自從中國大陸經濟改革開放之後，兩岸經貿交流愈來愈密集，台灣對中國大陸進出口比重逐年增加，中國大陸對台灣的經濟有一定的影響力。本研究利用Akita所發展出之擴展的成長因素分解公式來探討1997-2002年兩岸產業關聯效果及經貿效果，並進行二項政策模擬，一為當台灣對中國大陸進出口同時增減時對台灣經濟成長的影響，二為當中國大陸產值增加或減少1%和2%時對台灣經濟成長的影響。 實證結果顯示：Akita模型經濟成長因素分解效果之探討，從台灣國內最終需求、其他出口擴張、中國大陸對我國之最終需求、進口替代、台灣投入係數等五個效果以看，可以發現電機及電子產品對台灣經濟發展最為重要，其次是商業及餐飲旅館業。 政策模擬估計結果顯示：整體而言，開放中國大陸進口和對中國大陸出口，對台灣經濟發展是有利的，尤其是石化原料及其製品業，但仍有不獲利的產業，其中受害最大的是礦產業。另外，隨著中國大陸產值增加，台灣整體的產值成長率有遞減的現象。受挑戰的產業為其他製品業、石化原料及其製品業與電機及電子產品業。因此針對產業的特性，考慮兩岸產業結構以及比較利益前提下，採取適度之產業政策及兩岸對策對台灣經濟發展是必要的。

當今，臨區域性或世界性經濟整合風潮下，與台灣經濟發展密切之兩個鄰邦厥為中國大陸與日本。過去，日本學者提出雁行理論從詮釋台灣經濟奇蹟的發展模式與產業變遷歷程。然而近年來，中國大陸國民所得總量已超越日本成為世界第二大經濟體，而台灣經濟停滯於亞洲四小龍之末，又有經濟轉型瓶頸危機。因此，台灣須一方面保持與日本之傳統經貿關係，另方面，也需加強與中國大陸之經濟合作，以維台灣經濟成長動能。然而，不論台灣與中國大陸或日本之經濟合作，其實是一種既有合作又有競爭的動態關係。 在客觀環境上，台灣是海島型經濟，全球化與區域經濟自由貿易是目前左右全球經濟發展的兩股潮流。近年來，台灣薪資成長率與經濟成長率皆居亞洲四小龍之末以及產業升級瓶頸難以突破等問題，皆導致台灣經濟減速或失去動能等現象。基本上，台灣目前所處時代潮流，外有世界性或區域性經濟整合風潮，內有產業結構轉型瓶頸有待突破。因此，就外環境衝擊研究，本文擬對區域經濟整合做觀察與描述性探討，並在區域經濟整合基礎上，本文提出「兩岸經濟轉型理論」（或稱兩翅理論，以隱喻兩岸經濟之起飛）以為消解內部轉型困境之方，或為台灣產業轉型提供建言，並擬就兩岸目前既有或未來進一步的經濟合作做出理論性探討。在產業合作與未來展望上，本文提出以台灣服務業結合大陸經濟發展，以進軍全球市場。 / Today, under the regional or global economic integrational trend, Taiwan's economic development is closely dedicated by two neighboring countries, China and Japan. From the past, Japanese scholars has advocated from the flying geese paradigm for interpreting on Taiwan's economic miracle to the industrial transformation model. However, in recent years, the total national income in China has overtaken Japan to become the world's second largest economy, while Taiwan's economic stagnation causes the bottom of Four Asian Tigers. There are bottlenecks in economic transition crisis. Taiwan should maintain the traditional trade and economic relations with Japan. On the other hand, Taiwan should strengthen economic cooperation with the Mainland China in order to achieve Taiwan's economic growth momentum. However, regardless of the economic cooperation between Taiwan and Mainland China or Taiwan with Japan, their relationship becomes coopetition (a kind of both cooperation and competition) in a dynamic environment. Since Taiwan is an island-based economy, economic globalization and regional free trade is currently on the board. In recent years, Taiwan's economic growth rate and wage growth rate are far behind Four Asian Tigers and difficult to break through the bottleneck of industrial transformation. These are all leading to Taiwan's economic slowdown or loss of kinetic energy. Basically, in the current trend in which Taiwan and outside global or regional economy, there are industrial restructuring bottlenecks to be breakthrough. Therefore, in this paper on the regional economic integration, I observe and describe based on the proposal of "cross-strait economic transformation theory" (also known as Liang Chi theory, the metaphor of cross-strait economic takeoff ) that digests the internal party difficulties in transition, or provides suggestions for Taiwan's industrial transformation, and intends to maintain good relationships of two sides (Japan and Mainland China) for the further economic cooperation. On industrial cooperation and future prospects, we propose to combine service industry (finance, cultural and creative industries and so on) of Taiwan’s experience learnt from Japan, and the vast developing space in Mainland China’s service market, there is a chance to enter the global service market.

台灣自加入世界貿易組織（WTO）後，已對於服務業市場進行逐步開放，然面對全球服務貿易自由化之趨勢，以及我國產業結構面臨調整轉型之際，政府欲藉由服務業之發展，帶動經濟成長，使服務業成為我國經濟發展的新動能。由2004年行政院所提出「十二大服務業發展綱領及行動方案」至2009年推動的「服務業發展方案」，未來持續推動六大新興產業、十大重點服務業等細部措施，可看出政府近年來對於服務業的國內發展和對外拓展重視程度不斷增加，期望能將整體服務業的附加價值提升，創造就業機會，增進整體經濟與生活品質。 台灣於2002年加入世界貿易組織，服務業開放承諾項目共計119項，惟對中國大陸並未按照入會承諾履行開放義務，直到2010年6月29日，我國與中國大陸簽署兩岸經濟合作架構協議（Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement; 以下簡稱ECFA），開啟兩岸經貿自由化之契機，依兩岸經濟合作架構協議第4條規定，雙方後續將推動服務貿易協議，進一步開放服務業市場，未來我國將面臨服務業對中國大陸履行入會承諾之壓力。 本研究將分析兩岸服務業發展現況、相互開放情形及我國對中國大陸開放服務業之原則，探討未來ECFA服務貿易協議我國於協商時可能面臨之挑戰及市場開放議題可能涉及問題，並提出政策建議。 / Since Taiwan acceded to WTO, its services market has been stepping up the process of liberalization. However, confronting the trend of global liberalization of services trade and the change of industry structure, Taiwan government would like to boost its economic growth by developing services industry. The policies “A guiding plan for development of services (2004)” and “The program of services industry development (2009)” will keep promoting the six rising industries and the ten key services. Taiwan government focuses on not only its domestic but also foreign services markets in these years, hoping to increase the value added, employment opportunities and quality of life. Taiwan acceded to WTO in 2002 and opened 119 services sectors in GATS. But it didn’t fulfill its commitment of opening its services market to Mainland China. After, the signing of Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA on June 29, 2010,both governments have formally started the trade liberalization. According to ECFA Article 4, Both parties will enter into negotiation of an agreement on trade in services, for further liberalization of services market. By the time, Taiwan will encounter great difficulties in liberalizing its domestic market and the pressure of fulfilling its commitments in GATS. The study will try to analyze the liberalization status of cross-straits services market, the principle of Taiwan market liberalization to Mainland China, the difficulties of negotiation on trade in services, the issues regarding market access and suggestions.

企業要從競爭激烈的環境中脫穎而出，除了要有好的競爭策略與執行力外，擁有充足且低廉的資金、知名且廣受信賴的聲譽，以及優秀又肯為公司效力的經營團隊與員工，是企業領先競爭對手的必要條件。成功推動公司股票上市櫃，無疑是創造這些競爭優勢的重要關鍵。而如何為企業提供一個有效率而低成本的資本市場，同時提供投資人一個有保障又有成長率的投資平台，不但有利企業的後續發展，亦關係著該地資本市場的資金動能。 過去幾年大陸為避免經濟過熱及產生泡沫化之風險，故實施一連串的宏觀調控措施，使得台商在中國大陸籌資更形困難；另欲回台上市又遭遇政策及相關法令的限制，故部份大陸台商便計劃在大陸或香港上市，甚至為達香港上市要求之市值規模，而規劃台灣下市並以海外控股公司為掛牌主體在香港上市，這種連根拔起的舉動勢必影響台灣的資本市場及經濟發展。而自2008年5月馬政府上台執政以後，積極推動兩岸政策的鬆綁及若干的寬鬆優惠政策，重量級台商如旺旺、康師傅等紛紛回台發行TDR，且發行時投資人皆超額認購股票，供不應求下掛牌後漲幅不少。但鄰近的大陸及香港資本市場也在積極招商，鼓勵海外企業掛牌，而深圳創業板的成立，以吸引不少中小企業掛牌，加上上海國際板亦規劃在2011年成立，勢必也會衝擊鄰近的資本市場。因應大陸及香港資本市場的競爭，大陸宏觀調控政策、勞動合同法的實施、缺工及巨幅調薪現象，政府有無推出相關政策及措施來協助台商轉型並提升競爭力呢？冀望經由本研究，探討目前台商回台上市所面臨的問題與障礙，並提出相關建議以求解決之道，期盼能恢復資本市場動能及企業能擴大對台投資，使企業根留台灣，對台灣經濟永續發展。

The introduction of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed between China and Taiwan in 2010 has added a significantly important economic element to cross-strait relations. Little research has been done on cross-strait integration from an economic standpoint, and to analyze the potential for successful economic integration between the parties it is necessary to determine whether their political economies are compatible for integration. In this research comparative studies of the political economies of Taiwan and China are conducted with focuses on industrial orientation, market mechanisms, and the motivations driving major economic actors. This research focuses on Fujian and Guangdong, Taiwan’s closest economic partners on the mainland and the cornerstones of Beijing’s integration incentives, with a minor study conducted on Hong Kong-China integration due to similarities of economic integration mechanisms. This study uses models constructed by scholars on Chinese provincial protectionism and trade barriers to determine whether Taiwanese integration with the “Common China Market” will be mutually beneficial for the economies on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Economic indicators, trade trends, and economic policy incentives indicate that integration under ECFA is amplifying trade asymmetries and is stalling real economic growth in Taiwan. Findings also show that trade liberalization has allowed major trade barrier and protectionism-creating phenomena that were once limited to the mainland to contribute to cross-strait competition regime among the economies studied. This research contributes to the fledgling body of academic research on cross-strait economic integration and its impact on the parties directly impacted by it. Implications of this study show that it would be beneficial for the speed of ECFA integration to be reigned in, and for Taiwan to use the trade agreement as a counter to pursue bilateral regional trade that can ensure its competitiveness.

本論文探討台灣與大陸的金融合作發展。中國大陸本來實行計劃經濟體制，1978年開始進行改革開放。2001 年中國加入WTO之後，逐漸在金融、保險業、期貨業、銀行業對外開放。在這個過程中，台灣與大陸的金融合作日益緊密。2009年以來，台灣與大陸連續簽署了「海峽兩岸金融合作協議」、「兩岸金融監理備忘錄」（Memorandum of Understanding, MOU）、「兩岸經濟合作架構協議」（Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, ECFA）等。本論文依序分析了中國大陸的金融市場本質和改革狀況，以及目前中國大陸金融體系所存在的機會與缺點。此外，本論文也探討了兩岸金融合作的發展進程，特別是在簽署MOU和ECFA之後，將對台灣金融業所帶來的影響。 關鍵字：中國大陸金融市場、兩岸金融合作、兩岸金融監理備忘錄、兩岸經濟合作架構協議 / This dissertation discussed the financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China. After joining the WTO in 2001, the financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China is getting closer. Since 2009, Taiwan and mainland China signed “Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement” (ECFA) and “Memorandum of Understanding” (MOU). Furthermore, the Chinese financial market is relatively slow industries, financial institutions stationed after the impact is inevitable. This research analyzed the trend of the efficiency change before and after signing MOU and ECFA. Keywords: China financial market; Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement; The financial cooperation between Taiwan and mainland China; Memorandum of Understanding

1990年代以來，區域貿易協定的數目呈現倍數成長，發展到今日，全世界已約有230個FTA。然而臺灣卻因政治因素被屏除在區域經濟整合之外，將為臺灣經濟帶來諸多挑戰，我國若欲走出困境、強化在國際間的競爭力，勢必要有所作為。因此馬英九總統在競選總統時就以「與世界連結，參與全球區域經濟整合」為經貿政策主軸，而充分利用中國大陸現有的資源與市場，與其簽署區域貿易協定更是最具關鍵性的一步。經過多次正式與非正式的溝通協調，2010年6月29日，兩岸正式在重慶簽署ECFA，並於同年9月12日正式實施。 但從ECFA議題拋出到簽署實施，各界的爭辯從未停止，究竟ECFA對臺灣是危機還是轉機？是幫助臺灣走向世界還是被鎖進中國？值得深入研究，因此本文藉由國內外相關文獻來探討簽署ECFA對我國政治、經濟社會以及國家安全層面的影響，以增加閱讀者對ECFA的了解，也能成為政府推動ECFA的參考。 / Since 1990s, the number of the region trade agreements has been doubling, and until now there has been a total of 230 FTAs around the world. However, due to political factors, Taiwan has been dismissed outside the regional economies conformity, which will bring many obstacles toward the economic development in Taiwan. If our country intends to walk away from the dilemma and raise our competiveness, some steps must be taken. Therefore, while running for the presidency, President Ma Yingjiu brought up, 〝Links with the world, participates in the whole world regional economies conformity〞 as his economics and trade policy. By fully making using at the mainland China’s existing resources and markets, it was a must for Taiwan to sign the region trade agreement with china. After several official and unofficial communication and coordinating, on June 29, 2010, the Cross-Strait ECFA was signed officially in Chongqing, and implemented in the same year on September 12. Nevertheless, since the ECFA was carried out and signed, the debates from all walks of life has never come to an end. Is ECFA a crisis or a turning point for Taiwan？ Does it the help Taiwan to move toward the world or to be locked within China？It is worthwhile to conduct a research to clear out the doubts. This article dims to take a deeper look at how ECFA is influenced on Taiwan n terms of politics, economy, and national security. So that not only can the readers have a better understanding of the ECFA but also the government refers to it while the implementation of policy.

自從我方政府於1987年開放臺灣地區民眾赴大陸探親，並陸續放寬兩岸經貿交流的限制之後，海峽兩岸之間的經貿關係獲得了空前的突破與進展，不論是間接貿易或間接投資，均呈現大幅的成長。彼此之間的經貿往來已經形成緊密的經濟聯繫。 　　而在兩岸經貿往來日益密切之際，世界經濟也因「歐洲經濟區」與「北美自由貿易區」的實現而有朝向區域經濟整合的發展趨勢。面對這股世界經濟朝向區域化、集團化的發展趨勢，以及海峽兩岸經貿往來日益密切的事實，許多學者紛紛主張兩岸應該在現有的經貿交流基礎上，進一步實施經濟整合，希望能將同屬華人社會的台灣、大陸與香港等兩岸三地的經濟力量結合在一起，共同籌組一個屬於兩岸中國人的「大中華經濟圈」，藉以加強彼此間的經濟合作、促進此一地區的進步繁榮。基於以上所述，本論文之研究目的在於探討海峽兩岸是否有可能在現有的經貿交流基礎上，進一步實施經濟整合，建立一個以兩岸中國人為中心的區域性經濟組織。 　　本論文主要採用文獻分析法、比較研究法以及統計分析法等研究方法。在第二章探討海峽兩岸經貿關係之發展現況。第三章探討區域經濟整合之基本理論，包括經濟整合的定義、類型與效果，並以歐洲共同體為例，汲取其發展經驗。第四章則探討有關兩岸經濟整合之構想，分析大中華經濟圈的發展條件及限制並評析其可能產生之經濟效果。第五章探討兩岸經濟整合之展望，並對未來兩岸經濟合作的努力方向提出建言。 　　根據本論文的研究結果顯示：不論從地緣、血緣、親緣以及兩岸經濟資源秉賦互補等條件來看，海峽兩岸之間確實具有某些有利於兩岸三地進一步實施經濟整合的條件；但另一方面，兩岸之間也同時存在著(1)政治意識對立；(2)經濟制度迥異與(3)經濟發展程度懸殊等不利於兩岸進一步實施經濟整合的因素，尤其政治上的對立，更是兩岸實施經濟整合的最大障礙。現階段中共當局仍然堅持「一國兩制」的對臺政策，不承認中華民國為其對等之政治實體，致使任何形式之經濟整合均難以在兩岸之間實現。因此，現階段海峽兩岸之間仍未具備實施經濟整合之條件。

中國大陸自西元1979年開始實行經濟改革政策，銀行體系同時經歷了三十年的改革發展，依據中國加入世界貿易組織之承諾，其必須於2006年12月11日全面開放外資銀行登陸投資。為了面對外資銀行業可能帶來的激烈競爭與挑戰，中國政府大力支持與協助國有商業銀行進行一連串的體制改造及上市計畫，近年來中國銀行業整體的表現十分亮眼。 兩岸政府於2010年6月29日簽署之兩岸經濟合作架構協議(ECFA)，正式地為台灣的銀行業開啟通往大陸投資的一扇門，此篇論文藉由全面的研究分析中國銀行業的發展，並透過比較中國、美國及台灣具代表性的銀行在獲利能力、資產品質、流動性風險管理及新巴賽爾資本協議規定指標遵循情形等四個面向的表現，以期提供有意赴中國大陸投資之銀行業者對於當地情況有更多的概念與了解。 / After thirty years of economic and financial reforms, banking system in China has transformed from rigidly controlled to marketization nowadays with a variety of banking institutions coexist in the financial market. Among different kinds of banking institutions, large state-owned commercial banks dominate over half of total banking assets, their huge scale allow themselves to have leading positions and monopoly power in China’s banking industry. Under WTO regulations China must fully open markets for foreign banks’ investment started on December 11, 2006, before that most large state-owned commercial banks have restructured into joint-stock companies and went public sequentially in order to enhance competition for fierce challenges brought from foreign banks. Attributing to China government’s effort and support, the overall domestic banking performance has made a lot of progress in the past few years. By comparing banking performance with USA and Taiwan in four aspects of profitability, assets quality, liquidity risk management and capital adequacy ability, the study results demonstrate that general performance of banking sector and large state-owned commercial banks in China have improved greatly and even better than advanced countries in some respects. The signing of ECFA between cross-strait governments on June 29, 2010 starts a new page of Taiwan banks’ development in China, the study suggests that in the initial stage banks from Taiwan can explore markets of corporate banking by using their expertise in loans for small and medium enterprises which are always neglected by banks in China, and by providing services to Taiwan business people in China to explore markets of consumer banking, and then gradually expand market share.