Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14143号 / 工博第2977号 / 新制||工||1442(附属図書館) / 26449 / UT51-2008-N460 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 禎彦, 教授 田中 宏明, 教授 米田 稔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(経済学) / 乙第13276号 / 論経博第401号 / 新制||経||290(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 西山 慶彦, 教授 溝端 佐登史, 教授 諸富 徹 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第22676号 / 生博第442号 / 新制||生||59(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 上村 匡, 教授 松本 智裕 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第23330号 / 生博第448号 / 新制||生||60(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 上村 匡, 教授 豊島 文子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

「氣候變遷」此一名詞出現時，大多被認為是人類活動對氣候所造成之影響與後果，1988年成立的《聯合國跨政府間氣候變遷小組》（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the UN , IPCC）每六年發表一次《全球氣候評估報告》，於2001年第3次氣候評估報告即點出，未來之氣候變遷將不再侷限於評估人為活動對氣候的影響，氣候自然變化同為評估重點。而最近一次在2013年發表第五次氣候評估報告則指出，預估到本世纪末全球地表温度將持續升高1.5至2.0℃，該報告指出有95%的可能性，人類活動是自1950年代以来地球暖化之主要原因。 科學家們早已一再提出警告，氣候變遷將導致水災、旱災、沙漠化、海島陸沉、糧食危機、氣候難民、戰爭、生態浩劫等各種無法逆轉的事件層出不窮，本論文將就因應氣候變遷而衍生之綠色專利審查機制，得以快速取得綠色專利權，進而可適度抑制溫室現象之綠色產品將大量出現，與智慧財產權有關之綠色專利亦將被大量運用。人們可盡一己之力來為減緩地球暖化做出貢獻，徹底實現世代正義，於此同時綠色經濟所帶來之商機亦將無可限量。 關鍵字：氣候變遷、智慧財產權、綠色專利審查機制、世代正義

1980年後工業時代，全球經濟轉向以服務和商業經濟為主，全球化影響在地經濟，傳統產業式微，迫使傳統城市面對空間重組之議題，並且回應市民的新需求。大稻埕曾是人文薈萃的寶地，更是台灣的的經濟中心，如今卻面臨相同的問題。此時，世界各地颳起文化創意產業的風潮，英國的成功經驗，讓文創產業成為各國眼中振興經濟的一帖良藥。台灣亦陸續出現相關政策，從社區總體營造到都市再生前進基地計劃，到後來出現民間單位世代群。世代群提出創業育成、街區營造、文化運動三大目標，用不同角度提供一個重塑都市形象的解答。 Landry用都市規劃的角度提出「創意平台」之概念，他認為創意平台串連散落城市各地的創意能量，帶領城市轉型。本研究以陳威如與徐卓軒提出的「平台機制設計方法」做為理論基礎，檢視世代群是否達到Landry提出的「創意城市七項要件」。本研究希望透過研究結果，回答下述三個研究問題：（1）世代群推動創意平台之平台機制如何運作？（2）世代群內部運作具備哪些創意街廓之要件？（3）世代群與大稻埕他者關係，如何促進大稻埕發展為創意街廓？ 本研究得到的初步結論：（1）世代群透過嚴格的身份認證機制，控管平台品質，再對被補貼方釋出優渥的補貼政策，吸引其進入平台後，建立其歸屬感增加黏著度。（2）多元的創意人才與中高度的授權組織文化，讓組織與地方保持創新活力。（3）對內於地方深耕經營，並與他者相互合作，孕育共同地方認同感；對外打造國際藝術節，建立內外部認同感。 / In the 1980s, known as post-industrial society, service industry and the commercial economy started to dominate the global economy. Globalization affected the local economy which leads to a decline of traditional industries, and the issue of space reorganization was raised in the traditional cities, and responded to the new demands of the residents. Dadaocheng used to be the cultural and economic center of Taiwan, but nowadays it stuck in the same transformation issue. In the same time, cultural and creative Industry was booming around the world, and the UK successful experience made the cultural and creative Industry become the solution to stimulating the economy in every country. Relevant policies were made in Taiwan as well, such as Integrated Community Development, Urban Regeneration Station, and Sedai Group－a private sector later appeared. Sedai Group proposed three objectives, including creativity cultivation, community development, and cultural movement to provide a solution to reshaping the image of a city from a different perspective. Landry proposed the concept of Creative Platform from the perspective of urban planning. He argued that the Creative Platform reorganized the creative energy scattered in the city and led the city transformation. This study takes the Platform Mechanism design method proposed by Chen and Yu as the theoretical basis, and check out did Sedai Group achieved the seven elements of Creative City which proposed by Landry. This study tries to answer the following three questions with the research findings: (1) How does the Platform Mechanism of Creative Platforms promoted by Sedai Group operate? (2) What are the internal operating elements Sedai Group possess to become a Creative Platform? (3) How does the relationships of Sedai Group with other sectors urge Dadaocheng to become a creative city? The preliminary conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Sedai Group uses the strict identity authentication mechanism to control the quality of the platform, offers the preferential subsidy policy to attract the subsidy side to join the group, and establishes the sense of belonging to increase the user’s stickiness. (2) Multiple creative talents and the medium-to-high-altitude empowered organizational culture to allow the organization and the city sustain their creativity. (3) Richly cultivate the city and cooperate with other organizations to nurture local identity domestically, and organize international festivals to establish the internal and external identity.

將本論文比較出生於1980年至1997年之東西方社會年輕人的社會價值與態度。 這群年輕人通稱為「千禧世代」。在新千禧長大的他們被視為歷史上平均受教育最多的一群人， 世界的未來也剛好在他們手上。因此，深入瞭解千禧世代的個人態度與行為模式相當重要。本論文與過往研究不同之處在於比較此世代在東方與西方社會中的區別。 本論文聚焦在個人學歷對 其社會價值及態度的影響，並進一步衡量當地不同文化帶來的效果。 / This research compares socials values and attitudes of individuals born in East Asian and Western societies after 1980 to 1997. The aforementioned time frame encompasses a generation that has been labeled Millennial, for it accounts for individuals who came of age in the beginning of the new millennium. It is considered the biggest and best educated generation in history and is the leader of the tomorrow’s economy; hence, it has become an increasingly important topic for research and discussion in order to understand its particular characteristics. This research study differentiates itself from those existent, in that it focuses on comparing Millennials from different geographic origins and cultural zones —East Asian and Western countries. It identifies and analyzes the effect of educational attainment on individuals’ attitudes toward the self and their role in society considering the particular features of their geographic zones of origin. The study shed light on the effect of education and origin on Millennials’ attitudes toward issues of social interest such as: abortion, homosexuality, divorce, sex before marriage and women emancipation; having East Asians, a more conservative approach than Westerns have. Furthermore, contrary to what it was expected, it was observed higher levels of self-centered attitude among East Asians when compared to their counterpart in the West.

本論文嘗試結合印刷媒體與世代這兩項過去在台灣文學研究中分別獨立的研究範疇，以印刷媒體世代的概念對應以往將日本統治時期的台灣知識社群區分為「傳統文人」或「知識份子」的研究傾向。一方面回頭檢視過去台灣文學研究對於世代概念的引用延伸概況，另一方面也透過卡爾‧曼海姆的世代理論，重新檢視日本統治時期的台灣人是如何透過現代印刷媒體的引進，促成一個文化世代的萌芽與成形。日治時期台灣地區在活字印刷媒體的影響下，形成了一個有別於過去的「文化重疊地域」，印刷品輸入的多源性特質創造了台灣文化的多向性特徵。自此以降，台灣文化菁英與印刷媒體刊物之間的關係愈形緊密，而過去所缺乏的「同時性」與「現實性」認知也越趨明顯，讓這些台灣人在共同參與印刷媒體刊物運作下而形成一個台灣歷史當中的特殊世代。本文在此將之定義為「印刷媒體世代」，進而以個案陳逢源來檢視上述論述的適切性，與未來後續研究運用上的可行性。 / This dissertation attempts to develop a new concept, the Taiwanese Print Media Generation, through integrating two separate research fields, the print media and the theory of generation. The aims of the new approach are twofold: first, to challenge a common conceptual usage of dividing the Taiwanese intelligentsia into “the traditional literati” and “the intellectuals;” second, to reexamine how did the colonial Taiwanese contribute to the origin and formation of a specific generation through introducing modern print media. This dissertation will argue that under the influence of modern print media, a “cross-cultural field” was formed in the colonial Taiwan. Various sources of publications have created diverse characters of Taiwanese culture. Since then, after recognizing the need for an instant system that transfers information of the reality, Taiwanese cultural elites and the print media developed into a tightened relationship. This relationship eventually created a special generation of, as this dissertation defines, the “Taiwanese Print Media Generation.” Finally, the author examines the argument mentioned above in terms of its validity and applicability.

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過去國外的實證研究結果指出，民眾在退休後的消費支出會有減少的現象，文獻稱此現象為 “退休消費的難題 （Retirement Consumption Puzzle）”。本研究主要目的在於探討不同世代是否在退休消費難題的程度上有所差異。研究結果顯示，臺灣民眾在退休後，家戶的消費並未有顯著的減少現象，但對不同世代戶長退休後的家戶消費行為進行分析，本研究發現相較於20年代的家戶，40年代的退休家戶其退休後的消費有顯著減少現象，可能的原因在於年輕世代面臨人口平均餘命增加所產生的長壽風險，而人口結構老化使得過去養兒防老的觀念式微，以及年輕世代對未來退休金制度產生疑慮，使得年輕世代家戶退休後的消費有顯著下降的現象，此結論顯示不同世代在退休後的消費行為確有顯著差異。 / The world is facing the dual effect of life expectancy and declining fertility, this phenomenon will enable society and individuals exposed to the longevity risk. In this study, we use “The Survey of Family Income and Expenditure” from Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C.（Taiwan）. The results show that there is a decline in the expenditure of food after retirement, and younger generations decline less than elder generation obviously. There are also declines in work-related expenditures, including clothing, transportations and communication. It means that retired-consumption puzzle is not obvious to younger generations. While the consumption of home management, recreation and education do not drop after retirement, showing leisure time increase and also increase those consumption. Health and medical expense is related to the age and health status, not to the status of work. Total consumption expenditure is no significant correlation with retirement. Finally, there is a trend of younger generation consumption increase. Comparing, it may have retirement plan to support the increasing consumption.