本論文以優選理論探討上海話之入聲變調，試圖將文獻中所認為表現不規律之入聲變調納入與舒聲變調相容之分析中。本研究認為入聲變調與舒聲變調皆受制於ANCHOR-L(tσ1, Hd)，因此其首音節之基底聲調在輸出值中皆出現於重讀音節。以此觀之，則入聲變調與舒聲變調的差異主要在於節律重音的位置：在舒聲變調中首音節重讀；在入聲變調中重音則後移──在陰入變調中係移至第二音節，在陽入變調中則移至末音節。 本論文提出兩點假設：上海話中舒聲音節為重量音節，入聲音節為輕量音節；節律結構基本上為一位於左端之雙音節音步。據此，本研究提出COINCIDE (LightHd, FT-final)，認為陰入變調中重音所以後移至第二音節是因為重讀之輕量音節傾向於由音步末音節核可(licensing)。另一方面，由於陽入的單字調為曲拱調，與陰入的水平調有別，是以本研究另外提出COINCIDE(Contour, PrWd-final)，此制約顯示陽入變調中重音的遠距移位是為了遵行「曲拱調須由末音節核可」之普遍現象。 綜述之，本論文提供了一個重量音節、節律重音、曲拱調以及邊際位置等韻律顯著位置間彼此對映的實例。此外，本研究亦顯示上海話的連讀變調涉及聲調與重音的互動，是以所提出之分析或許對相關類型之研究亦有所貢獻。 / This thesis offers an Optimality-theory approach to the tone sandhi of checked tones (TSC) in Shanghai, in an attempt to regulate its surface patterns which have long been considered anomaly as opposed to the tone sandhi of smooth tones (TSS). With a reanalysis in the present study, TSC and TSS arguably have in common that their process of tone mapping is both subject to ANCHOR-L(tσ1, Hd), by which the un- derlying tone of the initial syllable ends up at the stressed syllable in the output. It follows that TSC is different from TSS in the way that metrical head is assigned: all domains undergoing TSS are stressed on their initial syllable; only in domains of TSC does the stress move rightwards, either to the second place in the tone sandhi of Yinru (TSYI), or to the final syllable in the tone sandhi of Yangru (TSYA). Given the assumption that checked syllables and smooth syllables in Shanghai are light and heavy, respectively, in terms of moraicity, and that foot-parsing is binary and left-aligned in general, the one-syllable shift of stress in TSYI can be accounted for by positing COINCIDE(LightHd, FT-final), which sets up the preference for light stress- bearing syllables to be licensed foot-finally. On the other hand, given that Yangru in the citation forms represents a rising contour, different from the level tone of Yinru, a licensing constraint, namely COINCIDE(Contour, PrWd-final), is further posited so that the long-distance movement of metrical head observed in TSYA emerges to satisfy the requirement for the retained rising contour to be licensed word-finally. Taken together, this thesis instantiates a remarkable case of the mapping among multiple prominent positions, including heavy syllables, metrical head, contour tones, and edge positions. Also, the present analysis demonstrates that Shanghai tone sandhi involves an interaction between tone and stress, thus a contribution to the general OT tone-prominence typology literature (cf. Zhang 2001, Barnes 2002, De Lacy 2002).

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

No description available.

隨著網際網路的普及，促使大學圖書館紛紛建立網站服務讀者。目前國內各大專院校圖書館網站的建置已達到百分之百，網頁成為行銷各校學術資源最直接快速的管道，而圖書館網頁也利用廣告吸引讀者對於活動訊息的注意。目前國內大學圖書館網站中，並非每個學校均設有廣告來傳播重要的訊息給讀者，即使擁有廣告也是呈現位置不一。在設計上，大學圖書館網站首頁廣告應與整體版面搭配，以引起讀者視覺關注，並達透過廣告成功行銷圖書館資源與活動的目的；而以圖書館行銷的角度考量，惟有促使圖書館網站首頁的廣告被有效注意與理解，才能達到成功行銷廣告內容的目的。 本研究採用真實驗研究法(true-experiment research method），結合網頁視覺設計相關理論對於讀者目光注意力的吸引原則，以及視覺元素之間如何影響讀者的視覺行為為基礎，設計出三種內容相同但廣告放置於不同位置之圖書館網站首頁，比較讀者視覺注意力行為的差異，並以國立中正大學大學部學生五十四名為研究對象，利用「眼球追蹤儀器」(eye tracker)收集受試者眼動指標資料，並進行廣告傳達內容之記憶效應檢測，以及實驗後輔以問卷調查與訪談，探討大學圖書館網站首頁的廣告位置對於讀者視覺注意力及記憶效應的影響。 研究結果發現，讀者在三種不同廣告圖片位置之眼動訊息、記憶效應、瀏覽順序、整體印象滿意度均具有顯著差異。研究結果歸納如下： 一、讀者在廣告置上版面具有較多的注視次數，但是在廣告置左版面則具有較多的視覺停駐。 二、讀者在三種不同廣告位置版面之廣告內容的記憶效應具有顯著差異，廣告圖片位置置左版面具有最佳之記憶效應。 三、讀者在廣告置左版面之廣告內容的記憶效應與眼動指標之「平均注視時間」具有顯著關聯性，其他兩種版面則均無顯著關聯。 四、讀者在三種不同廣告位置版面之其他讀者服務項目所定義興趣區的眼動指標具有顯著差異，廣告置左版面讀者服務項目具有較為平均之視覺分布。 五、讀者在三種不同廣告位置版面之瀏覽順序具有差異，廣告置左版面之廣告較能引起讀者的優先注視。 六、讀者在三種不同廣告位置版面之圖書館網站首頁的整體印象具有顯著差異，廣告置左版面獲得較高的評價；其中版面在「簡單的」、「不散亂的」、「可靠信任的」、「引人注目的」等項目上均顯著高於廣告置右與廣告置上版面。 綜合本研究之研究結果，建議圖書館應善用置左廣告位置提升圖書館行銷相關訊息之目的。此外，圖書館網站首頁應重視視覺元素編排對於版面整體印象的提升效應。圖書館網頁編排也應善用接近性與相似性原則，使得版面呈現具一致性。 / The popularity of the Internet has pushed university libraries establishing websites to serve readers. The establishment of domestic university library websites has currently reached 100%, web pages become the most direct and rapid channels to market the academic resources, and advertisement on the library web pages is utilized for attracting readers’ attention to activities. So far, not all domestic university library websites are established advertisement for propagating important information to readers; even though there is advertisement, the presentation positions are distinct. In terms of the design, advertisement on the index page of a university library website should match the entire layout so as to appeal readers’ visual saliency and successfully market the library resources and activities. In consideration of library marketing, merely advertisement on the index page of a library website being effectively noticed and comprehended could the successful marketing be achieved. With true-experiment research method, the visual design of web pages to attract readers’ attention in this study is integrated with the effects of visual elements on readers’ visual behaviors to design three identical advertising contents which are placed in different positions on the index page of the library website in order to compare the difference in readers’ visual attention. Furthermore, 54 undergraduate students in National Chung Cheng University are selected as the research participants. An Eye Tracker is utilized for collecting the participants’ eye-tracking indicators, and the memory effect of the advertisement is tested. Furthermore, the questionnaire survey and interviews are proceeded to discuss the effects of advertising position on the index page of a university library website on readers’ visual attention and memory effect. The research findings show that the readers present significant difference on the eye-tracking information, memory effect, browsing order, and overall satisfaction of the three advertisement positions. The research results are concluded as follows. 1.The readers appear more attention on top-layout advertisement, but stay the vision more on left-layout advertisement. 2.The readers reveal remarkable difference on memory effect of advertisement among three advertisement positions, where the optimal memory effect appears on the left-layout advertisement. 3.The readers show significant correlations between memory effect of left-layout advertisement and the eye-tracking indicator of Average Fixation Time, while the rest two layouts do not show notable correlations. 4.The readers show remarkable difference on the eye-tracking indicator of interests defined in other reader service items of three advertisement layouts; the reader service items on the left-layout advertisement appear more average visual distribution. 5.The readers reveal distinct browsing orders on the three advertisement positions; the left-layout advertisement could better appeal the readers’ prior attention. 6.The readers show significantly different impression on the index page of the library website with three advertising positions; the left-layout advertisement acquires higher appraisal, where the items of Simple, Not Disordered, Reliable, Attention Attractive reveal higher appraisal than right-layout and top-layout advertisement. Summing up the research results, the libraries are suggested to well apply left-layout advertisement to enhance the marketing information. What is more, the index page of a library website should focus on the layout of visual elements to promote the overall impression. The layout of library web pages should also well apply the principles of proximity and similarity to present the consistency.

科技的演進可能改變了人們的生活行為。隨著智慧型手機的快速成長，數位敘事將會以一種嶄新的方式產出行動內容。我們透過互動設計的元素以及「行動敘事」的特性為依據，設計了一個無所不在的「行動協作數位敘事平台」，以促進這個改變能實現。利用這個平台，使用者根據他/她的所在地，不僅可以下載閱聽附近的行動內容，並且可以增修或記錄周遭的事物後上傳。我們並加進「協作」的功能到此平台，以提昇內容的多元與豐富，使得閱聽者，更能夠沉浸在敘述的內容當中。除此之外，本平台也增進網路技術，使其可以在離線時仍然可以持續記錄與協作內容，不受時空限制。 我們建置了這個平台以APP的型式在Android系統上呈現，並作田野實驗，以研究此新的行動協作敘事型態。我們針對平台進行兩個部分的評估與分析，其一為使用者介面的評估，我們以放聲思考法進行，並隨後對介面做出修正；其二為平台系統使用評估，此部分以訪談法進行，並同時與系統Log作比對驗證。平台實驗發現的設計元素以及使用行為，希望可以在未來對此領域欲進一步研究者，提供很好的建議。 / Technologies could change users’ behaviors. As the recent growth of mobile smartphones, digital narrative would have a new way to create mobile content. Through interactive design components and features of “mobile narrative”, we design a "Mobile Collaboration Digital Narrative Platform" to facilitate this change. A user can retrieve nearby mobile content, and also have the ability to add, edit or record what is happening at his/her present location. By adding the feature of “collaborative content creation” to the platform, the content can be made more diverse and rich and the reader can better immerse him or herself in it. Moreover, by the enhanced network technology, the platform can also work in offline mode to make it function ubiquitously. In order to study the new type of mobile collaborative narration, we develop the system (an Android App) and do field trial. We evaluate and analyze the system for two parts: one for the assessment of the user interface, and the other for system usage evaluation. We use the think aloud method for the former to amend interface design. For the latter, we interview with users, which are also compared with the system log for justification. The design components and the results for usage behaviors that we found from the new platform will provide a good recommendation for future further study in the field.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18140号 / 医博第3860号 / 新制||医||1002(附属図書館) / 30998 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 富樫 かおり, 教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 武藤 学 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18957号 / 工博第3999号 / 新制||工||1616(附属図書館) / 31908 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木村 亮, 教授 三村 衛, 准教授 岸田 潔 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第19661号 / 薬科博第49号 / 新制||薬科||6(附属図書館) / 32697 / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 川端 猛夫, 教授 高須 清誠, 教授 竹本 佳司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21367号 / 工博第4526号 / 新制||工||1705(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 松原 厚, 教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 小森 雅晴 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

本研究は,双腕で作業プレートを支持することで閉リンク機構を構成し,作業プレートを操ることで十分な支持剛性を維持しながらプレート上での柔軟な作業空間を実現することを目指した.すなわち,ロボットでも従来の工作機械のNC制御の運動精度に近い性能を具現化する一方,人の作業に近い柔軟性を両立することであるその対象としてプレート上で球の転がりを取り上げ,その運動軌跡をコンピュータシミュレーションにより解析しながら,同時2軸の旋回運動の制御におけるその誤差解析およびその改善手法を確立する. / Recently, industrial dual-arm robots have gained attention as novel tools and we therefore focus on them to flexible control both the linear motion and the rotational motion of a working plate. However, it is difficult to measure the synchronous accuracy of two rotary axes without high accuracy gyro sensor. Thus, we proposed a novel method to measure it with a ball, which keeps a ball rolling around a circular path on it by dual-arm cooperative control. As a result, we demonstrated this method made it feasible to estimate the synchronous accuracy of two rotary axes of working plate. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University