Graduation date: 1998

Lupin seed has the potential to be used as a protein supplement in ruminant rations, but its usage is restricted by the presence of alkaloids. Experiments were conducted with the aim of determining whether the removal of specific toxic alkaloids, lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine, from crushed lupin seed (CLS) would improve the organic matter intake (OMI) and average daily gains (ADG) in lambs, and also improve the lactation performance in dairy cows. Effects on liver function in lambs were also investigated. An additional study on the effects of the detoxification of CLS on the degradation of protein was conducted. In Experiment 1, 30 growing Corriedale lambs were fed five diets for 105 d according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six blocks. Two diets contained intact CLS at 15% (LUI-15) or 30% (LUI-30) of DM; two other diets contained detoxified CLS at 15% (LUD-15) or 30% (LUD-30) and the control (CON) diet was supplemented with crushed sunflower seed, which was locally prepared, on-farm. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (16% CP). The alkaloid content (lupanine and 13-OH lupanine) of the diets was.31,.70,.21 and.52% for LUI-15, LUI-30, LUD-15 and LUD-30, respectively. Thus, diets containing detoxified CLS contained approximately 30% less alkaloids than those with intact CLS. Estimates of ADG of lambs fed diets containing detoxified CLS was higher (P $<$.01) (120 g.d$ sp{-1}$) than that of lambs fed intact CLS (76 g.d$ sp{-1}$). The OMI (73 g/Wkg$ sp{0.75}$) was also higher, although not significantly, for lambs fed diets containing detoxified CLS. Feed conversion efficiency was increased (P $<$.05) by the detoxification of CLS. Lambs fed diets containing intact CLS consumed more OMI as time progressed, suggesting that adaptation to CLS might have occurred. Lambs fed diets containing intact CLS demonstrated increased trends in the activity in plasma of the enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and $ gamma$-glutamyl transfer

Darbo tikslas: ištirti mišrūnų ėriukų augimo spartą, gaunamos produkcijos kiekį ir kokybę bei šiuos duomenis palyginti su grynaveislių Romanovo veislės ėriukų produktyvumu. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti grynaveislių Romanovo ir RxBD mišrūnų ėriukų augimo spartą; 2. Palyginti Romanovo ir RxBD mišrūnų ėriukų skerdimo duomenis; 3. Ištirti Romanovo ir RxBD mišrūnų ėriukų mėsos fizines ir chemines savybes; 4. Ištirti ėriavedžių pieno sudėtį; 5. Ištirti Romanovo ir RxBD mišrūnų vilnos fizines ir technines savybes Išvados: 1. Gimusių RxBD mišrūnų veislės ėriukų svoris buvo 2,09 kg arba 151 proc. (P>0,05) didesnis nei grynaveislių R ėriukų. 2. Laikotarpiu nuo 5 iki 8 amžiaus mėn. Romanovo ir Berišon diušer mišrūnai ėriukai priaugo vidutiniškai 5,68 kg, arba 36,41 proc. daugiau (P<0,001) nei grynaveisliai Romanovo ėriukai. 3. Didžiausias svorio skirtumas, tiek tarp avyčių, tiek tarp avinukų yra pastebimas 7 – 8 jų gyvenimo mėnesį. 7 mėnesių amžiaus R veislės avytės svėrė 7,91 kg arba 25,6 proc. mažiau (P<0,01) negu bendraamžės mišrūnės, atitinkamai avinukai svėrė – 10,05 kg arba 31,4 proc. mažiau. 4. Lytis turėjo didesnę įtaką RxBD negu R ėriukams. Aštuonių mėnesių amžiaus R avinukai buvo 7,06 kg arba 20,63 proc. sunkesni už avytes, o RxBD avinukai buvo 11,23 kg arba 26,11 proc. (P<0,05) sunkesni už avytes. 5. Per laikotarpį nuo 6 iki 7 mėnesio amžiaus išryškėjo didžiausias priesvorio per parą skirtumas tarp R ir RxBD ėriukų. Mišrūnai per parą prisaugo 77 g arba 53,5 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The objective of the thesis : to analyse crossbred lamb growth speed, the amount and quality of production gained and to compare this data with the productivity of thoroughbred R lambs. Tasks of the thesis: 1. To analyse growth speed of thoroughbred Romanov and RxBD crossbred lambs. 2. To compare data of thoroughbred Romanov and RxBD crossbred lamb butchery data. 3. To analyse physical and chemical qualities of thoroughbred Romanov and RxBD crossbred lamb meat. 4. To analyse composition of ewe milk. 5. To analyse the physical and technical properties of thoroughbred Romanov and RxBD crossbred lamb wool. In the period 2011- in the farm of A. Krivelis the productivity and production quality of Romanov and Romanov x Berišon Dusher crossbreed lambs was analysed. It has been found that the weight of crossbred lambs is greater. The average weight of born crossbred lambs amounted to 3.47 kg or 2.09 kg or was 151 %. (P>0.05) greater than the average weight of thoroughbred lambs. The weight of lambs on the 21st day after birth is an important indicator since according to it the milk productivity of the ewe can be determined. During this period both Romanov lambs and crossbred lambs gained a similar amount of weight: accordingly 3.78 kg and 3.68 kg, however, as the weight of newborn lambs had differed significantly, the difference on the 21st day after birth amounted to 39 % (P<0.05). Therefore, after 8 months the difference of average weight between RxBD and thoroughbred Romanov... [to full text]

Thesis (MSc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an extensive (free-range) and intensive (feedlot) production system on the consumer’s intrinsic preference cues (physical attributes, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, aroma, flavour, initial juiciness, sustained juiciness, first bite, residue, instrumental tenderness) for three muscles (Biceps femoris, Longissimus dorsi, Semimembranosus) of Dohne Merino lambs (8 months). Secondly to investigate the effect of natural exercise (grazing, extensive production systems) or restrictive movement (intensive production systems), on the muscle fiber type composition of the same lamb muscles and the subsequent effect on the meat quality characteristics. Intensively raised lambs produced carcasses with a significantly higher dressing percentage, thicker subcutaneous fat layer (13th rib and 3rd/4th lumbar vertebra) and a greater fat ratio (carcass composition). Meat of intensively raised lambs had a higher (p < 0.050) Homo-glinolenic (C20:3n6), Eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3), Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n3) content and n3:n6 ratio. Extensively reared lambs had a higher (p < 0.050) slaughter weight, cold carcass weight and the meat of these lambs had a higher myoglobin content. Results of this study indicate that intensively reared lambs produced meat with more favourable sensory characteristics compared to the extensive production system as well as a significant increase in sensory tenderness for Biceps femoris muscle. Overall the Biceps femoris muscle was the muscle that was primarily affected by the treatment (production systems). The Biceps femoris from intensively raised lambs contained significantly more intramuscular fat and type IIB muscle fibers whereas the Bicpes femoris of the lambs from the extensive production system contained more (p < 0.050) insoluble collagen and type I muscle fibers. During texture profile analysis (instrumental tenderness test) the Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus of extensively raised lambs required a higher (p < 0.050) compression force during the first cycle of compression, indicating that these muscles are tougher. The results of this study provided valuable insight into the impact of production systems on lamb meat quality and that the application of intensive production systems will increase the sensory characteristics of the selected muscles from Dohne Merino lambs, especially the tenderness of the Biceps femoris, which has a high retail value. On the other hand health conscious consumers will prefer extensively produced meat due to the favourable n3:n6 ratio, intramuscular fat content and the presences of less visible fat (subcutaneous). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was tweedoelig en is uitgevoer op die Biceps femoris, Longissimus dorsi en Semimembranosus spiere van Dohne Merino lammers (8 maande oud). Die eerste doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat die effek van ‘n ekstensiewe (weiding) en intensiewe produksie sisteem sal wees op vleis verbruikers se algemene kwaliteit voorkeure (fisiese eienskappe, chemiese samestelling, vetsuur profile, aroma, smaak, sappigheid, taaiheid,). Tweedens om te bepaal tot watse mate natuurlike oefening, verkry deur weiding asook beperkte beweging as gevolg van voerkraal omstandighede, die spier vesel tipe samestelling sal verander en die direkte impak van die samestelling op kwaliteit eienskappe van vleis. Lammers van die intensiewe produksie sisteem het ‘n betekenisvolle verhoging in uitslagpersentasie, onderhuidse vet dikte (13de rib en 3de/4de lende werwel) en vet ratio (karkas samestelling) getoon. Die vleis van die lammers het meer (p < 0.050) C20:3n6, C20:5n3 en C22:5n3 vetsure bevat asook ‘n hoër n3:n6 ratio gehad. Lammers van die ekstensiewe produksie sisteem het ‘n betekenisvolle hoër slag en koue karkas gewig gehad. Die vleis van die lammers het meer (p < 0.050) mioglobien bevat as intensiewe lammers. Resultate van die studie dui aan dat die vleis van lammer van die intensiewe produksie sisteem meer gunstige sensories karakteristiek produseer in vergelyking met lammers van die ekstensiewe produksie sisteem, asook ‘n betekenisvolle verhoging in sensoriese sagtheid van die Biceps femoris spier. Die Biceps femoris was die spier in die studie wat die meeste geaffekteer was deur die behandeling (produksie sisteme). Die Biceps femoris spier van intensiewe lammers het meer intramuskulêre vet en tipe IIB spier vesels bevat teenoor die Biceps femoris van ekstensiewe lammers wat meer onoplosbare kollageen en tipe I spier vesels bevat het. Gedurende die tekstuur profiel analise (instrumentele sagtheid toets) het die Longissimus dorsi en Semimembranosus van ekstensiewe lammers a hoër kompressie krag vereis, wat aandui dat die spiere taaier is as die ooreenstemmende spiere van intensiewe lammers. Die resultate van die studie voorsien ons met waardevolle insig in die inpak van verskeie produksie sisteme op die kwaliteit van lams vleis. Die afleiding kan gemaak word dat die implementering van intensiewe produksie sisteem die sensoriese kwaliteit van die spiere van Dohne Merino lammers verbeter, veral die sagtheid van die Biceps femoris spier, wat ‘n hoë kommersiële waarde het. Laastens, gesondheidsbewus verbruikers sal verkies om vleis te koop van ekstensiewe lammers weens die gunstige n3:n6 ratio, spier vetinhoud en die minder sigbare vet (onderhuidse vet) op die vleis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000736807.pdf: 1247570 bytes, checksum: f8629cf4f548b4f226b0f285acb4bc83 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos animais e as características físico-químicas, sensoriais e nutricionais da carne de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo 0; 12,5 e 25,0% de feno de amoreira em substituição ao concentrado. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro cordeiros Ile de France, com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 15 kg de peso corporal, confinados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 32 kg. O consumo voluntário de nutrientes (kg/dia) não foi afetado pela inclusão de feno de amoreira no concentrado, com exceção do extrato etéreo que apresentou redução linear. Os dias em confinamento (66), ganho de peso diário (253,33 g), conversão alimentar (3,19) e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes não diferiam entre os tratamentos, embora houve aumento na excreção de nitrogênio nas fezes e redução na síntese de proteína microbiana. A inclusão de feno de amoreira na dieta não influenciou o pH da carne aos 45 min (6,45) e 24 horas (5,40) após o abate, a cor (40,85 para L*, 14,51 para a* e 4,17 para b*) às 24 horas após o abate, a capacidade de retenção de água (58,03%), a perda de peso por cozimento (41,95%), a força de cisalhamento (2,80 kgf/cm2), o comprimento do sarcômero (1,60 μm) e a análise sensorial. A composição centesimal (75,79% de umidade, 20,86% de proteína, 2,29% de gordura e 1,05% de minerais) e o teor de colesterol (36,07 mg/100 g carne) da carne não foram alterados. Houve aumento linear na concentração dos ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e polinsaturados à medida que a inclusão de feno de amoreira aumentou na dieta, e efeito quadrático na concentração do ácido graxo linoleico conjugado (CLA) que apresentou valor máximo de 0,59% com inclusão de 12,56% de feno de amoreira. A inclusão de feno de amoreira na dieta elevou a concentração de ômega-3 e reduziu a relação ômega 6:ômega 3. O feno de amoreira em... / This trial aimed to evaluate performance of the animal, microbial protein synthesis and physicochemical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of lamb meat fed diets containing 0, 12.5 and 25.0% of mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Feedlot of twenty four Ile de France lambs, average age 60 days and body weight 15 kg, were distributed in individual stall and slaughtered with 32 kg BW. Feed intake (kg/day) was not affected by the inclusion of mulberry hay in the concentrate, with exception of ether extract that shown linear reduction. Feedlot period (66 days), daily weight gain (253.33 g), feed conversion ratio (3.19) and nutrients digestibility were not affected, however there was an increase in nitrogen excretion in feces and reduced microbial protein synthesis. Inclusion of mulberry hay in the concentrate did not change meat pH at 45 min (6.45) and 24 hours (5.40) after slaughter, and the meat color for luminosity 40.85 for L*; 14.51 for a* and 4.17 for b*, 24 hours after slaughter. No change on water-holding capacity (58.03%), weight of loss during cooking (41.95%), shear force (2.80 kgf/cm2), sarcomere length (1.60 μm), and meat sensory analysis. The centesimal composition (75.79% moisture, 20.86% protein, 2.29% fat and 1.05% minerals), and meat cholesterol content (36.07 mg/100 g) were not affected. The inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diet increase saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration, and conjugated linoleic fatty acids (CLA) concentrations shown maximum quadratic effect value of 0.59% with mulberry hay inclusions of 12.56%. Mulberry hay in lambs diet increase omega-3 concentration and decrease Omega 6:Omega 3 ratio. Mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate improved meat nutritional characteristics, and is a good alternative of source of nutrients for feedlot finishing lambs

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ortiz_js_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 233113 bytes, checksum: e2f5b280eca34f04cda10253a62b2d41 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O experimento foi desenvolvido no setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade de Marília com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de suplementação alimentar com ração contendo 25% de PB e 3,18 Mcal EM/kg/MS para cordeiras criadas em pastagem com comedouro privativo sobre o peso e desempenho em distintas idades, bem como o inicio da puberdade e desempenho reprodutivo. Foram utilizadas 21 cordeiras Suffolk oriundas de parto simples, divididas em 3 lotes experimentais, sem e com suplementação, alimentadas do nascimento ao desmame em comedouros privativos com 2 níveis de ingestão de concentrado (300 e 600 g/dia) fornecido uma vez ao dia com o registro das sobras diárias. As cordeiras foram identificadas, pesadas ao nascimento e a cada 30 dias, permanecendo com suas mães até o desmame, pré-estabelecido em 60 dias. Não houve diferenças significativas para peso e ganho médio de peso diário aos 30 dias de idade, demonstrando que os níveis de ingestão não influenciaram os parâmetros analisados. O peso e ganho médio de peso diário foram influenciados pelo nível de suplementação alimentar. O lote com consumo de 600 gramas mostrou desempenho superior aos outros dois lotes aos 60 e 120 dias de idade. Para os lotes de 300 gramas e sem suplementação não houve diferença para os parâmetros analisados. A disponibilidade de 600 gramas diários de concentrado contendo 25% de PB e 3,18 Mcal de EM/kg/MS para as cordeiras até o desmame promoveu maior ganho médio de peso diário aos 60 e 120 dias de vida e melhor desempenho reprodutivo no 2º ano de cobertura. / The experiment was developed in the Sheep Production Department at University of Marília, wich aim was to evaluate the effects of the levels of the food supplies (without supplies, 300, 600 g of concentrate/day) with concentrate containing 25% of CP and 3,18 Mcal ME/kg/DM for females lambs raised in pasture with creep feeding about weight and acting in different ages, as well as the beginning of puberty and reproductive performance. The subjects were 21 female lambs Suffolk breed proceeding from simple birth which were divided into 3 experiment lots, fed from birth up to weaning in creep feeding with 2 levels of ingestion of concentrated (without supplied, 300 and 600 g/concentrate/day) given once a day by recording daily leftovers. The female lambs were identified weighed soon after birth and then, weighed every 30 days, remaining with their mothers up to weaning, pre established for 60 days. There was no significant difference for weight and medium gain of weight daily at 30 days of age, showing that the levels of ingestion did not influence the analyzed parameters. The weight and medium gain of daily weight were influenced for the level of food supplied, the lot consuming of 600 g showed performance greater than the other 2 lots at 60 and 120 days of age. For the lots of 300 g and without supplied there was no significant differences for the analyzed parameters. The availability of 600 g concentrated daily containing 25% of CP and 3,18 Mcal of ME/kg/DM for the female lambs up to weaning resulted in higher medium gain of weight daily at age of 60 and 120 days, as well as better reproductive performance in the 2º year of animal copulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 790188 bytes, checksum: 1cb94f6a1ebb6d10f561e9184b3f44f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-11 / The main objective of this work was used the cluster analysis in order to classify nonlinear growth models in relation to different quality fit evaluators when utilized data from the following beef lambs genetic groups: Dorper x Morada Nova (DMN), Dorper x Rabo Largo (DRL) e Dorper x Santa Inês (DSI). After the choice of the best model, we aimed also apply the model identity in order to identify the most efficient group. The proposed methodology was considered in two experimental conditions: with repetitions, using data of all animals from each group; and without repetitions, using average data from each group. Twelve nonlinear models were used, whose fit quality was measured by determination coefficient (R2 aj), Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), mean quadratic error of prediction (MEP) and predicted determination coefficient (R2 p). The Richards and von Bertalanffy models, respectively, presented the best fit for the mean and individual data sets. The model identity tests revealed that the DSI group presented higher adult weight, therefore this group is recommend for meat production. / O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi utilizar a análise de agrupamento para classificar modelos de crescimento não-lineares tendo em vista os resultados de diferentes avaliadores de qualidade de ajuste ao considerar dados dos seguintes grupos genéticos de ovinos de corte: Dorper x Morada Nova (DMN), Dorper x Rabo Largo (DRL) e Dorper x Santa Inês (DSI). Após a indicação do modelo comum adequado aos três grupos, objetivou-se também aplicar a identidade de modelos com o intuito de identificar o grupo genético com maior eficiência de crescimento. Toda a metodologia foi aplicada a duas situações experimentais distintas: com repetição, considerando todos os animais de cada grupo genético, e sem repetição, considerando dados médios de cada um destes grupos. Ajustaram-se doze modelos não-lineares, cuja qualidade de ajuste foi medida pelo coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R2 aj), critério de informação de Akaike (AIC), critério de informação Bayesiano (BIC), erro quadrático médio de predição (MEP) e coeficiente de determinação de predição (R2 p). Os modelos Richards e von Bertalanffy foram, respectivamente, os que apresentaram os melhores ajustes para os conjuntos de dados médios e individuais. De acordo com testes de identidade de modelos, o grupo genético DSI foi o que apresentou maior peso adulto, sendo este, portanto, o mais recomendado para exploração de carne.

Resumo: O experimento foi desenvolvido no setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade de Marília com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de suplementação alimentar com ração contendo 25% de PB e 3,18 Mcal EM/kg/MS para cordeiras criadas em pastagem com comedouro privativo sobre o peso e desempenho em distintas idades, bem como o inicio da puberdade e desempenho reprodutivo. Foram utilizadas 21 cordeiras Suffolk oriundas de parto simples, divididas em 3 lotes experimentais, sem e com suplementação, alimentadas do nascimento ao desmame em comedouros privativos com 2 níveis de ingestão de concentrado (300 e 600 g/dia) fornecido uma vez ao dia com o registro das sobras diárias. As cordeiras foram identificadas, pesadas ao nascimento e a cada 30 dias, permanecendo com suas mães até o desmame, pré-estabelecido em 60 dias. Não houve diferenças significativas para peso e ganho médio de peso diário aos 30 dias de idade, demonstrando que os níveis de ingestão não influenciaram os parâmetros analisados. O peso e ganho médio de peso diário foram influenciados pelo nível de suplementação alimentar. O lote com consumo de 600 gramas mostrou desempenho superior aos outros dois lotes aos 60 e 120 dias de idade. Para os lotes de 300 gramas e sem suplementação não houve diferença para os parâmetros analisados. A disponibilidade de 600 gramas diários de concentrado contendo 25% de PB e 3,18 Mcal de EM/kg/MS para as cordeiras até o desmame promoveu maior ganho médio de peso diário aos 60 e 120 dias de vida e melhor desempenho reprodutivo no 2º ano de cobertura. / Abstract: The experiment was developed in the Sheep Production Department at University of Marília, wich aim was to evaluate the effects of the levels of the food supplies (without supplies, 300, 600 g of concentrate/day) with concentrate containing 25% of CP and 3,18 Mcal ME/kg/DM for females lambs raised in pasture with creep feeding about weight and acting in different ages, as well as the beginning of puberty and reproductive performance. The subjects were 21 female lambs Suffolk breed proceeding from simple birth which were divided into 3 experiment lots, fed from birth up to weaning in creep feeding with 2 levels of ingestion of concentrated (without supplied, 300 and 600 g/concentrate/day) given once a day by recording daily leftovers. The female lambs were identified weighed soon after birth and then, weighed every 30 days, remaining with their mothers up to weaning, pre established for 60 days. There was no significant difference for weight and medium gain of weight daily at 30 days of age, showing that the levels of ingestion did not influence the analyzed parameters. The weight and medium gain of daily weight were influenced for the level of food supplied, the lot consuming of 600 g showed performance greater than the other 2 lots at 60 and 120 days of age. For the lots of 300 g and without supplied there was no significant differences for the analyzed parameters. The availability of 600 g concentrated daily containing 25% of CP and 3,18 Mcal of ME/kg/DM for the female lambs up to weaning resulted in higher medium gain of weight daily at age of 60 and 120 days, as well as better reproductive performance in the 2º year of animal copulation. / Orientador: Ciniro Costa / Coorientador: Cledson Augusto Garcia / Banca: Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles / Banca: Katia de Oliveira / Banca: Rodolfo Claudio Spers / Banca: Wagner Reis / Doutor

O estudo foi realizado no Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA -Kampenaike, Punta Arenas, Chile (52°42'17"S 70°55'20"W), com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da elevada ingestão de NaCl (sal) por ovelhas Corriedale sobre a limitação do consumo voluntário, a capacidade ovulatória, produção e composição de colostro e leite e crescimento de seus respectivos cordeiros. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (dietas com dois níveis de inclusão de sal e dois níveis de concentrado, determinados pelos dois níveis de sal). No primeiro estudo, 40 fêmeas de fertilidade comprovada, tiveram o ciclo estral sincronizado e foram bloqueadas de acordo com o peso vivo e escore de condição corporal em quatro tratamentos: 17 ou 22% de sal agregado ao alimento concentrado e seus dois respectivos homólogos sem sal (recebendo a mesma quantidade de alimento concentrado consumida nos tratamentos com sal). Os animais foram suplementados por um ciclo estral e posteriormente realizou-se ultrassonografia para aferição da taxa ovulatória. No segundo experimento, 24 ovelhas com 122 dias de gestação e comprovadamente portando cordeiros gêmeos, foram alocadas em quatro tratamentos dispostos em dois pares: 13 ou 17% de sal agregado ao alimento concentrado e seus dois respectivos homólogos sem sal com similar consumo de alimento concentrado. Os tratamentos foram aplicados por 21 dias prévios a data de parto até os 21 dias pós parto. Água e volumoso estavam disponíveis de forma ad libitum nos dois experimentos. Em ambos estudos foram coletadas, de todas as ovelhas, amostras de sangue para descrição do status do perfil proteico e energético. O consumo de concentrado foi inferior em animais com superior proporção de sal na dieta, porém, estes consumiram maiores volumes de água. A elevada ingestão de sal não alterou a taxa ovulatória, produção de colostro ou leite, peso ao nascimento ou crescimento dos cordeiros. Conversão alimentar e peso ao desmame dos cordeiros foi similar entre os tratamentos pareados. Peso vivo e escore de condição corporal das ovelhas não se diferenciaram entre os tratamentos nos distintos experimento. O perfil plasmático sofreu pequenas alterações e todos os animais se mantiveram dentro de limites fisiológicos considerados normais para a espécie. Assim sendo, não há evidências de comprometimento da capacidade reprodutiva de ovelhas adultas consumindo altos níveis de NaCl agregado ao alimento concentrado. / Kampenaike, Punta Arenas, Chile (52°42'17"S 70°55'20"W), to evaluate the effects of high intake of NaCl (salt) of Corriedale ewes on limitation of voluntary intake, ovulatory capacity, production and composition of colostrum and milk, as well as growth of their lambs. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design, with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments (diets with two inclusion levels of salt and two levels of concentrate, determined by the two levels of salt). In a first experiment, forty ewes of proven fertility were synchronized estrus and blocked according to body weight and body condition score in four treatments: 17 and 22% of salt added to concentrate and its two homologues without salt (fed the same amount of the commercial concentrate as their paired salt counterparts). Ewes were supplemented for an estrus cycle and, subsequently, the ovulatory rate measured by ultrasound. In the second experiment, twenty-four ewes with 122 days of gestation and carrying twins were allocated to four treatments: 13 and 17% of salt added to concentrate and its two homologues without salt (fed the same amount of the commercial concentrate as their paired salt counterparts). Treatments were applied for 21 days before lambing to 21 days after lambing. Water and roughage were provided ad libitum in both experiments. In both studies blood samples were collected to evaluate the proteic and energetic profile. Concentrate intake was less in ewes with superior proportion of salt in the diet, however, they drank higher volumes of water. The higher ingestion of salt did not change ovulatory rate, colostrum and milk production, weight at weaning and growth of lambs. Feed conversion ratio and weight of lambs at weaning were similar between paired treatments. Ewes body weight and body condition score did not differ among treatments in both experiments. Plasmatic profile had variation but it remained within physiological limits considered normal for the specie. Therefore, there impairment of the reproductive capacity of ewes with high inta kise noof N eavCidl ewnitche t hoef concentrate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoNLA_DISSERT.pdf: 871109 bytes, checksum: c82df3f879521a5c99ccf5bef881c54b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Two studies were conducted to evaluate effects of corn grain replacement with passion fruit by-product (PFB) in finishing lambs on feed intake, feedlot performance, carcass traits and digestibility. In study 1, 20 Morada Nova ram lambs (15,4±1,4kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: isonitrogenous (19% CP) experimental diets contained 30% Tifton-85 bermudagrass hay and 70% concentrate (soybean meal, wheat meal, corn and 0, 25, 50, or 75% PFB). Over a period of 21 d, lambs were housed in digestibility cages (14 d adaptation and 7 d data collection) and DM, CP and NDF digestibilities estimated by total fecal collection technique. In the study 2, 32 Morada Nova ram lambs (22.4 ± 3.2 kg BW) were housed in individual pens and assigned to a randomized block design (initial BW) and fed the same diets of study 1 for 78 d (14 d adaptation and 64 d data collection). DM and nutrient intakes, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed (G:F) were evaluated and after slaughter (32 kg), yields of hot carcass (HCY) and cold carcass (CCY) were calculated. Data from study 1 were analyzed using the procedure of SISVAR and means were compared with Tukey test (P < 0.05). For the study 2, data were analyzed with MIXED procedure with each animal as the experimental unit, and model effects included block and treatment. DM and CP digestibilities were not affected by PFB when it was added up to 50% (74.98 ± 2.0 and 77.38 ± 2.8%, respectively; P > 0.05). However, DM and CP digestibilities decreased in 75% PFB diet (69.7 ± 0.7 and 72.5 ± 1.1%, respectively). NDF digestibility was unaffected by treatments (P > 0.05), averaging 49.4 ± 3.4%. There were no differences in DM and digestible nutrient intakes (P > 0.05). No differences were evidenced (P > 0.05) in ADG (152 ± 0.03 g), G:F (0.147 ± 0.01 kg), HCY (46.6 ± 1.0%) and CCY (45.0 ± 1.0%). The data indicate that although passion fruit by-product decreases diets DM and CP digestibility, it is a suitable replacement for corn grain in diets for feedlot lambs when used at up to 75% / Dois estudos foram realizados para avaliar os efeitos da substituição do milho com subproduto do maracujá (SPM) na terminação de cordeiros sobre a digestibilidade, consumo, desempenho em confinamento e características de carcaça. No primeiro estudo, 20 cordeiros Morada Nova (15,4±1,4kg PC) foram usados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos: as dietas experimentais isonitrogenadas (19% PB) continham 30% feno Tifton-85 e 70% de concentrado (farelo de soja , farinha de trigo, milho e 0, 25, 50, ou 75% SPM. Durante um período de 21 dias, os cordeiros foram alojados em gaiolas de digestibilidade (adaptação 14 dias e 7 dias de colheita de dados) sendo a digestibilidade da MS, PB e FDN estimados pela técnica de coleta total de fezes. No segundo estudo, 32 cordeiros Morada Nova (22,4 ± 3,2 kg PC) foram alojados em baias individuais e distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, sendo alimentados com as mesmas dietas do estudo 1 por 78 dias (adaptação 14 dias e 64 dias de colheita de dados). Os consumos de matéria seca (MS) e dos nutrientes digestivos, ganho médio diário (GMD) e eficiência alimentar (EA), rendimentos de carcaça quente (RCQ) e de carcaça fria (RCF) foram avaliados e após o abate foram calculados os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria. Os dados do primeiro estudo foram analisados utilizando o procedimento do SISVAR e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P <0,05). Já os dados do segundo estudo foram analisados com o procedimento MIXED quando cada animal foi considerado uma unidade experimental, e no modelo foram incluídos os efeitos dos blocos e dos tratamentos. A digestibilidade da MS e da PB não foram afetadas pela SPM, quando ela foi adicionada até 50% (74,98 ± 2,0 e 77,38 ± 2,8%, respectivamente; P> 0,05). No entanto, a digestibilidade da MS e PB diminuíram com 75% de SPM na dieta (69,7 ± 0,7 e 72,5 ± 1,1%, respectivamente). A digestibilidade da FDN não foi afetada pelos tratamentos (P> 0,05), com média de 49,4 ± 3,4%. Não houve diferenças nos consumos de MS e de nutrientes digestíveis (P> 0,05). Nenhuma diferença foi evidenciada (P> 0,05) no GMD (152 ± 0,03 g), EA (0,147 ± 0,01 kg), RCQ (46,6 ± 1,0%) e RCF (45,0 ± 1,0%). Os dados indicam que, apesar do subproduto do maracujá diminuir a digestibilidade da MS e da PB das dietas, ele é um substituto adequado ao grão de milho em dietas para cordeiros confinados quando usado em até 75%