本研究主要探討是我國古蹟指定程序中的相關問題。在各章節中，分別討論古蹟保存的現代意義與內涵、古蹟指定的現況與問題、古蹟指定保存涉及人民財產權限制的情形、古蹟以及古蹟指定行政之特性、古蹟指定的執行與檢討等問題。 　　古蹟活保存為現代古蹟保存的趨勢。然而，現行的制度之下，古蹟指定的結果，僅是消極的限制古蹟所有人權益的行使，不但獎勵不足，而且在執行上是透過罰則，以達到嚇阻的效果，造成古蹟所有人的不滿，而排斥古蹟指定，或是在古蹟指定之後採取消極的抵抗策略，並無法滿足古蹟活保存的需求。為達成古蹟活保存的目的，古蹟指定的過程中，如何充分反應、接納住民意見，以兼顧古蹟的形體與精神，即為重要關鍵。 　　經歸納結果，古蹟具有公共財以及不具備可替代性兩大特色；古蹟指定行政，則具有不確定的法律概念的審查與專業人士跨領域參與、涉及廣泛的利益衝突以及普遍性的人民參與等特色。因此，古蹟保存工作的推行，政府有介入的必要，同時在保存手段上應以獎勵為主，而在古蹟指定程序的設計與檢討上，則必須兼顧古蹟活保存與古蹟與古蹟行政特性上的需求。例如，將民眾參與導入正式的古蹟指定程序、明確的界定利害關係人範圍，以利古蹟指定程序的進行。 　　本文另就古蹟指定實務上的問題加以探討，並認為，必須建立制度保護進行指定程序中的歷史遺跡，人民參與古蹟指定程序之參與對象、參與目的、參與方式，有予以明確規範與界定之必要，最後則是必須建立專業獨立的古蹟審查機制，並加強古蹟指定前之調查與研究，同時行政機關也應詳為說明古蹟指定之理由，始能讓古蹟指定的結果為人民所信賴。

國內過往對於古蹟的保存手法，造成古蹟去生命化的後果，原因除了其忽視再利用面向之經營規劃外，純粹性的觀光政策也簡化了古蹟的社會文化功能。故 「再利用」一詞，於近幾年問被各界提出與熱烈討論，試圖去轉變「古蹟」的消極功能。但事實上，現今國內古蹟保存政策法令，在支援「再利用」此概念時，仍有不足之處。《文化資產保存法》自民國七十一年公佈施行以來，歷經四次之增訂修正，對古蹟保存之發展提供改善的空間。然而對於再利用工作，始終未能有突破性的規範，導致古蹟保存工作就在體制不全的情況下，未能積極發揮其角色所蘊含的意義。緣此，本研究旨在分析自四○年代以來，國內古蹟保存政策之歷程，隨著社經環境的變遷，瞭解現階段古蹟保存政策法令與經營管理上之不足，並擬議古蹟保存再利用之整體配套策略，提供當前古蹟保存政策之參考。 首先，本研究藉由整理分析文獻資料與論述古蹟再利用之意義，進而依據時間序列，探討各階段之古蹟保存政策重點；並分別就行政、立法與社會結構面向，說明古蹟保存的當前困境。此外，藉由問卷調查方式，以釐清再利用機制應參酌的相關面向；並輔以個案調查訪談，以瞭解現行古蹟保存再利用工作之執行情形，作為研訂古蹟保存再利用策略之參考。最後，規劃古蹟保存再利用策略機制，確認古蹟保存再利用之目標，並建立再利用階段性策略，以對國內古蹟保存困境提出改善之道。 本研究結果在現況課題解決方面，建議釐清再利用之定義、建立行政資源統籌部會與修正私有古蹟委託管理相關條文規定；在問卷調查與個案研究方面，發現私有古蹟衝突有待化解、保存誘因不足、欠缺公開透明的再利用經營管理審查機制與經營管理方式欠缺監督與彈性化之問題；另於再利用機制之配套法令方面，建議應提高再利用計畫之執行位階、釐清再利用、修復工程計畫與經營管理工作三者間的關係，並且規範管理再利用收益事項。本研究參酌問卷調查結果，研擬再利用策略之執行機制，在參與主體對象上，建議古蹟所有權人、政府機關與非營利組織之投入；在推動方式方面，建議以社區總體營造、公私合作與商圈再造方式進行；於再利用階段性策略上，共分為三階段：前置基礎階段建議進行古蹟調查研究，以建立完整的歷史資料庫；第二階段強調再利用計畫與修復工程建設的平行協調；第三階段進行古蹟經營管理維護計畫，建構古蹟經營管理機制。期以上述之建議與策略機制，對國內古蹟保存工作有所助益。 關鍵字：古蹟保存政策、再利用、古蹟經營管理、文化資產保存法 / As for the historical preservation in Taiwan, we overlook the fact that preservation is to "reuse" a historical monument by management and planning, and the tourism policy only focused on "one dimension@Tourism", which simplified the social and cultural functions of historical monuments. As a result, we fail to revitalize our historical monuments. The catchphrase "reuse", in an attempt to transform the passive function of historical monuments, has been the center of attention among communities in recent years. However, the laws regulating the protection of historical monuments are not fully supportive to the concept of "reuse". "Cultural Assets Protection Law" enacted in 1982, had undergone four revisions due to the need to improve the development of historical preservation. Even so, we hardly see any breakthrough of the laws for the works of "reuse". The current legal system fails to take an active role in terms of historical preservation. Concerning this, the thesis aims to analyze the development of historical preservation policies since 1951. With the changes of social and economic environments, we need to understand the insufficient respects of policies or regulations in terms of management in the current stage, and propose a set of compatible strategies as a reference to the policies of historical preservation. At the first stage, the thesis is to compile and analyze existing documents looking for the significance of reusing historical monuments. Furthermore, in a chronological order, it studies the measures and policies of historical preservation in different stages in order to draw a picture of the difficulties that have been encountered in administrative, legislative and, social structural levels. In addition, the supplement of questionnaires is to clarify different perspectives that should be considered in terms of "reuse". Also, this study provides with individual interviews of the execution of "reuse" mechanism, to further understand the current situation and to offer reference to the policy makers. In the end, the thesis offers a framework to achieve the "reuse" mechanism and to confirm the goals of both preservation and reuse. With the establishment of reuse policies in different stages, the thesis offers a solution to improve the current difficult situations. As to the solution of existing problems, the thesis suggests that we clarify the definition of "reuse", establish a department for the administrative management, and revise the articles as well as clauses regarding private historical monuments. From the questionnaires and case studies, we find problems like the conflicts of private historical monuments, the lack of incentive for preservation, the absence of a transparent mechanism for examining reuse management, the absence of the inflexibility and the supervision over the management. As to the laws related to reuse mechanism, we suggest to raise the priority of implementing reuse projects, clarify the relationship among reuse, monument-repair projects, and administrative works, as well as regulate and manage the profits from reuse projects. Based on the result of the questionnaires to frame the implementation mechanism of the reuse strategies, we suggest participation of reuse by the owner, government and the NPOs, and community empowerment, public-private partnership and commercial region reconstruction to set into action. There are three stages on reuse strategies. First, we recommend monuments investigation and studies to establish the complete database; second, strengthening the parallel relationship of reuse projects and monument-repair projects; third, executing monument management project and construct its mechanism Based on above strategies, we believe historical preservation would benefit. Keywords : Historical Preservation Policy Reuse Historical Monument Management Cultural Assets Protection Law

市定古蹟紫藤廬是台北市文化局第一個古蹟委託私部門經營的館舍，也是嘗試將物理性的、實質的古蹟空間與紫藤廬長期的使用者與經營者所在意的，有茶文化與都市公共空間意涵的相互結合的，整合性保存案例。 在歷經一連串的保存運動而指定為古蹟之後，紫藤廬由一個私人經營的茶館，轉變為由台北市文化局委託社團法人中華紫藤文化協會(以下簡稱協會)，協會再將大部分空間以分包的方式承租給紫藤廬小吃店，以此構成市定古蹟紫藤廬的委託經營主體。 本研究以公共空間的理論角度切入，以四個層次的公共性，審視在台北市古蹟委託經營管理政策的執行下，市定古蹟紫藤廬的「公共」如何在這過程中挪移。市定古蹟紫藤廬的委託經營管理，原是摸索一個公共空間私營化，並將部分回饋於公共的創新方式，但在執行過程中，新的政府的公權力介入，原先私人經營的茶館轉而變成在契約下的商業行為，以及在公權力及私人經營主體之間扮演中介角色的協會，這三者之間交錯的關係，權力的拉扯，正是本研究的核心。 / Wisteria Tea House is the first case of the privatization of the management of historic site which also an integrated conservation case to attempt to integrate the physical historical space with the tea culture and the public space/sphere in the city. After the designation of historic building due to a series of conservation movements, the manager of Wisteria Tea House had transformed to Chinese Wisteria Cultural Association from private Wisteria Diner (an informal restaurant). Then the Association subcontracts the most of the space to Wisteria Diner to constitute the management subject. This research analyses the four dimensions of publics through a perspective of public space to review “the shift of public” in the implementation of the historic conservation policy of Taipei municipality. The management of Wisteria Tea House was an innovative way to search for the privatization of public space with the feedback fund. The core of the research is the tensions of power and the interwoven relationships through the commercial contracts among public power of municipal government, the mediator of the public organization of Association, and the real private manager, Wisteria Diner. / 第一章 導論 1 1.1研究緣起 1 1 .2文獻及理論回顧 4 1.2.1從公共的觀點談起：公共的多重性展現 4 1.2.2文化消費與古蹟保存 8 1.2.3作為一個個案：紫藤廬的既有研究 11 1.3研究發問與研究方法 13 1.3.1研究發問 13 1.3.2研究方法 14 1.3.3寫作架構 17 第二章 市定古蹟紫藤廬形構的歷史脈絡 19 2.1紫藤廬的歷史 20 2.2在什麼脈絡下保存策略提出 21 2.3從私人茶館到承租古蹟的私營關係 23 第三章 臺北市政府公權力的介入 27 3.1古蹟保存政策的轉變：從保存到管理維護到委託經營 28 3.2古蹟委託經營相關法規與其續約合約書的對照及現況分析 30 3.2.1委外經營雙方應簽訂書面契約 31 3.2.2委託經營管理項目 32 3.2.3再利用及委外經營管理 33 3.2.4經公告程序徵求民間機關參與 35 3.2.5委託時間（約期）的限制 36 3.2.6關於經費之編列 37 3.2.7定期監督 38 3.2.8市定古蹟紫藤廬租金及相關使用費 39 3.2.9各項稅捐 41 3.2.10各項收費 42 3.3契約書之比較分析 43 第四章 社團法人中華紫藤文化協會的角色與作用 45 4.1混沌之期：從無到有的過程 45 4.1.1紫藤廬指定古蹟之後的摸索階段 45 4.1.2成立紫藤文化協會：呼應市民連署之名，強調由下而上的組織 46 4.2古蹟委託經營管理時期：紫藤文化協會的更替及分析 47 4.2.1紫藤文化協會的更替 47 4.2.2協會更替所帶來的角色轉換 49 4.3紫藤文化協會及其協同團體的轉變及分析 50 4.3.1社區互動從有至無 50 4.3.2協會協同團體的轉變 51 4.3.3從相互合作到互相競奪 53 4.4分包合約的比較分析 56 4.4.1關係切割：從營業額回饋到租金概念 56 4.4.2免費活動場次消失 58 4.4.3資金流向 58 4.5在紫藤文化協會與公部門之間 59 4.5.1優勢？茶館為原有經營團隊 60 4.5.2古蹟營運督導委員會 61 4.6修繕計畫 65 第五章 紫藤廬的公共的多層次意義 69 5.1從私營變成公共空間私營？ 69 5.2從產權為公的官員宿舍到私人經營的茶館，公與私的不清 70 5.3成為古蹟必須延續的精神與公共性 71 5.4忽略差異，對公共性的實質傷害 72 5.5市定古蹟紫藤廬：私營化下的公共領域 73 5.6轉變：是公共還是私人 76 5.7假公共之名？ 77 第六章 結論 79 6.1古蹟委託經營管理：公權力與私經營的角力競奪 79 6.2市定古蹟紫藤廬作為一個公共空間的恢復 80 6.3古蹟委託經營是萬靈藥？ 81 參考文獻 83 書目及期刊 83 相關法規 88 其他資料 90 附錄 93

近年來天災地變頻傳，溫室效應導致全球暖化現象，有鑒於此，全球湧起節能減碳浪潮，低碳旅遊亦應運而生。根據聯合國氣候變遷小組之評估報告，旅遊業對氣候變遷影響重大，人為之溫室氣體排放是肇致氣候變遷異常之主因，如何兼顧日益蓬勃發展之旅遊業與有效抑止二氧化碳排放量之增加，係各國刻不容緩的課題。 台南市以府城古都聞名，轄內古蹟觀光旅遊為其重要收入來源，本研究以市府預計推展古蹟低碳旅遊計畫之相關利害關係人為研究對象，並以訪談法瞭解其需求與對市府之期待。 本研究結果指出台南市古蹟旅遊存有僅實施少數不實用之環保措施、民眾尚未養成搭乘大眾運輸工具習慣、既有街道巷弄過於狹小、居民發展心態矛盾與缺乏減少使用私人運具之誘因、綠色認證制度叫好不叫座、古蹟導覽人員培訓制度簡陋等現存之困境與瓶頸、以及民眾與市府間認知之落差，並對市府提出現有古蹟區軟硬體設備設施之改善與提升、加強產業綠色認證制度之實用性、積極發展古蹟低碳旅遊多元面貌、厚實古蹟文化園區內涵，加強市府行銷能見度、建議逐步養成民眾搭乘大眾運輸使用習慣、型塑台南成為亞洲阿姆斯特丹等六項建議方案。 / In recent years the natural disaster and diastrophism happen frequently, the greenhouse effect caused the global warm phenomenon, therefore, the whole world to surge the energy conservation to reduce the carbon tide, the low-carbon tourism also arises with the tide. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment report, the tourism is significant to the climate vicissitude influence, the human is initiates for it greenhouse gas emissions sends the climate vicissitude exceptionally principal factor, how gives dual attention to day by day tourism of the vigorous development and restrains increase effectively the carbon dioxide withdrawal, is the various countries' urgent topic. In Tainan is well-known take the prefectural city ancient capital, governs the heritage site sightseeing tourism as its important source of income, this research by the municipal government estimated promotes correlation of stakeholders of study the heritage low-carbon tourism plan, and understands their demands and to the municipal anticipations for Tainan city government. Research findings pointed out the Tainan heritage tourism extant difficulties and the bottleneck, as well as between the populace and the municipal government dropping variance of the cognition, and to the municipal government proposed improvement of and the promotion the existing heritage area soft and hardware equipment facility, usability of the enhancement industry green authentication system, develops the heritage low-carbon tourism multi-dimensional appearance, the thick heritage culture garden area connotation positively, the enhancement municipal government sells the visibility, fosters the populace to travel by the populace gradually to transport the use custom, models Tainan to become the Asian Amsterdam and so on six suggestion program.

由於政府實施週休二日及國人國民所得逐日增加，旅遊需求大幅提高，為適應國人1~2日旅遊型態，地區旅遊是目前與未來國民旅遊的重心。旅遊資源是大自然與人類文明歷史進展呈現給我們後代子孫的資產，它不僅提供人們休閒遊憩、賞景的功能，也負有教育、文化保存及資源保育的意義。 / 淡水地區旅遊資源可歸納為自然生態景觀資源、文化古蹟旅遊資源、廟宇參拜旅遊資源、地區聚落與街景旅遊資源、休閒農業旅遊資源、人為遊樂設施旅遊資源等，旅遊資源內涵豐沛。本研究選擇淡水地區為個案，探討地區旅遊資源未來發展之行銷策略，除針對旅遊資源分類、淡水地區旅遊資源分布及其發展現況作有系統的陳述外，另針對消費者對選定的17處景點作旅遊資源重要程度與滿意度以及遊客的旅遊體驗，進行相關問卷調查。從問卷設計、發出、回收及現場實地訪問後，再經資料整理，採用SPSS軟體統計分析，獲取淡水地區旅遊資源發展的狀況，並據此提出對策。 / 在消費者問卷調查後發現，大多數消費者認為淡水最具地方特色之旅遊資源為文化古蹟旅遊資源，而淡水未來最具發展潛力之旅遊資源為休閒農業，顯見該兩旅遊資源是淡水地區未來旅遊發展的重心。另本研究結果發現，淡水漁人碼頭、中正路老街、黃金水岸步道等遊客量特別高之景點，消費者對其旅遊資源重要度認知與滿意度認知都很高，而紅樹林、淡水河口賞鳥、淡水梯田賞景、鄞山寺、龍山寺、福佑宮、重建街古街、清水街古街等旅遊發展不振或遊客量低之景點，消費者對其旅遊資源重要度認知與滿意度認知相對偏低，顯見旅遊資源重要度認知與滿意度認知與遊客量呈顯著的正向影響關係。 / 為促使旅遊資源全面、永續發展以及現代化企業經營管理，本研究擬根據過去文獻、現地訪問了解、並參考問卷調查的結果，從規劃、政策、產品、價格、遊客、促銷、通路、包裝、夥伴等多面向的「9P」行銷概念研擬淡水地區六類旅遊資源行銷策略，並整合此六類旅遊資源行銷策略與政府旅遊政策，根據事實性變項分析以及從消費者對淡水地區旅遊資源重要性與滿意度認知之相關性等研擬未來淡水地區整體旅遊資源之行銷策略。 / Demand has been surging in Taiwan’s tourism market with the government’s implementation of the two-day weekend scheme and the increase of national per capita income. Countryside tourism is expected to dominate the domestic travel market because it best suits the one-to-two day holidays most common in Taiwan. Tourism resources are an inheritance from nature and our own history, and we need to pass this heritage on to our future generations. Tourism resources not only serve leisure, recreational and sightseeing functions, they also play a meaningful role in education, cultural preservation and resource conservation. / Tamsui’s countryside tourism resources may be categorized as natural and ecosystem resources, cultural relics and historical sites, temples and shrines, local communities and streets, recreational agriculture and amusement parks and facilities. Tamsui boasts a rich variety of tourism resources. / This research uses Tamsui as a case study to explore marketing strategies available to a locality in developing its tourism resources. In addition to a systematic description of the types of tourism resources, their distribution and current development in Tamsui, this research conducted a survey by questionnaire on 17 tourist spots selected by consumers to gauge their level of importance and consumer satisfaction and travel experience. This effort included the design, distribution and collection of questionnaires after on-site interviews. The study used SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to analyze the collected data on the development of tourism resources in Tamsui and provide recommendations based on the findings. / The questionnaires revealed that most consumers see cultural relics and historical sites as tourism resources that are unique to Tamsui, while recreational agriculture shows the greatest potential for development as a tourism resource. It is apparent that these two resources will be the focus of future development for Tamsui in the future. Meanwhile, this study showed that regarding such places as Tamsui’s Fisherman’s Wharf, Zhongzheng Old Street, the Gold Coast Walkway and other places that were thronged by visitors, consumers had a high level of satisfaction and recognition of the importance of tourism resources. On the other hand, consumers had a low level of satisfaction and recognition of the importance of tourism resources in low-traffic spots or those that were poorly developed such as the Tamsui River Mangrove Area (Hongshulin), the bird-watching area along the Tamsui River Estuary, terraced fields, the Yinshan Temple, the Longshan Temple, the Fuyou Temple, the Chongjian Old Street and Cingshuei Street. This shows there was a strong positive correlation between the level of satisfaction and recognition of the importance of tourism resources and the number of tourists. / In order to promote sustainable and comprehensive development of tourism resources and modern business-management practices, this paper proposes marketing strategies for six types of tourism resources in Tamsui based on a 9P concept (planning, policy, product, price, people, promotion, place, package and partnership) after the study of literature and on-site investigations. In addition, this research integrates the marketing strategies of the six types of tourism resources with the government’s corresponding tourism policies. Factual analysis of variance is conducted to explore the correlation between consumers’ perception of importance and level of satisfaction regarding tourism resources in Tamsui, so that a strategic marketing plan can be devised for Tamsui’s overall tourism resources in the future.