論文(碩士)--香港中文大學,1970. / Ms. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 382-391). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 一 --- 绪論 --- p.2 / Chapter 二 --- 康梁二氏與廣學會之接觸及其西學渊源 --- p.22 / Chapter （一） --- 康梁二氏與廣學會之接觸 --- p.22 / Chapter （二） --- 廣學會與康有為之西學 --- p.37 / Chapter （三） --- 廣學會與梁啟超之西學 --- p.46 / Chapter 三 --- 廣學會之提倡西學與鼓吹變法之由容 --- p.62 / Chapter （一） --- 廣學會之組成異萬國公報 --- p.62 / Chapter （二） --- 廣學會之提倡西學 --- p.101 / Chapter （三） --- 廣學會鼓吹變法之內容 --- p.132 / Chapter 四 --- 康梁二代三維新思想 --- p.201 / Chapter （一） --- 康有為之維新思想 --- p.201 / Chapter （二） --- 梁啟超之維新思想 --- p.286 / Chapter （三） --- 康梁二氏維新思想之異同 --- p.248 / Chapter 五 --- 緒論--康梁二代氏之維新思想受廣學會影响之探討 --- p.360 / 附錄--徴引書目 --- p.382

本文主要考察社会主义中国的文化政策经历了怎样的发展变化，并试图回答自1949年以来中国共产党是如何介入与领导当代中国的文化，其文化治理的理论与实践又是如何发展与转变，对文化领域又产生了怎样的影响。 / 与只对政策文件进行解读的传统政策研究不同，本研究采用文化的政治经济学和文化社会学取经，结合宏观与微观、观念与实践两个层面，对上述问题进行考察与分析，从而梳理出中国文化政策发展变化的历史脉络。除了对中共制订的政策文件及主要思想理论进行梳理与分析外，本文选取了代表中国社会主义国家特色的上海市工人文化宮及其话剧生产为个案研究对象，通过文献研究、实地考察、深度访谈、历史比较分析等方法，具体深入地考察文化主体与文化政策之间的关系，尤其是在后毛泽东时代的发展变化，以此勾勒出社会主义中国文化政策从思维到实践的运动轨迹。 / 本文希望通过这一研究可以在以下三个方面有所贡献：（1）梳理出一种社会主义中国的文化政策的历史脉络；（2）试图通过个体深访和个体口述史，来考察社会主义中国文化政策与个体的关系，从而在微观上提供关于社会主义中国文化政策的重要实证数据。并且，（3）在中观和宏观的层面上建议一种关于社会主义中国文化政策研究的理论框架，作为今后这一研究课题发展的一个基础；（4）通过比较中国与西方发达资本主义国家之间文化政策发展与运动趋势的异同，反思中国文化政策的转型，从而为推进中国文化政策的发展与进步建言。最后，希望本论文可以对社会主义国家或发展中国家的文化政策研究提供中国经验的参考与启发。需要强调的是，本文并非急于给社会主义中国文化政策的历史变迁下定论，限于历史资料收集的有限性和文化政策历时研究的复杂性，本文主要是通过现有的史料和相关数据，来做一项关于社会主义中国文化政策领域的开拓性的基础研究，也是为日后中国文化政策研究的发展做一种铺垫。 / The thesis project attempts to answer the questions about how the Chinese Communist Party governs the cultural domain in Contemporary China, and how the cultural governance develops and influences cultural production in China since 1949. / This research tries systematically explores the development of the cultural policy of Socialist China by focusing on Shanghai Municipal Workers Palace of Culture and its cultural production, which is an understudied topic in Chinese Studies. Through investigating the CCP’s theories, thoughts and policies in cultural sphere, the ways and rules of producing literature and art, it will systematically analyze the relationship of the Chinese party-state and culture in different historical periods, and illustrate the development of the CCP’s cultural policy from theory to practice. / The study mainly adopts Cultural Political Economy and Sociology of Culture approaches. Different from traditional cultural policy studies, it is a historical and comparative empirical inquiry with an integrated macro and micro perspective. The study introduces qualitative methods including archive analysis, field study, in-depth interview, oral history, participant observation, and historical comparative analysis and etc, to answer the research questions and support the thesis arguments. / The purpose of the thesis is (1) to map the historical path of cultural policy in the People’s Republic of China; (2) to provide empirical data of Socialist China’ cultural policy from micro perspective through subject’s in-depth interview and oral history; and (3) to suggest a theoretical framework for Chinese cultural policy studies at a meso- and macro-level; and (4) to bring critical reflection on the transition of cultural policy in today’s China, through comparing it with the shift and trend of the Western. Furthermore, the line of research also aims provide the Chinese model as a reference for cultural policy studies on socialist states or developing countries. To be noted, our goal is not to draw a hasty conclusion about the transformation of cultural policy in PRC or to predict its future directions. Instead, our humble task is, to do an exploratory study through the Shanghai case study and based on the limited materials that we collect, and, to pave the way for the future development of Chinese Cultural Policy Stuies. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 胡霽荣. / "2013年3月". / "2013 nian 3 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 348-359). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Hu Jirong. / 导言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 选题由来 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究视角与分析框架 --- p.7 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化政策研究 --- p.7 / Chapter 2、 --- 本文的研究视角：政治经济学与文化社会学 --- p.11 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究方法 --- p.12 / Chapter 1、 --- 分析框架 --- p.12 / Chapter 2、 --- 研究方法 --- p.13 / Chapter 四、 --- 研究目的 --- p.22 / Chapter 五、 --- 行文结构 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一章 --- 工人阶级的政治影响与社会主义中国文化政策的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人阶级与中国共产党的关系 --- p.25 / Chapter 二、 --- 中共的革命斗争与工人运动 --- p.27 / Chapter 三、 --- 中共的文化政策理论与社会主义中国文化政策的形成 --- p.30 / Chapter 1、 --- 中共文化治理思想的理论基础与本土化发展 --- p.31 / Chapter 2、 --- 中共文艺意识形态的原则与标准 --- p.33 / Chapter 3、 --- 共产党的文化领导权与新中国文化格局的确立 --- p.35 / Chapter 小结 --- p.39 / Chapter 第一部分 --- 上海市工人文化宮：文化组织的历史与转型 --- p.41 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的工人文化宮 --- p.41 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮的建立 --- p.41 / Chapter 1、 --- 工会立法及政策文件出台 --- p.43 / Chapter 2、 --- 行政管理结构与制度设计 --- p.49 / Chapter 3、 --- 经济结构与经费资产管理 --- p.51 / Chapter 4、 --- 服务对象与主体 --- p.53 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的定位与功能 --- p.55 / Chapter 1、 --- 文化启蒙 --- p.56 / Chapter 2、 --- 提供文化体育休闲服务 --- p.59 / Chapter 3、 --- 组织业余文艺活动与培养工人文艺人才 --- p.60 / Chapter 4、 --- 文化交流与对外展示 --- p.64 / Chapter 5、 --- 毛时代工人文化宮功能的变动 --- p.65 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮与城市空间生产 --- p.69 / Chapter 1、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的建宮史 --- p.70 / Chapter 2、 --- 毛时代上海市宮的集体记忆 --- p.75 / Chapter 小结 --- p.83 / Chapter 第二章 --- 市场经济条件下的工人文化宮 --- p.84 / Chapter 一、 --- 体制基础与政策环境的变化 --- p.85 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文化政策的市场化导向 --- p.86 / Chapter 2、 --- 工会对工人文化宮的政策导向 --- p.87 / Chapter 二、 --- 工人文化宮的市场化转型 --- p.89 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济结构转型与经费来源的改变 --- p.89 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构的变化与企业化自主发展 --- p.92 / Chapter 三、 --- 工人文化宮空间的异化与工人主体的消逝 --- p.98 / Chapter 1、 --- 被掏空和异化的工人文化宮 --- p.98 / Chapter 2、 --- 工人文化宮社会认同感的消逝 --- p.102 / Chapter 3、 --- 被遗忘和被取代的工人文化宮 --- p.104 / Chapter 四、 --- 文化宮的职能失范与主要原因 --- p.106 / Chapter 1、 --- 经济独立、收租为生与重商主义 --- p.107 / Chapter 2、 --- 权力结构松散、体制资源匮乏与政治地位下降 --- p.110 / Chapter 3、 --- 精英主义、形式主义与公益性丧失 --- p.115 / Chapter 4、 --- 法律约束力薄弱、社会监管缺乏与滥用职权 --- p.122 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.126 / Chapter 第二部分 --- “工人文艺生产的沿革与嬗变：以上海市工人文化宮的话剧生产为例 --- p.128 / Chapter 第一章 --- 毛时代的“工人文艺生产 --- p.130 / Chapter 一、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化政策与文化体制保障 --- p.131 / Chapter 1、 --- “工人文艺的政策要求与发展 --- p.131 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺生产的文化制度保障 --- p.135 / Chapter 二、 --- “工人文艺的生产逻辑与文化景观：以1958年至1960年上海工人话剧运动为例 --- p.138 / Chapter 1、 --- 由上而下的意识形态动员机制 --- p.138 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人文艺的生产机制与方法 --- p.141 / Chapter 3、 --- 作为意识形态审查机制的“工人文艺 --- p.146 / Chapter 4、 --- “工人文艺生产中的矛盾与问题 --- p.149 / Chapter 三、 --- 上海工人文艺经验的自述 --- p.154 / Chapter 小结 --- p.163 / Chapter 第二章 --- 国家文艺政策转折与上海市宮话剧生产的新开端 --- p.166 / Chapter 一、 --- 话剧《于无声处》与国家转折 --- p.167 / Chapter 二、 --- 《于无声处》的成功与后毛时代上海市宮话剧生产的关系 --- p.177 / Chapter 第三章 --- 走向八十年代：政策变动中“工人话剧的变 --- p.180 / Chapter 一、 --- 两种文艺治理观的冲突与阶级话语被取消 --- p.181 / Chapter 二、 --- 由计划到市场过渡时期的“工人话剧生产 --- p.188 / Chapter 1、 --- 文艺生产机制的通变与守循 --- p.189 / Chapter 2、 --- 文艺意识形态的分歧与裂痕 --- p.197 / Chapter 小结 --- p.201 / Chapter 第四章 --- 文化宮转型以来的“工人话剧生产 --- p.202 / Chapter 一、 --- 新的文艺政策环境 --- p.203 / Chapter 1、 --- 国家文艺政策的新目标 --- p.204 / Chapter 2、 --- 国家文艺资助方式的转变 --- p.205 / Chapter 3、 --- 国家对主流价值观的维护与诱导机制 --- p.207 / Chapter 二、 --- 市场经济条件下“工人话剧生产的转型与边缘化 --- p.210 / Chapter 1、 --- 市宮话剧生产的新定位 --- p.210 / Chapter 2、 --- “工人话剧生产方式的变革 --- p.212 / Chapter 3、 --- 创作主体的转型与文化精神被颠覆 --- p.220 / Chapter 本部分小结 --- p.223 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 转型后的问题：工人文化宮如何走向公共文化? --- p.226 / Chapter 第一章 --- 新的政策要求与工人文化宮发展的新方向 --- p.226 / Chapter 一、 --- 走向“公益性文化事业：工人文化宮发展的新政策要求 --- p.227 / Chapter 二、 --- 上海市工人文化宮的新变化与新目标 --- p.229 / Chapter 1、 --- “职工艺术博览汇展馆的新建 --- p.229 / Chapter 2、 --- 上海市宮未来的初步规划与憧憬 --- p.231 / Chapter 3、 --- 对“职工艺术博览汇的实地考察：以“黄浦区职工书画 --- p.234 / Chapter 第二章 --- 重新思考工人文化宮：走向以工人为主体的公共参与 --- p.247 / Chapter 一、 --- 工人文化宮应该去向何方？ --- p.248 / Chapter 二、 --- 今后工人文化宮的构建主体是谁？ --- p.250 / Chapter 讨论与总结 --- p.259 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究发现 --- p.259 / Chapter 二、 --- 社会主义中国文化政策发展的历史脉络与思维逻辑 --- p.266 / Chapter 三、 --- 解读社会主义中国文化政策的发展与转型 --- p.282 / Chapter 四、 --- 走向“文化政策生产的研究 --- p.286 / Chapter 附录1： --- “工人剧作家的个人口述史 --- p.289 / Chapter 一、 --- 宗福先 --- p.290 / Chapter 二、 --- 贾鸿源 --- p.316 / Chapter 三、 --- 曲信先 --- p.336 / Chapter 附录2： --- 上海市工人文化宮历届和现任主任名单 --- p.347 / Chapter 图示1： --- 毛时代工人文化宮的工人阶级文化与空间生产 --- p.260 / Chapter 图示2： --- 市场经济至现阶段工人文化宮的文化与空间生产 --- p.262 / Chapter 图示3： --- 今后文化宮的文化与空间生产有可能的发展趋势 --- p.264 / Chapter 图1： --- 社会主义中国文化政策的场域与思维逻辑 --- p.267 / Chapter 图2： --- 社会主义中国成立之前的中共文化政策理念 --- p.269 / Chapter 图3： --- 计划经济时期中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.271 / Chapter 图4： --- 市场经济时期（至现阶段）中国文化政策的思维逻辑 --- p.276 / Chapter 图5： --- 市场经济条件下中国文化政策潜在与可能的发展趋势 --- p.278 / 参考文献 --- p.348

本研究旨在比較台北市與上海市國中生英語學習動機。本研究為質性研究，藉由兩地國中生以及他們的師長與家長的訪談，以理解兩地國中生的英語學習動機及影響學習動機的因素與結果。研究發現，台北市學生英語學習較趨以興趣為導向， 雖然他們仍須面對升學考試。而上海市學生面對人口競爭，學習壓力大，英語學習動機強烈。 / This study tried to investigate the different motivation in English learning and the elements that influence the student's motivation between the junior high school students in Shanghai and Taipei. This study is conducted through social observation and qualitative research approaches. The scope of this study focuses on the investigation in Taipei and Shanghai. The subjects of this research will be the junior high school students in Taipei and the junior high school students in Shanghai, and the graduated or elder students, and the students' teachers and parents as well. After the research, there are some findings. The overpopulated pressure lead students in China must study harder to enter top prestigious universities. The interviewers in this study revealed that Taiwanese students do not totally study due to external stress and English learning is based on interests. Parents in Taiwan hope their kids not only learn English for good grades but also develop their interests in English learning. In Shanghai, parents urge their children to study all the time. Parents concern the school grades very much. In Taipei, teachers are willing to be students’ friends. Differently, teachers in Shanghai are more authoritative than in Taipei. Teachers emphasize the accuracy on English learning. China’s accession to WTO affects the model of English learning. Globalization accelerates the trend to learn English. These years China runs some world-class convention and exhibition which attract more international business and tourists and encourage Chinese to learn English. In the process in this study, we found the English learning motivation of students in Shanghai is stronger than Taiwan's students.

張羣(1889-1990),是蔣中正幕僚群中的關鍵人物,歷任上海市市長、湖 北省主席、外交部長、四川省主席及行政院長等職。但涉及張羣的相關歷史研究 並不多。 本文聚焦張羣任上海市市長時期(1929 年 4 月至 1932 年 1 月)。對於張羣 的著述、蔣中正相關資料、檔案、當時的報刊等史料,加以分析比對並分類歸納。 通過厘清張羣任上海市市長期間相關行事,筆者認為張羣本欲在市政上有所作為, 也初步解決了市政上面臨的困難。但蔣中正對上海的政治期望並非市政建設,而 是上海的治安問題;當國家有難,蔣中正需要張羣運用他善於遊說地方勢力的縱 橫捭闔的政治手腕為他掃清屏障。張羣被要求頻繁奔波在非市政的領域,最終導 致了他在上海市市長任內的市政建設成果慘澹。 筆者試圖以此為基礎,探討張羣之政治才幹、張羣與蔣中正之關係、市長 張羣和中央執行委員張羣雙重身份下的張力等議題,以期能對理解張羣其人及訓 政初期的國民政府政治生態有所貢獻。 / Chang Chun(1889-1990) was one of the most important lieutenants of Chiang Kai-shek. He followed Chiang’s political path and took the position as Shanghai Mayor, the Chairman of Hupei Province, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Chairman of Sichuan Province and the Premier of the country. Even though he played an important role in modern China, the study of Chang Chun is not sufficient today. This dissertation will focus on Chang’s Shanghai Mayor period (From April 1929 to January 1932). By collecting Chang’s works, the archive of Chiang Kai-shek and newspapers at that time, a most comprehensive viewing of what Chang did in and outside his mayor duty could be made. This dissertation makes clear that Chang wanted to do something on municipal administration on his position as Shanghai Mayor, and he preliminarily succeed to conquer the problems met. However, Chiang paid more attention on public order than municipal construction, which Chang focused on, in Shanghai. When the nation were in trouble,Chiang needed Chang to use his powerful social ability on lobbying the local power. As Chang was always forced to do some tasks outside Shanghai, his municipal construction was always not on the plan. On the basis of these arguments, I want to discuss Chang’s intelligence in politics, the relationship of Chang and Chiang and the roles of Chang as mayor and central executive committee at the same time, in order to learn more about Chang Chun, as well as the political circumstance of early national government.

本研究以上海市社會局為主體，探討其從1945年10月至1949年4月間各項業務執行的情況及其市民生活的關係。首先從社會局的職權與人事談起，社會局最早成立於1927年7月，負責農工商業相關行業的註冊、處理勞資糾紛與相關統計。一年後職權增加了對人民團體和社會福利機構的管理，也負責各種度量衡器具的檢定，戰後再增加糧食管理及書報影劇審查兩項工作。就人事方面而言，社會局局長以吳開先在任的時間最長，同時他也出任市黨部的執行委員會委員。另外針對1948年社會局全體公務員的學經歷進行分析，發現49歲以下的職員占絕大多數，以學歷而言，超過半數的男性職員受過不同程度的高等教育，女性職員是以中學學歷者占多數，附屬機構的公務員則更年輕，學歷也相對較低。與戰前的社會局相比最大的特點在小學以下的成員大幅減少和隨著局長異動而大量換人的情形也不復存在。 本研究的其他部分皆與社會局如何執行它的職權有關，分為四大主題：(1)報紙、雜誌、通訊社審查；(2)電影戲劇審查；(3)調整工資及調解勞資爭議；(4)對人民團體的管理。 在報紙、雜誌、通訊社審查部分，共舉行了三次大規模清查措施，只有1949年3-4月的「報刊總清查」才有比較主動的抽查措施。在獲准發行的報紙與雜誌中有一個特點，就是越晚獲得許可的刊物轉呈次數越多，可見社會局沒有最終決定權。在沒有獲得發行的報紙與雜誌中，社會局常以「申請手續不完整」的理由(包括各種文字)讓申請案無法通過，數量上甚至多過發行後才被查禁的。 社會局對電影影片的審查是某種形式上的複審，重點是核對內政部發給的准演執照是否相符。劇團、票房和俱樂部審查強調的重點是表演內容，包括所有劇本、科白與節目流程都要申請核准方能表演。總計3202部電影中未通過審查的只有28部，凡是有墮落的、不符現實的場景與情節都會被要求刪減或修改。劇本審查方面，可能出於受戰爭影響無暇創作或比較容易通過審查，大多以重演舊的劇目為主。 工人工資的調整以市政府每月發佈的生活費指數乘上1937年6月的底薪為計算方式，與糧食價格互相比較，貨幣購買力逐確實漸下降，使得多數工人不足以養家活口，所以勞資爭議越來越多。而就勞資爭議進行分析，以有沒有發生罷工停業分為兩類，有罷工停業的案件有589件，沒有罷工停業的則有5521件。就行業類別來看，與上海的產業結構相符，以紡織業最多。從具體的個案討論中，社會局確實努力促成和解，但卻沒有能力預防與阻止勞資爭議與暴力衝突。 人民團體分為資方的同業公會、勞方的工會、與一般民眾的社會團體，三者的數量在戰後四年間皆有顯著的成長。從電影院公會的例子可以看出，公會與社會局爭執的焦點在票價的調整，還有公會也必須負責各種臨時性或經常性的賑災捐款。相關資料也顯示，社會局對於勞工福利設施推行不力，也無法控制工會基層組織，在那些被共產黨吸收的工會中，社會局只能在警察局取締之後，解散工會再加以重組，無法有效防止共產黨的滲透。社會團體的問題在於社會局僅僅做到登記的工作而無法加以有效的管理，即使是國民黨成立的團體也是如此。 整體來說，社會局在這四年的時間裡，雖然進行很多種的社會統計，也透過機關刊物向民眾進行法令宣傳，但被動的登記成效比較好而主動執行力不足，其中又以無法有效防止勞資爭議與積極管理各種人民團體為主要缺點。 / This thesis draws on archival data from Shanghai’s Bureau of Social Affairs (Shehui ju 社會局) to examine how this organization undertook its duties between October 1945 and April 1949 (the period of the Chinese Civil War), as well as its impact on the lives of ordinary citizens. Founded in July 1927, the Bureau was initially responsible for the registration of agricultural and industrial sectors, resolution of wage disputes, and compilation of business statistics. It was subsequently burdened with additional duties, including the oversight of civic organizations and social welfare institutions, examination of measurement tools, regulation of foodstuffs, and censorship of publications. The thesis begins with a discussion on the Bureau’s administrative structure and personnel. Director Wu Kaixian had the longest incumbency of all the staff members, and also served as a commissioner in the Executive Committee of the KMT’s City Party Office. In terms of the backgrounds of public servants who worked at the Bureau, the data collected indicates that in the year 1948 most were less than 49 years of age. Over half of the male civil servants had received various higher education degrees, while the most of the women merely had secondary educations. The staff members of the Bureau’s affiliated institutions were generally younger and had lower educational levels. The period covered by this study differed from the prewar years in witnessing fewer people with only preliminary educational background, while personnel changes became less relevant following the appointment of new Directors. The rest of the thesis centers on how the Bureau executed its authority and carried out its duties, with the subject matter being divided into the following four categories: 1) Censorship of newspapers, magazines, and news agencies; 2) Censorship of motion pictures and dramas; 3) Reconciliation of wage and labor disputes; 4) Governance of civic organizations. Three large-scale censorship campaigns involving newspapers, magazines, and news agencies were undertaken, but only the “General Censorship” from March to April 1949 witnessed proactive measures. In considering censored newspapers and magazines, it seems especially noteworthy that the latter publications were released more often than being transferred, which suggests that the Bureau did not have the authority to make final decisions. The reason given by the Bureau for banning certain newspapers and magazines from publication was usually “incomplete application procedure.” The quantity of such publications was even greater than those banned after publication. The Bureau’s process of re-examining motion pictures focused on the validity of licenses issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The criteria of censorship adopted by theatres, box offices, and clubs placed greater emphasis on performance content, including scripts, voiceover, and program rundowns. Of 3,202 movies examined by the Bureau, only 28 failed to pass, with discouraging and unrealistic scenarios usually being deleted or modified. Most of the adopted scripts were somewhat dated, perhaps due to wartime lack of creativity and productivity. The adjustment of the labor wages was based on the product of the government-issued monthly cost of living index multiplied by salary levels of July 1937. Against the background of rising food prices, purchasing power parity proved relatively low, which rendered blue-collar workers less able to sustain their families and sparked increasing wage disputes. Such conflicts can be categorized by whether or not they resulted in strikes, with those triggering strikes numbering 589 and those that did not 5,521. Like Shanghai’s overall industrial structure, the textile industry led others in terms of such disputes. The Bureau did intervene by trying to promote reconciliation, yet it failed to prevent such disputes and resulting acts of violence. Civic organizations included employers’ associations, labor unions, and ordinary social groups formed by citizens. The number of all three kinds of organizations increased significantly during the four years of the Chinese Civil War. As can be seen in the case of the Cinema Association, the major point of conflict between Bureau and the Association centered on adjustments of ticket prices and the Association’s assuming responsibility for all kinds of charitable donations on a regular or temporary basis. The records reveal that the Bureau was not serious about the welfare infrastructure for laborers, and proved unable to control the grassroots organization of the labor unions. The Bureau could not prevent the Communist Party from exerting increasing influence over unions, but did dissolve them after police crackdowns and then attempted to reorganize them. The main issue with these civic organizations was that the Bureau was only in charge of registration yet proved unable to manage effective mobilization, a phenomenon that applied even to those organized by the KMT. In conclusion, the thesis argues that during the four years covered by this study, despite the fact that the Bureau was able to compile extensive sociological statistics and disseminate rules of law via its publications, its ability to execute policy decisions turned out to be far less effective. Moreover, the Bureau could not effectively suppress labor disputes and mobilize relevant civic organizations.

改革開放後，上海市在中共中央的規劃下，希望於二十一世紀時成為國際經濟中心的城市；然而，上海市的城市功能定位自 1949 年後由國際外向型經濟中心轉為國內型生產城市，城市功能、空間佈局亦隨之改變。卻成功達成「以上海浦東開發開放為龍頭，進一步開放長江沿岸城市，盡快把上海建成國際經濟、金融、貿易中心之一，帶動長江三角洲和整個長江流域地區經濟的新飛躍」的發展目標，城市佈局的重建可說是支撐上海市實現其目標的基礎。 本論文嘗試就外商直接投資（第二章）、地方政府行為（第三章）及房地產（第五章）三個角度探討上海市城市空間變化，也試著探討政府、外資及房地產三者間彼此的互動與影響。而從分析的過程中發現，中國大陸欲引進外資解決其資金缺乏的問題，以各式優惠的政策來吸引外資；外國投資者看重的是中國大陸廣大的市場。上海市同樣面臨資金缺乏的問題，為進行城市空間的改造與建設，上海市藉舊城改造、新區開發及住房改革等因素形成的房地產吸引外資的投入，三者間形成巧妙的互動與影響。 　　經濟與政治間的角力在上海市生動的呈現，上海市為了資金的到位，變更了原有的城市規劃設計，外商為了獲利願意配合政策投資獲利極小的平價或動遷住宅，在互相協商、較勁後，可以發現上海市再從計畫經濟轉軌至市場經濟時，經濟利益的影響雖大，但仍未能掌控上海城市空間的發展。相對的，上海市政府卻實際巧妙的利用外資進行了城市空間的重構與發展，同時也獲得了所需的資金。

在全球化的影響下，全球各地人才、物質、資金、資訊呈現高度流通的狀況，全球許多著名城市，便成為此一流動的匯聚之處，並具有影響全球資源流通的能力，亦即所謂的「全球城市」。其為「全球城市」，除了本身的發展規模外，更強調其在全球化時代，具有與其他城市的高度關連性，同時，亦具有影響全球政治、經濟的能力。 在此前提下，改革開放後，積極融入全球經濟體系的中國大陸，也著重於城市的發展建設，特別是經濟發展著有成效的上海市，更成為中國積極建構「全球城市」的標的，這樣的雄心企圖，具體體現在前上海市長陳良宇的眾多談話中。 有鑑於此，本論文即對於上海市積極建構「全球城市」的目標、過程、結果進行分析探討。全論文共分七章，除緒論外，分別探討「全球城市」的理論系譜與其在中國大陸的運用，其次，討論上海市在人口與空間佈局方面的政策與結果，再接著討論中央為了建構上海市，所提出的四大中心---經濟、金融、貿易、航運，其建設過程以及面臨的困境。於此之後，開始分析上海市與其他城市的關連性，分別就上海與長三角的其他十五個城市的關係、上海吸引跨國公司的博奕關係進行探討，並採取內容分析法，藉由上海文匯報、經濟學人、新聞週刊等傳播媒體，檢視上海與其他國內外重要城市的關連性。再者，則將重點分析討論，上海市在城市建構背後的主要動力，即「上海市政府」，其為了進行城市建設並積極融入全球化，所進行的「城市治理」。最後則是提出結論與討論。 藉由上述的分析，本研究指出，儘管上海市政府在建構「全球城市」的過程時，具有「政府主導型的互動建構」模式，積極規劃上海市的建設發展，但是由於中央政府的影響、與周邊城市的關係，使得上海在發展上，仍未能稱為「全球城市」，僅能達到「全球化城市」的階段。另外，也必須反思，上海市的發展也許未必適合套用西方的發展模式，而是具有其獨特的發展軌跡。 / Under the effects of globalization, the flows of people, material, finance, and information transit very fast, and a few famous cities with the power of affecting the flows become the places of gathering, namely Global Cities. So call depends not only on its scale , but the power of its connection with other cities as well. Considering this, China begin to emphasize its city development after its reform and open policy, and especially focuses on Shanghai to be a global city, and such ambition can often be seen from the several speeches of its former mayor Chen Lian Ju. According this background, the dissertation tries to research the construction process of Shanghai being a global city. It includes seven chapters, besides the introduction, it traces the development of the theory of global city, and then discusses the policies of Shanghai’s people and space arrangement. Ensuing we discuss its Four Centers—economic, financial, trade and shipping, their developments and difficulties. After these, we begin to discuss its connection respectively with Yangtze River Delta cities and foreign cities by adopting content analysis method to examine Shanghai Wenhui Newspaper, Economist, and Newsweek. And then we discuss Shanghai Government including its transformation and its urban governance. Finally it’s the conclusion. By this analysis and discuss, the dissertation points out the fact that spite of its striving construction, Shanghai with the trait of “Interactive construction mode by its government leading ”, it at most can only be called a “globalizing city”, not a “global city”. At the same time , it also reflects that adopting western theory to Shanghai may not be a good way , for Shanghai can be a global city by its own way.

張時飛. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (p. 338-366) / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Zhang Shifei. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (p. 338-366) / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.