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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

論Rawls的公共理性

楊詩諭 Unknown Date (has links)
本文目標在於耙梳Rawls公共理性的理念本身,並探討該理論是否完善。著重於何謂公共理性?公共理性能否達成其自身所預設的目的?理論有無不恰當之處? 為達此目的本文首先回溯Rawls公共理性的理念中之重要概念,Immanuel Kant和W. M. Sibley都給了Rawls很好的靈感。隨即進入公共理性的理論本身,目的在於使公共理性的各項內容清楚易懂,調理分明,包括:公共理性與非公共理性之區分、公共理性之範圍、公共理性的內容、判準及意義,以及公共理性之分類。最後回到Rawls公共理性的理論本身,檢視是否有不完善、不恰當或不實際之處。 經過對不同學者對於公共理性的批評、補充之分析,筆者則認為,應該儘量去除運用公共理性的範圍限制,但可以強調以相互性判準表達公民間的相互尊重。在相互尊重的前提之下,公共理性的擴大運用是多元文化衝突的解決方案之一。
2

論Rawls的公共理性之理念:以Rawls與Habermas之對比所展開的三種詮釋探討該理念在Rawls理論中的位置

陳俊宇 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文之首要目標在於針對Rawls後期思想體系的核心,亦即「公共理性之理念」的意涵與理論地位,以及他將「整全性的學說」排除於公共論理之外此一作法,透過提出三種詮釋觀點予以逐步釐清,並嘗試為Rawls加以辯護。第一章藉由說明Rawls以六個基本理念建構而成的基本理念體系,在其整體正義理論中將「公共理性之理念」予以初步定位。為了要進一步理解此一理念之主要特徵,以及它在當代政治哲學的中所扮演的角色與可能引發的相關爭議,在第二章中對於Habermas與審議式民主理論略作介紹,以作為理解Rawls的適當脈絡。第二章首先介紹Habermas對於「人權」與「人民主權」之緊張關係的分析,並將他用以解決此一爭議的理論設計,亦視為一種廣義的「公共理性之理念」來略加說明。至於第二章的末兩節,則以審議式民主理論內部的「實質性」與「程序性」之爭議為焦點,並指出「審議的無窮回歸」此一審議式民主理論無法解決的難題,以作為理解Rawls的「公共理性之理念」的線索。餘下的三至五章,依序提出了三種不同的詮釋觀點。第一種詮釋觀點將「公共理性之理念」理解為一種以審議式民主為理想藍圖的民主改革方案;第二種詮釋觀點則將該理念視為Rawls針對「自由憲政民主之理念」所提出的辯護方案:至於在第三種詮釋觀點中,「公共理性之理念」成為針對在TJ中仍有疏漏之證成策略的一種修正方案。
3

羅爾斯社會整合理論研究 / An Investigation of Rawls`s Theory of Social Unity

王冠生, Wang, Guann-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本文羅爾斯社會整合理論研究旨在探索羅爾斯整合理論之穩定性及其 整合性格的問題,全文分為社會聯結(social union)與社會整合(social unity)二個場域討論,在縱剖面上,以穩定性的問題為中心貫穿二個場域; 在橫剖面上,以對的優先性(the priority of theright)為支架吸納所欲 討論的子題. 就穩定性的問題來說,在社會聯結中羅爾斯訴諸於道德人的 自律與完序社會的正義感來確保正義制度的穩定性;在社會整合中羅爾斯 修正以各種整全性學說所形成的交疊共識(overlapping consensus)來保 障穩定性的達成 .最重要的是,筆者認為包含式公共理性(inclusive public reason)為促使交疊共識與穩定性達成的最主要力量.而就整合性 格來說,社會聯結純粹是為了避免成為私有社會(private society)的設 計;至於社會整合,筆者認為是羅爾斯面對當代多元主義事實下所欲完成的 政治哲學任務.而筆者特別要強調,雖然羅爾斯一再否認其學說為目的論式 的主張,然而筆者認為其社會聯結與社會整合的設計是有著公共善(public good)的概念,筆者認為羅爾斯的公共善就是一個正義社會的達成,此不僅 僅是公民們所分享的終極目標,亦是羅爾斯社會藍圖的終極理想.
4

羅爾斯公共理性理念研究 / A Study on Rawls's Idea of Public Reason

王冠生 Unknown Date (has links)
羅爾斯於一九九三年發表《政治自由主義》,試圖為多元社會的整合提供一套哲學基礎。羅爾斯認為價值的差異與分歧是當代社會的重要特徵,多元的宗教觀、哲學觀、道德觀、人生觀是一個既存的事實,然而合理的公民能夠形成「交疊共識」,支持一套政治性正義觀,作為規範社會基本結構的基礎。尤其在面對憲政核心爭議與基本正義問題時,合理的公民能夠擱置具爭議性的整全性學說,遵循公共理性的理念,根據同一套政治性正義觀所提供的政治價值與正義原則來解決爭議、凝聚共識、證成決策。不過,羅爾斯的公共理性論受到許多批評,其至少面臨「公共理性無法證成政治共識」、「公共理性不公平地排除整全性學說」、「公共理性是多種而非一種」、「公共理性將淪為膚淺的大眾理性」四種挑戰,此四種挑戰分別是對於公共理性之「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」、「公共性」的質疑。針對這些挑戰,羅爾斯對其理論進行了三項主要修正:第一,以「寬觀點公共理性」與「包含式公共理性」補充「排除式公共理性」。第二,公共理性的內容是由一整套「自由主義政治性正義觀之族系」所給定,「正義即公平」也只是諸多合理的政治性正義觀之一。第三,羅爾斯承認公共理性的侷限,然而在必要時,得以「基於公共理性的投票」做出決策。根據這些修正,筆者認為羅爾斯的公共理性論能夠回應「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」三方面的挑戰,但是仍無法完全解決「完備性」的問題。因此在本文中,筆者試圖以「寬觀點公共理性」與「廣泛的反思均衡」證成「羅爾斯式的審議理論」,以突破公共理性的限制。尤其是筆者認為,「羅爾斯式審議理論」具有「公共證成的審議模式」、「尊重民主文化」、「兼顧程序正義與實質正義」、「滿足『真誠要求』」、「強化公民意識」、「重視公共理由」等特質,體現了一種自由主義式的審議式民主理論。因此,當我們思索「多元社會的政治共識如何可能?」時,「羅爾斯式審議理論」是一項較合理的方案。 / This dissertation intends to explore John Rawls’s idea of public reason. Public reason is the core conception of Rawls’s political liberalism. Its subject is the public good concerning questions of fundamental political justice. Rawls argues that, though value diversity is the fact of a modern democratic society, reasonable citizens will follow a political conception of justice endorsed by the overlapping consensus between different kinds of comprehensive doctrines in order to resolve the deep conflicts. Especially, when the problems about constitutional essentials and basic justice occur, reasonable citizens will abide by the idea of public reason to deal with the problems. The idea of public reason is helpful for us to justify political consensus in a pluralistic society. However, some philosophers challenge the idea of public reason. They criticize that the idea of public reason cannot deal with the hard issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and affirmative action. Faced with these criticisms, Rawls revises his theory in three aspects. First, he revises the exclusive view of public reason by the inclusive view of public reason and the wide view of public reason. Secondly, he argues that the content of public reason is given by a family of reasonable political conceptions of justice. Thirdly, he asserts that we can make a political decision by voting in accordance with the idea of public reason if it is necessary. But, these revisions seems cannot completely overcome the shortcoming of the theory of public reason. Therefore, I want to justify Rawlsian deliberative theory based on the wide view of public reason and the wide reflective equilibrium to overcome the shortcoming of the idea of public reason. Owing to Rawlsian deliberative theory can reconcile liberalism and deliberative democracy, strengthen our civic friendship, and urge us to value public reasons more, I think it is a more plausible theory to justify political consensus in a modern pluralistic society.
5

國族的肚臍:一項關於國族建構的哲學性闡釋

李國維 Unknown Date (has links)
國族是什麼?國族主義又是什麼? 面對許許多多歧異又紛雜的關於國族與國族主義的論述,本論文嘗試另闢蹊徑,從哲學層面來闡釋這一問題。本文區分國族之形成的主觀條件與客觀條件,認為國族不同於國家與民族,不能單純以客觀條件作為依據,而是必須以主觀條件作為依據。本文又進一步區分形式條件與實質條件,認為主觀條件中必須同時包括形式條件與實質條件,也就是說,一群人若要組成一個國族共同體,這些人必須是出於各自之自由意志,決定共同組成一個不同於其他之團體的共同體,而且要尋找並形成某種歸屬核心,當做共同體之根本質素,使之成為維繫共同體之長久存續的道德基礎。 本文以羅爾斯的政治自由主義與民族觀點作為論述根基,由此開展一種新的國族觀點,一種特殊的、只在自由主義式的民主政治體制中存在的政治共同體。並認為,人類理性必然要求人類朝這樣的政治共同體邁進,使每個人的自由都夠有最合理的、最和諧的發展,而不致釀成戰爭衝突。 / What is “nation”? And what is “nationalism”? There are many diverse and conflicting theories about nations and nationalism. We look into these theories and then abandon them because there are too many definitions. We believe that the nation is a special and unique political community and it accrues only in the liberal constitutional democracy of the modern period. There are two kinds of conditions for the construction of a nation: the subjective condition and the objective conditions. The former is an inner characteristic, while the later are external features. Unlike a state or a people, a nation must be founded the subjective condition as much as the objective conditions. In other words, the subjective condition, human beings’ free will, is the essential bedrock for the construction of a nation. In this perspective, we further distinguish the formal condition from the substantive condition. The formal condition has no content; its only function is pure decision-making. If a group of people is willing to associate together and form a community, it’s necessary for them not only to make a decision but also to decide what community they want to be. Furthermore, they have to search for and fashion their own defining core as the underlying element of the community as well as the moral foundation for the continuance of the community. Based on John Rawls’ political liberalism and his views about peoples, this paper evolves a new viewpoint of the nation as a unique political community that exists only in the liberal democracy. We also assume it is required by human reason that mankind should move forward to such a political community, enabling everyone to develop his or her liberty in the most reasonable and harmonious way without leading to wars and conflicts.

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