在國際貿易活動，買賣雙方可能因為互不信任，買方擔心預先支付款項後，賣方不按交易合同要求出貨；賣方也擔心在出貨或提交貨運單據後買方不依約付款。因此需要兩家銀行作為買賣雙方的保證人，幫忙代為收款交單，以銀行的信用代替商業信用，銀行在這一方面的活動中所使用的工具就是信用狀(Letter of Credit，L/C)。 區塊鏈(Blockchain)，是一個分散式的帳本系統，採用密碼學技術來確保交易的正確性，公開、公正、透明及無法竄改特性，經濟學人稱之為信任機器(Trust Machine)。 本研究所採用的區塊鏈信用狀系統，應用區塊鏈加快‪國際貿易信用狀處理流程，則是利用區塊鏈(Blockchain)技術特性，建立一個區塊鏈交易應用平台，協助解決國際貿易時，各方參與角色的信任問題，達到傳統銀行的信用狀功能，使其中間交易支付過程可不需透過銀行，如此便可降低了銀行風險，以及降低貿易上的費用及縮短交易支付時間，根本上解決了貿易上最重要的信任問題，達到國際貿易的目的。 / In the case of international trade activities, buyers and sellers may be mistrustful and the buyer is worried that the seller will not be required to ship the goods after the advance payment; the seller is also concerned that the buyer will not pay the contract after the shipment or delivery of the shipping documents. So the two banks as the guarantor of buyers and sellers, to help on behalf of the payment of orders to the bank's credit instead of commercial credit, the bank in this area activities used in the tool is the letter of credit (Letter of Credit, L/C) The Blockchain is a decentralized ledger system that uses cryptography to ensure the correctness, openness, fairness, transparency and tampering of transactions. Economists call it Trust Machine. The blockchain trust system used in this research, the application of blockchain to speed up the international trade credit processing process, it is the use of blockchain technology characteristics, the establishment of a blockchain trading application platform to help solve international trade , The parties involved in the role of the trust of the problem, to the traditional bank's L/C function, so that the process of intermediate transactions can not be through the bank, so that can reduce the bank risk, as well as reduce trade costs and shorten the transaction payment time. It is easy to solve the most important issues of trust. To achieve the purpose of international trade.

在今日，實施綠色供應鏈管理不僅是遵守法規規範，更積極的是實施綠色供應鏈管理可為企業帶來更多競爭優勢，因此綠色供應鏈管理對企業而言越來越是值得探討與重視的議題。 目前綠色供應鏈管理平台的建立普遍是依賴政府或是第三方機構建立資料交換的機制，或是串接供應鏈上各個企業不同的企業系統達到資料交換的目的，然而這樣的做法有其風險。因為物料資料對企業來說是敏感且有價值的，企業須對提供儲存、資料交換服務的平台有高度信任度，且整個系統亦有中央集權式系統架構之缺陷。運用區塊鏈技術的特性可以解決這樣的問題，區塊鏈技術提供資料永久保存、不可篡改的分散式系統解決方案。本研究更近一步將區塊鏈技術結合加解密機制，讓資料僅有提供者本身以及其同意之查詢者能讀取，如此一來使得區塊鏈系統更具資料隱私之特性，並透過區塊鏈外部儲存系統的設計使儲存空間更易規模化，使得綠色供應鏈中大量、有價值物料資料之儲存、交換且須高度信賴物料資料不被篡改以及綠色認證不被篡改、偽造的這些議題能被解決。 / Nowadays, the implementation of green supply chain management system can bring more competitive advantages for enterprises. This issue is increasingly worthy of discussion. Until now, the establishment of green supply chain management platform generally depends on the government or third parties building the mechanism of exchanging the information, and connecting the various enterprises of different enterprises on supply chain to achieve the purpose of data exchange. However, the approach has risks. The features of blockchain technology can provide permanent preservation and tamper-proof system through the decentralized system solutions. Moreover, this study combines with data-privacy design and off-blockchain storage design to solve the problems of storaging and exchanging the valuable data and ensure material information and green certifications are tamper-proof.

近來服務生態系統席捲全球亦顛覆許多傳統產業。服務平台的最大宗旨是提供一個環境來媒合服務提供者與顧客，而本質是消弭提供商與顧客之間的中介者，但不論在平台或生態系統中仍存在中心的統治角色，而這情況出現矛盾，也造就機會。區塊鏈則是可提供解決的機會所在。不僅如此，生態系統運作中，服務為多個利害關係人共創價值的過程，其互動是極為複雜的。因此在生態系統中營造流暢體驗是關鍵議題。本研究發展一個工具讓生態系統設計者可以設計橫跨基於區塊鏈的生態系統並整合各流程的串連流程機制，讓利害關係人在互動過程中具有流暢體驗。 / In recent years, the service ecosystem flourishes around the world and disrupts the traditional market. Originally, matching customers’ needs with providers is the most important mission of a service platform. However, the nature of creating a platform or ecosystem is to get rid of the intermediators, but either in the platform or in the ecosystem, there is still a central firm to dominate them. This situation seems to both be a contradiction and be an opportunity. The chance to deal with this problem is blockchain. Moreover, in ecosystem, service which is provided not only by one stakeholder but also by interactional stakeholders, it becomes more complex and intricate. As a result, creating a swift and even flow in the ecosystem is a critical issue. In this study, we develop a conceptual framework to build a tool for designers of ecosystem to design the ideal linkware. This study focuses on creating a linkware that can integrate processes across the service ecosystem, achieving the maximum flow experience for the stakeholders within their interaction, and utilizing blockchain.

世界已步入資訊化社會，人們對於日常生活中的各項場景伴隨各種科技產品與技術逐漸習以為常，交易型態也大量引進電子化模式，便利、快速彷彿成為現在世代的代名詞，那麼，海上貨物運送流程，或是全球供應鏈是否也已經搭上電子化作業的潮流了？很可惜，答案是否定的。 海上貨物運送為歷史悠久的運送模式，至今仍是世界各國進行國際貿易的主要貨物運送管道，涉及眾多當事人及程序，交易模式也十分繁複，若能使用電子化管理系統，將能事半功倍，提升效能與效率。國際上雖已出現電子載貨證券，卻未被廣泛使用，本文從載貨證券之起源開始探討，並剖析載貨證券之困境以及電子載貨證券之歷程與發展障礙，進一步研究目前崛起的區塊鏈（Blockchain）科技，若能加以應用至電子載貨證券，實現全球供應鏈整合的未來將不遠矣。 除了技術應用，載貨證券之法制歷史與發展亦是本文研究目的之一，實務與法制之演變息息相關，從1924年的海牙規則至2008年的鹿特丹規則，從載貨證券至電子運送紀錄，國際公約的發展愈臻成熟，我國的海商法修正方案也終於得出研究結果，法律之制定若能貼合實務運作，亦即產、官、學界透過彼此交流，凝聚共識，早日完成海商法之修正，對於我國實務之運作將是極大之助益。

在後數位化時代，有無數的數位服務生態圈在爭奪著有限的市場。而要贏得這場競爭最好的方式就是遵照服務設計的理論來滿足顧客的渴望。本研究期望運用科技化的輔助方式來幫助服務設計者建立一個以顧客主導邏輯為基礎的區塊鏈服務生態系統。在這個方法裡面，我們必須要解譯服務設計者的服務價值主張，並且找出與之相關的價值活動來作為之後服務設計的樣本。最後透過服務渴望度、創新度以及利害關係人認可程度三個面向來衡量整個價值結構設計是否可行並有發展潛力。 / In the post-digital era, there are countless digital ecosystems to fight for the limited market share. Using service design theory to fulfill customers’ desire is the best way to win the competence. This paper proposes a technology facilitating approach to help service designers configure their blockchain-based service ecosystem with customer-dominate logic. We rephrase the service value proposition inputted by service designers and filtering related value activities as the model of designed ecosystem. To make the decentralized ecosystem become a destination, we have to examine the value configuration from three different perspectives which are desirability, disruption, and consensus. These three dimensions provide service designers with a method that can help assess if a configuration is making sense or not. After all, this paper is aimed to support service designers to create a digital destination ecosystem by recommending activities and evaluating score of ecosystem configuration.

近年來區塊鏈技術及其相關應用成為熱門焦點，區塊鏈最大的特色包含去中心化以及匿名性等特性，然而在這樣的分散式網路中我們很難判斷對方是否值得信賴，在數位憑證中我們透過可信賴第三方擔任憑證中心為用戶簽發金鑰憑證以此建立用戶之間的信賴關係，但在區塊鏈此種分散式網路中找到一個可信賴第三方實屬不易，並且可能會與區塊鏈去中心化之特性背道而馳，因此本研究參考PGP信任網與小世界理論的概念，建立一套可適用於分散式環境中基於聲譽的信任度評估機制，並將此機制結合智能合約實現一個信任度評估機制購物平台，目的希望用戶與陌生人交易前，可透過此機制計算出信任度，提供用戶做為參考，幫助用戶更容易判斷陌生人是否可信，以降低受騙風險。 / In recent years, the blockchain technology and its relevant applications become hot spots. The greatest feature of the blockchain is the decentralization. Nonetheless, it is difficult for us to judge whether the other person get involved in the decentralized network is credible. Furthermore, it is difficult to find a reliable third party in such a point-to-point network. Consequently, this paper refers to the PGP web of trust and the small world problem to establish a set of reputation-based trust evaluation mechanism for decentralized environments, we combine this mechanism with a smart contract to achieve a trust evaluation mechanism shopping platform, It is expected that achievements of the paper can facilitate people’s judgment regarding the reliability of strangers and reduce the risks of being deceived.

區塊鏈有著不可否認性、可追溯性以及共識性等特點，所有的交易內容都會完整的被記錄在區塊鏈上，基於上述幾項特性，我們利用區塊鏈來記錄公開資訊，將私密資料經由分散式秘密共享後再加密存放於智能合約中。其中，智能合約是一個能將交易狀態和交易狀態內嵌於區塊鏈上的應用，透過智能合約作為媒介，我們能夠將加密後的私密資料完整的存放於區塊鏈上，最後經由區塊鏈網路上的節點驗證後，達到資料正確性驗證的目的。 本研究分析現有的電子投票以及電子投標等應用的系統架構後，發現兩者皆存在著可信賴的第三方進行開票及開標的角色，且驗證流程繁瑣，無法提供一個便利性的投票與投標流程。此外，上述兩種應用皆須滿足機密性、不可否認性、匿名性以及可驗證性等安全性質，若能結合區塊鏈與智能合約於上述應用中，將可提升資料的可驗證性以及降低成本的負擔，對參與應用的人而言也能達到公開透明的需求。 因此，本文提出一個分散式架構下的電子投票與投標機制，結合區塊鏈以及智能合約的優點與技術，讓所有參與投票的選民、投標的廠商共同參與驗證與計算，並加強參與者的匿名性、資料傳輸的隱私性、開票與開標階段資料的可信賴性以及可驗證性。 / With the rise of blockchain technology, the core concept of decentralization has gradually drawn attention. In this context, the main objective of this study is to realize more convenient and secure electronic applications with the use of blockchain technology. This research is aimed to design a distributed e-voting and e-bidding system. The core idea is to combine the blockchain technology with secret sharing scheme and homomorphic encryption in order to realize the distributed e-voting and e-bidding application without a trusted third party. The system allows voters to participate in opening phase. It provides a public and transparent process while protecting the anonymity of voter’s and vendor’s identity, the privacy of data transmission and verifiability of data during the opening phase.

區塊鏈是一種高可行性的基礎建設技術，不僅能提高效率、降低建設成本，其交易透明化和避免篡改等特性更使之得以被廣泛應用。由於資訊科技蓬勃發展，互聯網革命伴隨著客戶主導邏輯的興起，平台思維對於服務設計而言早已不敷使用。因此，區塊鏈數位生態系統將成為下一代服務設計的解決方案，強調生態系統中利益相關者的價值共創欲目標追求。 以現況而言，仍有許多服務無法在現實中發展或得以維持，網路效應的影響在數位環境中是極為強大且不容忽視的。我們的研究旨在由此出發衡量區塊鏈數位生態系統的成敗。我們提出的方法能使設計師基於理解關鍵多數的實現和網絡效應水平的大小，來瞭解其設計的可適應性與競爭力，這是一個數位生態系統能否突破真空的關鍵。此方法還提供如何提升設計的指南，使服務設計能更有機會地進入網路效應的爆炸階段。 / Blockchain is an infrastructure technology not only restricted to the financial industry, but also feasible and affordable to facilitating the operation of service provision with efficiency, lower construction cost, information transparency and non-falsified characteristics. By virtue of the information technology booms swiftly, the revolution which Internet brings about, accompanies with the rise of customer-dominant logic, platform thinking is no longer sufficient for the service design. Consequently, blockchain-based digital ecosystem becomes a solution of the next generation’s service design aspect which stresses on value co-creation among all the stakeholders of the ecosystem and proceeds to the same proposition. However, there are many service provisions unable to launch or sustain in reality. The network externality of the Internet is the most powerful, indispensable and un-negligible effect in the digital environment. Our study aims to estimate and measure the success or failure of blockchain-based digital ecosystems from this perspective. We propose a method which enables blockchain-based digital ecosystem designers to comprehend with the adaptability and competitiveness of the fulfillment of the critical mass and the examination of network effect level. They are crucial to pass through the vacuum stage of ecosystem lifetime. The method also provides guides about how to improve the designs in order to have a greater opportunity to get into the explosion stage of ecosystem lifetime.