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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

消費性金融之個人信用因素分析—以小型信用貸款為例 / Analysis of the personal credit characteristic on comsumer banking – based on small-scale credit loan

彭世文, Peng,Shih-Weng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以還款績效的觀點,分析小型信用貸款中申貸者的特性,讓銀行放款的依據除了判斷正常戶與否之外,進一步以還款績效與風險區分出不同群組的申貸者,以期作不同的放款策略;同時將個人基本變數 、該銀行內徵信資料以及聯合徵信資料變數 作統計性分類,篩選出代表性因素,研究這些因素如何影響各還款績效群組。 研究發現,申貸者可以區分為「還款能力平穩—逾期風險低」、「還款能力優良—逾期風險中」、「還款能力低下—逾期風險高」這三群。而從影響各群組的因素中可以瞭解,「還款能力平穩—逾期風險低」群組,多為各方面信用持平良好的申貸者;「還款能力優良—逾期風險中」群組,多為具有理財管理特質、財務狀況良好的申貸者;「還款能力低下—逾期風險高」群組,多為具有債務因素、信用表現不佳、申貸動作頻繁的申貸者。 在放款利潤與風險方面,對三個群組之申貸戶分別採用不同方法放款,可以作到讓銀行對較少申貸戶放款並且可提升利潤並且改善損失。進行多元羅吉斯迴歸模型分析可以發掘出具影響力的因素,針對這些因素來進行分群後並採差異化放款方法,也可以作到對較少申貸戶放款並且能提升利潤以及降低損失的效果。由於因素代表具解釋性變數的歸納,配合這些具預測機能的因素及變數分群訂定差異化授信政策,有助於防範風險於未然。 / This research analyses the characteristics of small-scale credit loan applicants on the persepective of repay performances,allowing the banks not only to discriminate between good and bad applicants but also to establish different lending tatics for applicants of different repay performance groups。We also analyse the personal characteristics and joint credit informantion of these applicants to sieve out the representative factors,and study how these factors affect the repay performance groups。 Our research discovers that the applicants can be discriminanted into three groups:「low but steady repay ability—low overdue loss」、「good repay ability— acceptable overdue loss」、「very low repay ability—high overdue loss」。We can learn from those factors,that most applicants grouped as 「low but steady repay ability— low overdue loss」also have good credit qualities in other aspect;applicants grouped as 「good repay ability—acceptable overdue loss」 have finance management concept and good financial condition;applicants grouped as 「very low repay ability—high overdue loss」have debt burdens and bad credit qualities。 As for the revenues and riks,we can improve the profit and loss with fewer applicants by taking differenct lending policies to those three groups。By using multinomial logistic regression,we can discover those factors who has significant effects and use these factors to cluster applicants into groups and to adopt different lending policies for these groups。Because those factors represent the induction of the variables which can explain the applicants’ behaviors,we can somehow prevent the risks by establishing different policies with the coordination of these factors and clusters。
2

從微型貸款與就學貸款看貸款的關鍵成功因素 / The Study of key success factors of credit from the views of microcredit and student loan

王立彥, Wang, Li Yen Unknown Date (has links)
民國九十七年二月底,就學貸款的總申貸戶已突破九十萬人、總核貸金額也超過一千五百億台幣,雙雙創下歷史的新高;但在同時,學生逾期未繳的呆帳也成長到四十四億的台幣,逾放比相較一般銀行的2%,更是高達4.59%,中央銀行更認為其逾放比高達16%,這造成政府在財政上的龐大的負擔。 反觀近幾年被熱烈討論的微型貸款,其在貸款上的創新、和就學貸款同樣具有社會服務性質,將貸款提供給予貧困、一般商業銀行不願意接受的民眾,但又可以維持高度獨立的財務支撐性而為人稱奇。1970年代開始發展的微型貸款,其首位推行者Yunas於2006年時受到諾貝爾和平獎的肯定,其在孟加拉創辦的Grameen Bank更是創下97~99%的還款率。 是什麼因素造成原本商業銀行不接受的微型貸款可以成功,而實行良久的就學貸款卻面臨貸款難以回收的問題?本文希望透過商品及消費者的角度、而非傳統社會福利的角度來審視微型貸款和就學貸款;利用過去的文獻及個案,以及訪談在台灣的微型貸款計畫-創業鳳凰微型貸款、嬌生彭婉如貸款,來比較分析貸款成功的關鍵因素,以給予就學貸款改進上的建議。 本文利用現今普遍被銀行採用由Paul H. Hunn提出的信用貸款5P原則:People貸款戶、Purpose貸款用途、Payment還款來源、Protection債權保障、Perspective貸款戶展望;以及由Jerome McCarthy提出、經Philip Kotler推廣的行銷4P:Product 產品規劃、Price定價、Promotion產品促銷、Place通路劃分;透過這4P及5P原則來建立架構、分析比較個案。 本研究經由訪談個案相關人員、以及過去國內外文獻資料,瞭解到成功的貸款必須要注意三個關鍵的要素。一、計畫的設計必須配合當地環境:貸款的回收是透過借款人創造正向的經濟循環產生的收入,所以必須要有一個適合發展的政治社會環境;二、篩選願意接受改變的借款人並賦權:給予貸款者適當的能力及資源以幫助他們成功,這必須透過挑選有意願改變的人、給予需要的資源,包括貸款及訓練、或是諮詢顧問;三、透過社群來建立社會支援系統:透過建立借款人間正式或非正式的社群網絡,可以幫助資訊的交流及人脈的建立,提高借款人成功的機會及貸款計畫影響持續的時間。
3

台灣信用卡,現金卡(雙卡)信貸危機(卡債)之探討 / Study the Taiwan Credit Card and Cash Card Lending Crisis

趙菊香, Chao,chu- hsiang Unknown Date (has links)
近年來由於國民所得的提升、外匯增加,消費貸款相關法令鬆綁及政府政策刺激消費下,臺灣信用卡市場在外商銀行、新銀行的強力業務主導下,從1991年到2005年歷經了蓬勃發展、同業之間的激烈競爭、現金卡的發行加入競爭行列、整合型小額信用貸款的竄出,讓金融業以市場行銷為業務主導下,逐漸放鬆銀行的授信政策。在市場競爭及飽和下,消費者過度地消費和整體經濟持續低迷,終於引爆了嚴重的信用卡、現金卡逾期無法繳款的雙卡卡債問題。本研究欲從信用卡的成長、輔助現金卡的加入競爭行列,由各代表性的銀行發展中,探討出發生嚴重逾期放款的原因,再使用各銀行提供給金融監督管理委員會的重大資訊逐一分析,作為佐證之依據。 研究結果如下: 1. 銀行業為了業務成長,並未正確及適時地看待相關風險的控管,不斷的簡化辦卡程序、提高信用額度、增加信貸總額,以期增加信貸客戶數及客戶忠誠度。 2. 銀行業在擴張業務的同時沒有充分考慮到客戶的真實收入與負債比例,進而在發生嚴重的信貸危機時,違約比率不斷增加,銀行業亦承受了相當大打銷呆帳的金額。 3. 政府主導的統一債務協商機制,各銀行已逐漸從混亂中,走上標準作業,協商成功比率陸續提升中。未來卡片市場可否走向更健全:金融業、全民、主管機關都應更謹慎地處理消費者信用貸款的問題。 / Credit card market, driven by foreign banks and local new banks, had been boosting from 1991 to 2005 derived from GDP growth, hike of foreign exchange reserves, laws ease up, and government policies creating friendlier environment to boost consumer spending. In the same time, banks’ credit policies were loosened due to fierce competition among credit card issuers, issuances of cash card and integrated unsecured loan led by sales and marketing. Given the situation of over-banking and competition in credit card market, consumers overspent under the consistent economy recession triggered credit crunch for credit card and cash card, so called “Credit card and cash card lending crash”. This research intends to search for the root of this credit crunch by investigating the history of the growth of credit card business and issuance of cash card of major players in the market. Furthermore, this research also evidences the concluded root reasons by analyzing the important information reported to FSC by all the banks. The conclusions of the investigation are as follows: 1. Banking industry overemphasized on business growth so the related risks were not properly and timely controlled by simplifying application procedures and increasing credit lines hoping to enhance number of customers and strengthen customers’ loyalty. 2. Banking industry ignored the percentage of customers’ real income and liability while expanding their business rapidly. It further deepened the delinquency ratio and card issuers wrote off enormous amount of bad debts when credit crunch happened. 3. Debt Negotiation Plan (DNP) led by government enabled banks to set up “Standard Operation Procedures” (SOP) which helped banks to resume their card business back to normal. The success ratio of DNP is increasing gradually. The future of credit card market all depends on how banking industry, consumers, and government deal with the issues on consumer unsecured loans.
4

信用卡或融資型分期付款交易之研究

劉藝文 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統分期付款,原係由出賣人提供買受人之信用交易,後來因銀行等機構介入,使分期付款交易之兩造關係演變成出賣人、買受人及金融機構之三方法律關係。社會經濟活動不斷創新,交易類型早已脫逸出民事法律原本預期規制事項之外,實務上遂本於契約自由原則,而以交易雙方締結之契約作為決定當事人間權利義務之主要依據。 然而以定型化契約進行之信用卡或融資型分期付款交易,因為交易流程較為複雜,我國法律又欠缺詳細之具體規範,致使業者常利用其擬定不利於消費者之定型化約款而為交易。尤其是作為出賣人之企業經營者,以合作之金融業者所提供之信用貸款內容作為分期付款交易之條件,令消費者於交易時,同時簽下銀行信用貸款申請書,並由金融業者將交易對價總額一次撥付給出賣人,消費者則對於該金融業者分期償還。若交易標的為遞延型商品(服務),因可歸責於出賣人之事由致無法繼續履行給付義務,消費者卻因為銀行已經一次撥款,而無法行使同時履行抗辯等權利;此類交易複數契約間之關聯性與抗辯延伸之問題,頗值檢討研究。 本文擬以近年發生之信用卡或融資型分期付款交易等重大消費爭議,例如山基電信、亞力山大健身俱樂部等事件為主要研究對象,整理德、日兩國分期付款法制之沿革與重要規範,比較檢討我國法制之不足,並藉由釐清交易過程,探討對於此類交易之消費糾紛,應如何正確認定事實、適用法律,以避免經濟優勢地位者濫用契約自由。期能縮小分期付款交易相關當事人間權利義務與消費資訊之落差,以達成消費者保護法促進國民消費生活安全、提昇國民消費生活品質之目的。

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