed method approach combining surveys and semi-structured interviews with Saudi citizens and employees of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Three studies were conducted for the purpose of achieving the aims and objectives of the thesis. The first study shows that the high level of mobile penetration in the country suggests that there is already a demand of a greater range of m-government services despite the fact that still a large proportion of the Saudi population who do not have access to mobile technologies. Nevertheless, the results suggest that there is still a strong desire among users for the provision of mobile government services and the majority of respondents were willing to use such services and understand the benefits of using m-government. This thesis also shows a strong consensus among both government employees and citizens that m-government implementation would contribute to the technological development of the country. The findings of the second study suggest that the high level of mobile penetration offers an opportunity for the Saudi government to offer mobile government services. However, a number of barriers to mobile government exist, including poor quality and speed of internet, lack of customisation of services and data security and privacy issues as well as infrastructural challenges and bureaucratic attitude of the government departments. The third study focussed on the practicality of a mobile phone application, and for this purpose a mobile application for utility bills was developed and evaluated in terms of its usability, reliability and validity of the service. The thesis revealed that the majority of respondents were satisfied with the service usage, as application was easy to use without complications. However, participants were not comfortable to leave their details pertaining to credit card or any personal information. Misuse of information was major threat to participants, which further added reluctance to usage of the application. Respondents were willing to provide financial details if the service was authorised by government agencies. By exploring the opportunities of, and challenges facing m-government in Saudi Arabia, this thesis contributes to the m-government literature on developing countries in particular. This thesis offers important lessons for the m-government policy makers in Saudi Arabia and around the developing world.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo automatizar a personalização do traçado do processo de construção dos moldes básicos do vestuário feminino, através da utilização de software paramétrico, mais precisamente o Grasshopper. Para a construção do trabalho, foram investigados alguns conceitos que fundamentaram esta pesquisa. São eles: antropometria e seus conceitos aplicados ao vestuário; tabela de medidas e como ela é empregada no desenvolvimento do produto sob medida; a modelagem inserida na sequência do planejamento produtivo do produto de moda; o processo de modelagem do vestuário; os tipos de modelagem: plana e tridimensional; as etapas do processo de construção dos moldes desde os moldes básicos até os moldes de corte. Por fim, uma apresentação dos principais softwares de modelagem do vestuário e os programas escolhidos para a execução desta pesquisa. Fundamentando-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, foram construídos critérios para a seleção e análise do método de traçado dos moldes básicos, com a finalidade de selecionar o melhor método para ser parametrizado. Foram analisados três métodos: SENAC (2004), SENAI (elaborado por Lenir Romero) e Modelagem Industrial Brasileira (Duarte e Saggese, 2010). Para a construção da modelagem da blusa e da saia no Grasshopper, foi selecionado o método do SENAI. Para a construção da manga, o método de Duarte e Saggese foi a melhor alternativa. A partir dos moldes construídos, dois manequins de tamanhos distintos tiveram suas medidas obtidas e por meio delas os moldes foram parametrizados. Para a verificação da aplicabilidade do processo de automatização, foram confeccionados os protótipos dos moldes básicos no tamanho de cada manequim e, posteriormente, um modelo do vestuário estilizado, acompanhando as proporções dos bustos de costura. Assim a dissertação é concluída, verificando a aplicabilidade do processo de automatização dos traçados dos moldes básicos a partir de medidas personalizadas. / This research aims to automate the customization of the layout of the building process of the basic standards of women's clothing, through the use of parametric software, the Grasshopper. For construction were investigated some theoretical issues substantiate this search. They are: anthropometry, applied concepts In clothing; measurement chart; the measurement table and the product tailored; patterning one inserted into the sequence of the production planning product fashion; the clothing patterning process; patterning types: flat and three-dimensional; as steps construction process of the patterns, from the basic pattern to cutting pattern. Finally, a presentation of the main clothing modeling software and the chosen programs to executions of this search. Basing on bibliographic search, were established criterions to selection of the analysis method of the basic patterns, with the goal of selecting the best method to be parameterized. Were examined three methods: SENAC (2004), SENAI (prepared by Lenir Romero) and Brazilian industrial Modeling (Duarte and Saggese, 2010). For Building Modeling blouse and skirt without Grasshopper was selected SENAI method. To construction of sleeve, Duarte and Saggese method was the best alternative. From molds built, two dummies distinguished sizes your had taken measures, and the from these molds. They were parameterized for a validation of the automation process, were made the prototypes grassroots non size each mannequin, and then do uh stylized clothing model, as following the same proportions. This way, this dissertation is competed, validating the automation process of the traces of patterning the basic custom from measurements.

Lean Consumption är ett perspektiv att se på handel som strävar efter att minska kundensköpmotstånd. Detta genom att förse kunden med exakt vad den vill ha på ett tidseffektivt sätt.Tid som under köpprocessen inte är värdeskapande för kund ska reduceras. Lyckas företagetefterleva Lean Consumption perspektivet tyder det på att företaget kan tillgodose sig positivaeffekter.Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Lean Consumption perspektivet för närvarandeanvänds bland klädhandlare på internet och vilka effekter det kan leda till. Till stöd för vårtresonemang använder vi oss av kompletterande vetenskap. Studien fokuserar inte på ett visstsegment av internetaktörer, meningen är att undersöka Lean Consumption perspektivet frånolika företags synvinklar.Den bäst lämpade metoden anser vi varit en kvalitativ ansats. Ett fåtal intervjuobjekt mednödvändig kunskap om respektive företaget har blivit ingående intervjuade. Det har skettgenom ett semistrukturerad tillvägagångssätt där vi kunnat ställa passande följdfrågor. Det harvarit en passande form eftersom vi velat försäkra oss om hög validitet i insamlad data.Alla företag vi undersökt arbetar med företeelser kopplade till Lean Consumptionperspektivet. Företagen har nått olika långt i Lean Consumption, beroende på företagetsaffärsidé. Det påvisas i denna studie med vissa exempel att en effekt av Lean Consumptionperspektiv är ökad försäljning. Vi har även sett samband mellan kundlojalitet ochanvändningen av Lean Consumption. / <p>Lean Consumption is a perspective to look at commerce with aspiration to reduce the buying</p><p>resistance. This is achieved by giving the customer exactly what they want in a time efficient</p><p>way. The non value adding time during the buying process for the customer should be</p><p>reduced. If the company succeeds with accomplishing the Lean Consumption perspective</p><p>there is an indication that they will embrace benefits.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Lean Consumption perspective is used</p><p>among the apparel commerce on Internet today, and the effect of it. To support our issue we</p><p>will use additional science. The study is not focused on one segment of businesses, the idea is</p><p>to examine the Lean Consumption perspective from different company views.</p><p>The method we have found most accurate is a qualitative approach. We did a few detailed</p><p>interviews with persons that got necessary knowledge about their company. The interviews</p><p>were done through a semi structured way to give us the possibility to make follow up</p><p>questions. This was a suitable way to make sure the collected data had high validity.</p><p>All companies we examined works with tasks related to Lean Consumption perspective. The</p><p>companies have reach different levels considering Lean Consumption perspective based on</p><p>the companies business model. This paper shows with certain examples that one effect of</p><p>Lean Consumption is increased sales. We have also noticed a connection between customer</p><p>loyalty and the use of Lean Consumption. This paper is written in Swedish.</p><p>Keywords: Lean Consumption, apparel commerce on Internet, Mass Customization,</p><p>Prosumption.</p><p>Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen</p>

For this thesis, the concept of e-mass customization, supported through e-commerceand away from mass production is considered as an alternative and sustainable strategyfor fashion and textile companies of western markets. Since the need for selfactualization and individualization increases among western societies, in addition tosustainably conscious consumption patterns, mass customization is one strategicsolution to face current market trends. In accordance to that, it is aimed to find highlyflexible supply chain possibilities suitable for this volatile industry sector. This isaccompanied by exploring modern and innovative production and information andcommunication technologies to ease cost, location and risk advantages. The main effortis placed on digital textile printers since this technological integration is regarded as ahub that supports a digital, yet flexible supply chain setup, regardless of point ofproduction. / Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management

O termo customização em massa se refere à habilidade de fornecer produtos diferenciados aos consumidores sem que haja um aumento significativo de custos e tempo de entrega. Esta estratégia vem sendo adotada com sucesso por um crescente número de empresas do setor de manufatura, entretanto, o mesmo não se observa no contexto de produção habitacional. No Brasil, as empresas de construção civil engajadas na produção de habitações por intermédio de programas governamentais vêm sendo criticadas pela falta de eficiência em lidar com a diversidade de necessidades e desejos dos clientes finais. A oferta de flexibilidade nesses programas tende a ser muito limitada, devido, principalmente, à adoção de um paradigma de produção em massa no desenvolvimento desses empreendimentos. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi propor diretrizes para a adoção da estratégia de customização em massa na realização de empreendimentos habitacionais para a baixa renda no Brasil. Foram realizados dois estudos de caso em diferentes programas habitacionais, esses estudos foram desenvolvidos em três etapas. Na Etapa A buscou-se compreender o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos e identificar oportunidades para a adoção da customização em massa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os agentes que participam do processo e analisados dados de fontes secundárias, previamente coletados por outros pesquisadores. A Etapa B teve como objetivo identificar os requisitos de customização. Para isto, foram analisados dados de fontes secundárias sobre o perfil dos clientes e avaliações pós-ocupação. Esses dados foram complementados com uma coleta sobre as adaptações realizadas realizadas pelos clientes durante o uso do imóvel. Por fim, a Etapa C caracterizou-se por uma reestruturação do PDP da empresa que participou desta pesquisa, na qual foram testadas as proposições sobre as oportunidades de adoção da customização em massa. As principais contribuições do presente trabalho dizem respeito não só a uma melhor compreensão da diversidade de requisitos do público-alvo desses programas, mas também à identificação de possibilidades de adoção da estratégia de customização em massa na realização de empreendimentos habitacionais para a baixa renda promovidos no âmbito de programas habitacionais Brasileiros. / Mass customisation stands for the ability to develop high value-added products within short time frames and at relatively low costs. This strategy is well known in manufacturing, where it has been widely used for competitive advantage. By contrast, the housing building industry in Brazil has been criticized for the lack of effectiveness in dealing with the diversity of customer needs. In low-income housing, for instance, product flexibility tends to be very limited, due to the fact that most housing programs adopt mass production core ideas in their conception. In this way, the main objective of this research was to propose guidelines for adopting a mass customization strategy in the provision of low-income housing in Brazil. Two case studies were carried out in different government housing programs. Both studies were divided into three phases. The first phase involved understanding the product development process and analysing opportunities to adopt a MC strategy. It was based on a set of interviews with product development participants and on the analysis of documents and secondary data previously collected by other researchers. The second phase consisted of mapping customization requirements, which was possible by analysing previously collected data regarding costumer’s profile and satisfaction. Also, data was collected to identify modifications made by users in their dwellings after occupation. Finally, in the third phase some propositions concerning the opportunities to adopt MC were tested. Some changes were implemented in the product development process of a house building company. Based on the main findings, guidelines for introducing a mass customisation in low cost housing are proposed. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with understanding the diversity of costumer’s requirements in low cost housing programs, and the identification of possibilities to adopt a mass customization strategy in the development of those programs in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Marcos Ficiano.pdf: 5036119 bytes, checksum: cb709e617e65237763b790ae354cf962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-25 / The research work - which is characterized by the intervention - aims to understand and analyze the overall process of building an interface to the Moodle Learning Management System, assuming the combination of three elements: navigability, usability and architecture information seeking to encourage learning, which demonstrates the process of building the interface to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary work. The project addresses the Distance Education and the concept, characteristics and possibilities of interactivity of AVAs, with a brief mention of multimedia, the Internet and its history. Speaks of computer languages, programming techniques, classification of languages, types of software, models of virtual environments and web-based methodologies to software development, based on the approach to systems design. This is the Moodle platform, with its technological potential, examining the process of customizing the platform with an corporate course, in which greater navigability and usability have been taken as the base. And finish the job search when he observes the product built under the light of the concepts and theories studied, and how to apply these principles could be confirmed in promoting effective learning. Research has shown that both teachers and students are benefited by participating in classes to distance learning in virtual environments, while it is well structured, in that they enable the development of critical thinking, practical reasoning, ease of interaction, collaboration and socializing / O trabalho de pesquisa realizado - que tem por característica a intervenção -, tem como objetivo geral conhecer e analisar o processo de construção de uma interface para o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Moodle, partindo do pressuposto da articulação de três elementos: navegabilidade, usabilidade e arquitetura da informação em busca de favorecer a aprendizagem, que demonstra o processo de construção da interface com o destaque da importância do trabalho multidisciplinar. O projeto aborda a Educação a Distância e o conceito, características e possibilidades de interatividade dos AVAs, com uma breve referência da multimídia, da Internet e sua história. Fala das linguagens de computação, técnicas de programação, classificações das linguagens, tipos de softwares, modelos de ambientes virtuais baseados na web e metodologias utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de softwares, com base na abordagem de concepção de sistemas. Trata da plataforma Moodle, com suas potencialidades tecnológicas, com a análise do processo de customização da plataforma com um curso corporativo, em que uma maior navegabilidade e usabilidade foram tidas como base. E termina o trabalho de pesquisa quando observa o produto construído sob a luz dos conceitos e teorias estudados, e de que maneira a aplicação desses princípios puderam ser confirmados na promoção efetiva da aprendizagem. A pesquisa mostrou que tanto os professores como os alunos são beneficiados ao participarem de aulas a distância em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, quando este se encontra bem estruturado, na medida em que estes possibilitam o desenvolvimento de espírito crítico, a prática de raciocínio, facilidade de interação, colaboração e socialização

Atualmente, a customização apresenta-se como um importante diferencial competitivo para as empresas. No entanto, ao consumir bens customizados, o cliente está, em geral, sujeito ao pagamento de altos preços e à espera de longos tempos de entrega. Portanto, quanto mais as empresas desenvolverem soluções customizadas com altos níveis de eficiência, maior será a tendência de conquista do cliente. Nesse cenário, a customização em massa (CM), que está relacionada à produção de altos volumes de produtos e serviços customizados a um custo semelhante ao de itens padronizados, surge como solução. Verifica-se, porém, que, apesar da importância do setor de serviços no contexto atual, existe pouco conhecimento sobre a utilização da CM neste ramo de atividade. Dado isso, o objetivo desta dissertação é aplicar conceitos da CM, já difundidos na manufatura, no setor de serviços. Para atingir o objetivo, foram desenvolvidos três artigos. No primeiro artigo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura a fim de identificar linhas de pesquisa já existentes sobre o tema e oportunidades possíveis de serem exploradas. No segundo artigo, foi proposta uma classificação para a customização de serviços, apresentando diversos tipos de customização possíveis de serem realizados nesse setor. No terceiro artigo, foi desenvolvido um dos tipos de customização apresentado no artigo anterior (mais especificamente, o tipo “Modularização e Plataforma de Serviços”) através da adaptação de um método de modularização, já utilizado para modularizar produtos, para o setor de serviços. Como conclusão geral, confirmou-se a expectativa de que a CM em serviços está em um nível baixo de maturidade, pois existem poucos estudos desenvolvidos sobre o tema. Além disso, verificou-se que as poucas soluções propostas pela literatura raramente são viáveis de serem utilizadas pelas empresas. Por fim, acredita-se que os habilitadores da CM em serviços devem considerar as características específicas desse setor, visto que, atualmente, os estudos introduzem no setor de serviços o que já foi desenvolvido para produtos, sem, no entanto, considerar as diferentes características desses dois setores. / Customization has been viewed as an important competitive advantage by companies. However, when consuming customized goods, customers are likely to pay higher prices and wait longer for the items purchased. Therefore, the more the companies develop customized solutions with high levels of efficiency, the greater the tendency to hold customers. In such context Mass Customization (MC), defined as the production of high volumes of customized products and services at mass production costs, arises as a solution. It is verified, however, that, despite the importance of the service industry, there is insufficient knowledge about the use of MC in such application context. The objective of this thesis is to apply MC concepts, already used in the manufacturing sector, in the service industry. We achieve that through the papers that compound this document. In the first paper, we present a literature review on MC in services and point to promising research opportunities. In the second paper, we propose a classification for service customization, presenting many types of customization feasible to be carried out in that sector. In the third paper we developed one of the customization types proposed in the second paper (namely, "Modularization and Platform of Services") by adapting a modularization method already used in manufacturing to the service sector. In general, we concluded that MC in the service industry is indeed at a low maturity level. Furthermore, it was found that the solutions proposed by authors are rarely applicable in practice. Finally, it is believed that MC enablers in the service industry should consider its specific characteristics instead of using solutions developed for products, without considering the specifics of the service industry.