When it comes to cloud services, security has many a times been the hot topic. This has been especially relevant within the payment card industry and the secure handling of payment card data. The Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (the council) was formed in order to ensure a global enhancement of payment card data. The council has issued requirements that all companies that handle payment card data are obliged to follow. However, the council has become much more strict as of recently, creating an urgency to become compliant. Thus, cloud service providers (CSP) have constructed standardized, PCI DSS compliant products so as to relief such customers. Since this emerging market is somewhat new, this thesis has researched how CSPs should relate to products within that market and the potential customer base. The case study for this research was conducted at Tieto, an IT service company, and its standardized, PCI DSS compliant product TiCC. The study collected empirical data in the form of qualitative interviews as well as quantitative telephone interviews with companies within the payment card industry. The study came to the conclusion that there is a demand that is not being met within the payment card industry related to products that aid organizations to become PCI DSS compliant. Standardized products have been constructed so as to fit financial customers while overlooking the demand of another large customer base, retail. Additionally, the products are being tweaked and features are being added, thus providing customization. CSPs are striving for both standardization as well as customization, something that has been considered counterproductive. The existing demand is thus not met with the current supply in the market, which has both multiple competitors and heterogeneity in market demand. The above mentioned thus leaves room for market seizure, to create own rules and thus making all competitors irrelevant. A potential way of doing that is through mass customization by standardizing higher levels of cloud computing.

Die Dissertation analysiert den Effekt verschiedener Strategien der Anpassung von Maßnahmen zur Mitarbeiterbindung an individuelle Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen von Mitarbeitern. Hierfür erfolgte eine Übertragung der Customization-Strategie aus dem kunden- in das mitarbeiterorientierte Marketing und eine Neu-Konzeptualisierung als „Job Customization“. Anknüpfend wurden theoretische Ansätze zur Erklärung des Effekts von Job Customization auf organisationales Commitment diskutiert. Zur Überprüfung des Untersuchungsmodells und der Hypothesen wurde eine standardisierte Online-Befragung durchgeführt. Die Datenauswertung mittels Kausalanalyse zeigte, dass Job Customization über die Erfüllung des psychologischen Vertrags, psychologisches Empowerment und wahrgenommene organisationale Unterstützung positiv auf organisationales Commitment wirkt. Dabei ist der Effekt stärker positiv, wenn Mitarbeiter aktiv in Job Customization einbezogen werden. Das Bedürfnis nach Optimierung und das Streben nach Differenzierung von Anderen verstärken den Effekt zusätzlich.

In complex and fast-paced times, management of innovation is suggested to explain the success of an organization, making managing innovation an important topic in strategy, organization and innovation literature. At the same time, the demand for customized solutions is increasing and the customers are becoming more important. A current example of an industry under transformational pressure experiencing this is the materials manufacturing and packaging industry, which this study addresses.  The combined need of increased research within the areas of innovation capabilities, innovation in a low-to-medium technology context and customization makes it difficult to know what innovation strategy to use in order to support customization. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the process of product innovation in a fast-changing market can be managed in order to support customization. Data were collected through a qualitative single case study approach, where semi-structured interviews were conducted within the meal kit and online grocery industry, as well as from different areas within the packaging solutions division within a large incumbent materials and packaging manufacturing company.  The findings indicate that the more a manufacturing provider is able to integrate and coexist an innovation with individual customer's values and needs, the greater is the prospect for adoption. Involving customers also works to better handle fast changing markets and react to changing customer needs. There are possibilities for a manufacturing firm to charge premium prices for customized solutions if the perceived relative advantage is strong enough. Furthermore, the findings in this study indicate the importance of involving the production in an early stage of the product innovation process to ensure that the product is producible and diminish the risk that a new product will be unprofitable. Also, increasing the dialogue between the different functions could enable the organization to work proactively with complementing the current product portfolio with profitable products and counteract the negative consequences of customization. / I komplexa tider med snabba förändringar föreslås innovationsledning kunna förklara framgång för en organisation. Detta gör innovation till ett viktigt ämne inom strategi- , organisations- och innovationslitteratur. Samtidigt ökar efterfrågan på kundanpassade lösningar och kunderna blir allt viktigare. Ett aktuellt exempel på en industri under transformationstryck som upplever detta är materialtillverknings- och förpackningsindustrin, vilken denna studie behandlar.  Det kombinerade behovet av ökad forskning inom områdena innovationsförmåga, innovation för låg-till medelteknologiska företag samt kundanpassning gör det svårt att veta vilken innovationsstrategi som ska användas för att stödja kundanpassade lösningar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att undersöka hur processen för produktinnovation i en snabbt föränderlig marknad kan hanteras för att stödja erbjudandet av kundanpassning. Data samlades in genom en kvalitativ fallstudie, där intervjuer genomfördes inom matkasse och den digitala livsmedelsindustrin samt från olika områden inom förpackningslösningsdivisionen inom ett stort tillverkningsföretag för material och förpackningar.  Resultaten visar att ju mer en tillverkare kan integrera och samexistera en innovation med enskilda kunders värderingar och behov, desto större är möjligheterna för användning av dessa lösningar. Att involvera kunder fungerar också för att bättre hantera föränderliga marknader och reagera på förändrade kundbehov. Det finns möjligheter för ett tillverkningsföretag att ta ut premiumpriser för skräddarsydda lösningar, om den upplevda relativa fördelen är tillräckligt stark. Vidare visar resultaten i denna studie vikten av att involvera produktionen i ett tidigt skede av produktinnovationsprocessen för att säkerställa att produkten är producerad och minska risken för att en ny produkt blir olönsam. Att öka dialogen mellan de olika funktionerna kan också göra det möjligt för organisationen att arbeta proaktivt med att komplettera den nuvarande produktportföljen med lönsamma produkter och motverka de negativa effekterna av kundanpassade lösningar.

Online retailing has grown rapidly and nowadays consumers’ needs become more and more demanding. Mass customization satisfies the need of customers for individuality. However, in order for retailers to offer a satisfying shopping experience, they need to take into account their retail environment. In online retailing, atmospherics play a significant role in consumers’ attitudes towards the store. The present study aims to analyze the role of high task-relevant atmospheric cues, thus those atmospherics that are strongly connected with the shopping goal, such as verbal content, display methods and navigation aids. Furthermore, the author will analyze the effect of the above atmospherics on consumers’ response towards the online mass customization environment. In order for the purpose to be fulfilled, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a purposive sample of ten participants. The results were analyzed based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response model. Finally, high task-relevant atmospheric cues are strongly related to the consumers’ final response by provoking either positive or negative emotions. More specifically, verbal content and display methods have a crucial effect on consumers’ end response. On the other hand, navigation aids contribute to a pleasant online experience but they do not affect final consumers; response significantly. Conclusively, the present study aims to be considered as a useful tool for marketing purposes as it can provide knowledge on how consumers behave in a mass customization online environment in the fashion industry. Such knowledge may appear crucial for professionals who want to meet their customers’ needs directly and effectively.

<p><p>Through interaction with customers, companies can acquire knowledge about- and satisfy the needs of customers. In retailing, the ranges of products are standardized and staffing numbers are scarce. How do companies in retailing deal with adaptation towards their customers given the small staffing numbers? The purpose of this study is to examine if and if so, how companies in the Swedish retailing industry are making adaptations towards their customers and also why these adaptations are being made. To answer this purpose, observations in the retailing industry are conducted and the results show that companies adapt to customers’ needs. However, this is not done through personalization. Finally, this study shows that companies in the retailing industry adapt to their customers mainly through mass-customization.</p></p> / <p><p>Genom interaktion med kunder kan företag skaffa sig kunskap om kundernas behov och tillgodose dessa. Inom dagligvaruhandeln är sortimenten standardiserade och personalstyrkan liten, något som torde missgynna interaktionen mellan parterna. Hur arbetar företag i dagligvaruhandeln med anpassningar till sina kunders behov när personaltätheten är förhållandevis låg? Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och i sådana fall hur ett företag inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln anpassar sig till sina kunders behov, samt varför detta sker. För att besvara syftet görs observationer inom dagligvaruhandeln och resultaten visar att anpassning görs, dock ej personlig anpassning till enskilda kunders behov. Avslutningsvis visar studien att anpassning sker inom dagligvaruhandeln och att detta främst sker genom massanpassning.</p></p> / Betyg: VG

Darbo objektas: rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymas. Darbo tikslas: išsiaiškinti rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymą žmonėms su fizine negalia Kauno miesto baseinuose. Darbo problema: ar yra pritaikytos rekreacinės veiklos fizinę negalią turintiems žmonėms Kauno miesto baseinuose? Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti pagrindinius dokumentus ir teisinius aktus reglamentuojančius rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymą žmonėms su fizine negalia. 2. Išanalizuoti neįgalumo sampratą ir rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymo komponentus žmonėms su fizine negalia. 3. Apžvelgti rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymo ypatumus ir galimybes žmonėms su fizine negalia. 4. Nustatyti rekreacinių veiklų pritaikymą žmonėms su fizine negalia Kauno miesto baseinuose. Darbo išvados ir svarbiausi rezultatai: 1. Lietuvos ir Europos Sąjungos teisiniai aktai ir norminiai dokumentai apibrėžia neįgaliųjų asmenų teises ir pareigas, skatina valstybes keisti požiūrį į neįgaliuosius ir integruoti juos į visuomenę kaip lygiateisius narius. Tai sąlygoja neįgaliųjų augantį pasitikėjimą savimi, leidžia suprasti, kad jie yra naudingi visuomenei ir gali save realizuoti įvairiose gyvenimo srityse, taip pat ir rekreacinėse veiklose. 2. Neįgalumas – dėl asmens kūno sandaros ir funkcijų sutrikimo bei nepalankių aplinkos veiksnių sąveikos atsiradęs ilgalaikis sveikatos būklės pablogėjimas, dalyvavimo visuomenės gyvenime ir veiklos galimybių sumažėjimas. Remiantis moksline literatūra buvo analizuojami rekreacinių veiklų komponentai: aplinkos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: recreational activities adaptation. Purpose: find out recreational activities for people with physical disabilities in the Kaunas city pools. Problem: or recreational activities are adapted for people with physical disabilities in the Kaunas city pools? Tasks: 1. Discuss the key legal documents and regulations governing recreational activities for people with physical disabilities. 2. To analyze the concept of disability and recreational activities adaptation components for people with physical disabilities. 3. To review recreational activities customization features and opportunities for people with physical disabilities. 4. Identify recreational activities for people with physical disabilities in the Kaunas city pools. Conclusions: 1. Lithuania and the European Union legal acts and normative documents defines the rights of persons with disabilities and duties, encourages states to change attitudes towards people with disabilities and to integrate them into society as equal members. This leads to a growing self-confidence of people with disabilities, suggests that they are useful to the public and to realize their potential in various areas of life, as well as recreational activities. 2. Disability - a person's body structure and dysfunction and adverse environmental factors caused long-term health deterioration, participation and performance opportunities for reduction. Taking into account the needs of the disabled medical model was replaced by the... [to full text]

How firms facing environmental uncertainty should organize their activities remains an important and challenging question for today's managers and organizational researchers. Proponents of contingency theory have argued that organizations must adjust their activities to fit the level of environmental uncertainty to ensure long-term survival. Although much work has been done on contingency theory, it is clear that our understanding of uncertainty is far from complete. One important aspect of today's organizations is their focus on service, mass customization, and continuous innovation. This focus often results in the customer being brought either into the organization or at least into closer contact with it. Even though the literature provides numerous evidences of the increasing customer focus, it is yet to empirically explain how the complications of customer-organizational interactions might create uncertainty for contemporary organizations. The traditional measure of uncertainty still considers customers as an environmental factor causing demand uncertainty while ignoring the complex nature of customer and organizational encounters. Seeking to further refine the concept of uncertainty and focusing on the contemporary business phenomena, this study develops measures aspects of customer induced uncertainty and examines their relationships with three organizational design variables. Specifically, this study explains the complicated nature of customer - organizational encounters that creates organizational uncertainty. Also, this study develops three operational measurement instruments for the three aspects of customer induced uncertainty. Finally, this study shows specific relationships between aspects of customer induced uncertainty and specific organizational design variables. This study conducted a mail survey of middle level managers. With a sample size of 118 the measurement instruments were shown to have validity and reliability using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. Regression analyses indicate the presence of specific rather than general relationship between customer induced uncertainty variables and organizational design variables. Regression results suggested that the relationships between customer induced uncertainty variable and design variables were depended on the specific combination. For example, Customer acquisitiveness was negatively related to formalization where as Customer importance was positively related to professionalism. Results also suggested a possible positive relationship between decentralization and customer induced ambiguity. Although not without limitations, this study improves our understanding of contemporary environmental uncertainty. Moreover, it provides preliminary measurement instruments of customer induced uncertainty variables for numerous future studies. Overall, this study is a preliminary step toward further understanding of the uncertainty-design contingencies of contemporary and future organizations.

Anpassningar i ett affärssystem är en komplex och problematisk process. Det är en utmaning för systemleverantörer att utveckla ett system som matchar organisationers behov och som inte kräver anpassning. Många kundorganisationer är i behov av att genomföra kundspecifika anpassningar i sitt system på grund av saknad funktionalitet. Systemleverantörer kan bemöta kunders behov på olika sätt där anpassning av kunders standardsystem kan genomföras. Är inte behovet av en anpassning genomförbar kan det krävas ändring av kundens affärsprocesser. Studien syftar till att bidra med kunskap om hur systemleverantörer arbetar med kunders önskemål om anpassningar i affärssystem. Studiens resultat beskriver hur systemleverantörer bemöter den problematik litteraturen redogör. Det presenteras även en specifik process för hur systemleverantörer kan arbeta med anpassningar.

精品定製在中國漸成一種潮流。目前的精品定製服務大多只停留在線下，消費者會遇到一些問題，例如不了解自己的定製品是否為真，是否是真的限量，以及定製的進展。為解決這些的問題，本研究提出建立一個精品定製O2O（ONLINE TO OFFLINE）平台,透過將線上和線下服務整合，讓消費者能在網上看到自己定製品的稀缺性，掌握整個定製過程，獲得尊貴的體驗。由於篇幅有限，本研究首先圍繞定製手錶提出了一套創新的定製服務模式。手錶定製的模式未來也可以擴展到其他精品的定製中。 為了找出可行的商業模式，本專案透過競爭者分析、需求分析，梳理了目前定製市場的供求現況，參考了競爭品牌的定制產品，提出了先切入個人定製和系列錶定製系列市場，採用模塊化+自由化定製的解決方案。并通過次級資料分析和業者訪談的方式，找出了市場總體需求以及消費者需求特點。最後，在參考了專家意見后，本研究提出了O2O定製的服務模式，其中包括消費者的服務流程、平台基礎設施、IP交易製度以及獲利機制。 / High-end products customization is becoming a trend in China. Currently most of the customization service is offline. Customers will be confronted with some problems, such as the authenticity of customized products, exclusivity and the process of ongoing customization. This research proposed a high-end O2O（ONLINE TO OFFLINE） customization platform in order to solve these problems. By integrating online and offline service, customers can find out the exclusivity of their orders, follow the customization process and get honored experience. Due to the length limitation of this thesis, this research will theme on an innovative model for high-end customized watch. This model can be applied to other customized products afterwards. In order to find out feasible business model, this research sorts out the present supply-demand situation, referring to competitors’ customized products, coming up with a direction of combining modularization and free customization. Moreover, by collecting and analyzing second hand data and interviewing, demand condition of the whole market and features of demand are found out. In the end, after referring to the opinions of industry experts, this research brings forward an O2O customization model, including service workflow, platform infrastructure, IP transaction institution and profiting mechanism.

[pt] Apresentada atualmente como importante para a vantagem competitiva das empresas, a adoção da customização em massa de seus produtos, como estratégia de marketing aplicada para atingir as necessidades individuais de cada consumidor, tem sido adotada por diversas empresas, nos mais diferentes segmentos da indústria. Para tal, essas empresas, entre outras ações, têm aplicado estratégias específicas de postponement em suas cadeias de logística e de suprimentos, como meio de enfrentar possíveis transtornos que uma produção em massa de produtos com características personalizadas submete à empresa. Resistindo a essa tendência de mercado, as construtoras e incorporadoras de edifícios de apartamentos atuantes no município do Rio de Janeiro continuam oferecendo seus apartamentos sem qualquer detalhe personalizado pelo cliente. O cliente, para adequar o apartamento as suas necessidades, aguarda a entrega das chaves para realizar as modificações que achar necessárias. Partindo desse cenário, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo examinar as razões que levam as empresas construtoras e incorporadoras de edifícios de apartamentos a não ofertarem plantas flexíveis de apartamentos. Toma por base o mercado imobiliário de novos apartamentos do município do Rio de Janeiro. Neste contexto, busca explorar aspectos mercadológicos, legais e técnicos que podem afetar a implementação da técnica de postponement no setor de construção de edifícios de apartamentos. Para tanto, foi realizada uma extensa investigação na literatura, bem como um levantamento em campo junto a especialistas na área, e levantados dados a respeito de aspectos legais que norteiam os projetos de apartamentos, da percepção dos consumidores em relação à possibilidade de disporem de uma oferta de apartamentos com plantas flexíveis e também de características que definem a cadeia logística e de suprimentos do setor de construção de edifícios de apartamentos. / [en] Presented nowadays as important for the competitive advantage of the companies, the adoption of mass customization of products, as marketing strategy applied to reach the individual needs of each consumer, has been adopted by several companies in the most different sectors of the industry. For such, these companies, among others actions, have been applying specific strategies of postponement in its logistics and supply chains, as a way of facing possible upsets a products mass production with personalized characteristics presents to a company. Resisting to this market trend, the construction companies and incorporators of buildings of apartments in Rio de Janeiro`s municipal district continue offering its apartments without any customized detail. So, in order to adapt the apartment to his needs, the client waits the delivery of the keys to perform the changes that might be necessary. From this scenary, this research aim to examine the viability of application of postponement on supply chain of the construction companies and incorporators of buildings of apartments. It is based on the real state market of new apartments of the municipal district of Rio de Janeiro. In this context, seeks to explore marketing, legal and technical aspects which can affect the implementation of postponement technique in the section of construction of apartaments buildings. In order to achieve this, it was performed a widespread investigation in the literature, interviews with specialists in the area, and data was gathered concerning the legal aspects which lead the apartments projects, the consumers` perception regarding the possibility of having an apartment offer with flexible plants and also the characteristics that define the logistics and supplies chains of the buildings` apartaments construction sector.