艾凡赫（又名劫後英雄傳）是華特．史考特(Sir Walter Scott，有時譯為司各特)所作的威佛利系列小說(Waverley Novels)中最受歡的小說之一。史考特在出版了幾本有關蘇格蘭的小說之後，決定嘗試寫一部純粹只與英格蘭有關的作品。在閱覽評論艾凡赫的文章中，我發現大部分的學者忽略了艾凡赫或許與蘇格蘭有關的可能性。因此我決定透過蘇格蘭國族主義的角度來分析艾凡赫，探究其與蘇格蘭的關係。 從中古世紀到十九世紀的蘇格蘭歷史中，我得到了啟發。我認為我們可以將國族主義形成的過程分成「集體身分認同」、「國家和國族主義」以及「國家身分認同與進階國族主義」來討論。本論文共有五個章節，除了序論和結論之外，中間三個章節將按照上述的三點進行分析。第一章將藉由閱讀蘇格蘭中古歷史和文學作品從中了解蘇格蘭集體身分認同的形成，並將其形成的模式套用於艾凡赫，進而解釋理查國王(King Richard)如何建立英格蘭集體身分認同。第二章所探討的是蘇格蘭歷史與威佛利中蘇格蘭如何成為國家以及其國族主義的建立，並以所得的結果分析理查國王如何使英格蘭成為真正的國家與其建立英格蘭國族主義的手法。第三章將重點擺在小說中英格蘭國家身分認同與其進階的國族主義，希望經由與前兩章相同的對應手法反向解釋史考特如何運用艾凡赫表達自己的蘇格蘭國家身分認同以及其進階的蘇格蘭國族主義。 / Among Sir Walter Scott’s Waverley Novels, Ivanhoe is one of the most popular works. After writing several novels related to Scotland, Scott boldly attempted to create a purely English novel as an experiment in his life as a novelist. In reviewing the papers on Ivanhoe, I find that critics in and after Scott’s time seem to overlook the possibility that Ivanhoe, like any of its predecessor, is related to Scotland. Therefore, this thesis examines the relationship between Scottish history and Ivanhoe from the perspective of nationalism. Learning from Scottish history, I suggest discussing the formation of Scottish nationalism from aspects of “collective identity,” “nation and nationalism,” and “national identity and advanced nationalism.” The thesis is divided into three chapters according to aspects and a concluding chapter. Chapter One focuses on the building of Scottish identity in history and the building of English identity in Ivanhoe. Chapter Two discusses Scotland as a nation, the appearance of Scottish nationalism before the Union and Scottish nationalism in Waverley and Ivanhoe. Chapter Three looks into while the characters exhibit their English national identity and King Richard pursues his advanced English nationalism in the novel, Scott shows his Scottish national identity and develops an advanced Scottish nationalism that, with a well-preserved Scottish national identity, consecrates to reach a harmonious peace between the Scots and the English via Ivanhoe. Conclusion closes the thesis by reconfirming the relationship between Scott’s Ivanhoe and Scotland through the three-stage process of Scottish nationalism.

This study is thematic analysis that sought to identify nationalistic themes in mainland China's box-office hits in the 21st century. Box-office hits as the study material were picked because of their potential to spread the message they carry. Altogether, 14 movies were analyzed through a deconstruction, identifying scenes and dialogues that contained nationalistic appeals of both political and cultural nationalism as defined by Greenfeld (1992). During the coding process, 22 nationalistic themes were labeled, defined and described. Additionally, the study examined nationalistic structures of the movies taking Gries' (2004) nationalistic narratives and Smith's (1995) ethnic myths as a basis. Movies' background, and historical context adressing China's movie industry and Chinese nationalism are included for clarification purposes. The movies were found to exhibit manifestations of both cultural and political nationalism. It was found that movies financed and backed by government tend to show political nationalism while commercial movies exhibit cultural nationalism. For the movies' thematic structures, the shift from positive ones showing China's achievements towards negative ones expressing China's suffering was discovered. / This study is thematic analysis that sought to identify nationalistic themes in mainland China's box-office hits in the 21st century. Box-office hits as the study material were picked because of their potential to spread the message they carry. Altogether, 14 movies were analyzed through a deconstruction, identifying scenes and dialogues that contained nationalistic appeals of both political and cultural nationalism as defined by Greenfeld (1992). During the coding process, 22 nationalistic themes were labeled, defined and described. Additionally, the study examined nationalistic structures of the movies taking Gries' (2004) nationalistic narratives and Smith's (1995) ethnic myths as a basis. Movies' background, and historical context adressing China's movie industry and Chinese nationalism are included for clarification purposes. The movies were found to exhibit manifestations of both cultural and political nationalism. It was found that movies financed and backed by government tend to show political nationalism while commercial movies exhibit cultural nationalism. For the movies' thematic structures, the shift from positive ones showing China's achievements towards negative ones expressing China's suffering was discovered.

台灣與韓國過去曾多年在經濟產業與運動競賽交手，也因雙方在各層面的競合關係，導致大多數的台灣民眾對韓國觀感較差，然而此一情況在近二十年來因為韓國流行文化「韓流」進入台灣以後有所改變。 在台灣，韓流帶來的熱潮無所不在，從網上論壇的討論到電視螢幕上的瘋狂播放可見一斑。然而對於大多數以女性為主的韓流迷族群，在韓流熱潮中卻被媒體描述為瘋狂、失去理智的受害者，在日常生活中也必須面對來自他者的敵意。為進一步探討此一現象，本研究將著眼於研究女性韓流迷在日常生活中面對反韓情緒的經驗，了解她們的應對策略。 透過與12位女性韓流迷訪談，本研究發現：首先，即使女性韓流迷透過參與、消費韓流文化學習到相當可觀與韓國有關的知識，但卻難以將此一知識與反韓他者分享；再者，即便雙方並無直接交戰或其他歷史上敵對的背景，台灣的反韓情緒主要來自於媒體不斷操作的結果，形成代代相傳的集體意識；最後，對於反韓群眾而言，反韓情緒就像是一種「微型國族主義」，即使雙方無真正交戰敵對關係，卻能供給台灣反韓群眾抒發與韓國競爭所帶來的焦慮一處出口。 / Taiwan and South Korea have a long-time history competing with each other in sports and industries. Due to these competitions, most Taiwanese people dislike South Korea. However, in the two recent decades, the Korean Wave has gradually become globally recognized and has won a place in the Taiwanese market. In Taiwan, the hype of the Korean Wave can be seen from music programs on TV to the discussion forums on the Internet. Korean Wave fans, most of whom are female, have been portrayed in a maniacal and negative way in the meddled coverage by Taiwanese media. These fans not only need to endure discrimination by the media, but also in their daily interactions with other people who hold anti-Korean attitudes. This study intends to discuss how Korean Wave fans confront anti-Korean attitudes in their daily experiences. Through the interviews of twelve female fans, the study has found, first, that even though these fans learned valuable knowledge about South Korea during their participation in the Korean Wave, that great amount of knowledge is difficult to share or persuade the anti-Korean people who confront them. Second, the nationalistic antagonism towards South Korea has surged in Taiwan for decades, yet, there is no specific historic reason for Taiwanese people to be hostile towards South Korea. Under this circumstance, the nationalistic antagonism toward South Korea in Taiwan still existed as a kind of collective memory from generation to generation thanks to the news media. For those anti-Korean Taiwanese, the nationalistic antagonism may serve as a kind of petty nationalism that expresses their anxiety in facing and competing with South Korea.

在過去毛澤東時代，中國人耳熟能詳的民生用品，如回力球鞋、飛躍鞋、梅花牌運動服、海鷗相機、永久自行車等等。在中國面臨到一個消費社會下，這些中國國貨在2008年北京奧運的時候大規模地回潮。它的流行和受矚目的程度遠過於海爾（Haier）、聯想（Lenovo）、李寧這些中國品牌、中國製造的產品，也超越90年代初紅遍一時的毛澤東和其文化大革命的紅色產品。回溯這些中國復古國貨的歷史，多半是在改革開放後因敵不過跨國品牌而淡出了主流市場，卻在北京奧運的時候因受到以中國80後為主的年輕人的喜愛而逐漸回潮，運用得當的話可形成一種復古風格的Look，成為時下最流行的配件。 　　這些中國復古國貨是怎麼從90年代後的明日黃花到今日的重生？這說明了怎麼樣的中國社會變遷？本文從消費文化在中國扎根與發展，以及透過回力球鞋作為例子來探討這樣的轉變。發現這些中國復古國貨之所以能夠起死回生，主要的原因就在於，以80後為主的群體重新賦予這些產品現時的意義，透過了復古風格的包裝來提高產品的價值，區隔了中國國貨與中國「復古」國貨的不同。不僅如此，北京奧運的舉辦恰好匯合了90年代後中國社會所發展的消費主義和國族主義，無形中也造成這股流行得以持續發燒的原因。最後，在討論這樣的過程和結果時，發現中國國貨復古潮不僅替中國官方連結了市民社會的意識形態，穩定中國官方的文化霸權之外，也給中國企業激發出了消費族群和提高產品價值的方式，並為中國發展文化創意產業提供了必要的創意人才和創意資源。

國族是什麼？國族主義又是什麼？ 面對許許多多歧異又紛雜的關於國族與國族主義的論述，本論文嘗試另闢蹊徑，從哲學層面來闡釋這一問題。本文區分國族之形成的主觀條件與客觀條件，認為國族不同於國家與民族，不能單純以客觀條件作為依據，而是必須以主觀條件作為依據。本文又進一步區分形式條件與實質條件，認為主觀條件中必須同時包括形式條件與實質條件，也就是說，一群人若要組成一個國族共同體，這些人必須是出於各自之自由意志，決定共同組成一個不同於其他之團體的共同體，而且要尋找並形成某種歸屬核心，當做共同體之根本質素，使之成為維繫共同體之長久存續的道德基礎。 本文以羅爾斯的政治自由主義與民族觀點作為論述根基，由此開展一種新的國族觀點，一種特殊的、只在自由主義式的民主政治體制中存在的政治共同體。並認為，人類理性必然要求人類朝這樣的政治共同體邁進，使每個人的自由都夠有最合理的、最和諧的發展，而不致釀成戰爭衝突。 / What is “nation”? And what is “nationalism”? There are many diverse and conflicting theories about nations and nationalism. We look into these theories and then abandon them because there are too many definitions. We believe that the nation is a special and unique political community and it accrues only in the liberal constitutional democracy of the modern period. There are two kinds of conditions for the construction of a nation: the subjective condition and the objective conditions. The former is an inner characteristic, while the later are external features. Unlike a state or a people, a nation must be founded the subjective condition as much as the objective conditions. In other words, the subjective condition, human beings’ free will, is the essential bedrock for the construction of a nation. In this perspective, we further distinguish the formal condition from the substantive condition. The formal condition has no content; its only function is pure decision-making. If a group of people is willing to associate together and form a community, it’s necessary for them not only to make a decision but also to decide what community they want to be. Furthermore, they have to search for and fashion their own defining core as the underlying element of the community as well as the moral foundation for the continuance of the community. Based on John Rawls’ political liberalism and his views about peoples, this paper evolves a new viewpoint of the nation as a unique political community that exists only in the liberal democracy. We also assume it is required by human reason that mankind should move forward to such a political community, enabling everyone to develop his or her liberty in the most reasonable and harmonious way without leading to wars and conflicts.