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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

以色列女兵制度之研究

傅靜思 Unknown Date (has links)
以色列是全世界有女兵的國家中,唯一對女性實行「徵兵制」的國家,1948年以色列建國即正式建置女兵部隊,以色列女兵自獨立戰爭開始歷經大小不同戰役,女兵與以色列建國有著密不可分之關聯與重要性,所以探討女兵在以色列國防軍中所扮演的角色與功能,將是本文研究之重點。 由於高科技對戰爭影響層面的多元化,就以色列國防體系作用而言,女兵亦擔任不可或缺的角色,當然也相對提升在軍隊中的功能與定位,本文亦將探討以國女兵於以色列國防軍建置背景、過程及擴展至軍中各層面之歷程,並分析女兵在歷次戰爭中所扮演的角色、歷史定位、與貢獻及分析以色列政府對女兵未來之政策走向。 1970年代開始,由於女性主義者爭取男女平等及軍中缺乏男性人力等因素,許多國家逐漸開放女性進入軍隊,在女性軍人日益增多且從事任務範圍越來越廣之際,「女兵」在軍隊中所扮演的角色地位愈形重要,遂成為眾所關注之課題。本文亦將扼要介紹目前世界女兵之概況,並以俄羅斯、美國、中共三個國家為研究重點,藉以了解目前女兵現況。 本文選擇兩種研究方法:文獻分析法及歷史研究法。因國內外研究以色列學者並不多,關於以色列女兵之研究專書及論文更是鳳毛麟角,研究時發現以色列女兵自1948年成立後,便禁止女兵從事戰鬥性職務角色,直到1994年由最高法院對愛麗斯.米樂(Alice Miller)案作出判例後,才重新讓女兵回到第一線,期間以國政府對女兵的角色定位及戰鬥職務之認定也將是本文研究內容。 本文分別由「人道考量」、「兵役制度」、「政府政策走向」之角度探討以色列女兵制度與政策之爭辯,並將分析以色列女兵的制度、貢獻與影響。
2

中華民國軍事戰略與兵役制度--募兵制之研究

李志堯 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文是以探討軍事戰略與兵役制度的關係,說明有國防建設就有軍事戰略的制定,其是建軍備戰的指導,旨在規劃武裝部隊的發展,以建立一支能打未來戰爭,有效捍衛國家安全的勁旅。然軍事戰略的範疇,不只是籌獲武器裝備的問題,尚包括整建陸、海、空三軍武裝部隊之事宜,而兵役制度的任務,即是供應建軍所需的各種兵員,以支持軍事戰略的規劃。因此,基於國防安全情勢所制定的軍事戰略,對兵役制度的選擇有直接影響。唯評估中華民國當前軍事戰略對建軍備戰規劃與現行兵役制度對兵員供應配合,發現仍有下列落差:(一)守勢戰略與兵力結構的汗格; (二)科技建軍與兵員役期的脫節;(三)戰備要求與訓練投資的罅隙;(四)役男適應不良與部隊管教困擾。倘若上述問題未能藉由施行募兵制加以克服,則軍事戰略的規劃難期落實,軍隊戰力之維持將行衰退,而國家安全的維護亦會受到影響。既然走向募兵制已是時勢所趨,故需營造招募市場誘因,妥採相關的配套措施,方利招募工作之推展。 關鍵字:軍事戰略、兵力結構、兵役制度、徵兵制、募兵制。
3

臺灣兵役制度改革之研析 / A study of military service refrom in Taiwan

胡書蓉, Hu, Su-Jung Unknown Date (has links)
This study sought to examine those factors that make voluntary enlistment feasible among most advanced industrial countries nowadays. Also aims to find out actors that lead Taiwan to follow the global trend to change from conscription to voluntary enlistment, the intention behind such a policy, challenges or problems has occurred or might emerge in the future, and how to deal with them. In order to answer the questions, this study used literature analysis and comparative method to collect related materials to analyze global trend and development of military service, make comparison of different types of military service systems and study policies of Taiwanese military service and reform in detail. Analysis of this study shows that on the way of changing from conscription to voluntary enlistment, Taiwan faces several limitations such as low recruitment rates of professional soldiers, poor military discipline, a lack of public interests, rigid legal regulations, threats to national security, insufficient supporting programs, uneven distribution of military spending and workloads. This study comes up with some policy suggestions such as the government should raise social status of the military and public trust in the military,prolong service length of four-months military training, improve supporting programs and welfare of voluntary enlistment, improve balanced allocation of national defense spending on military personnel and weapons, adjust patterns of military training to improve specialization in the military, and evenly distribute the number of soldiers supply (according to college calendar) to smoothly realize military service reform in Taiwan.
4

志願役與義務役士官兵對新兵役制度看法之研究~以國軍北部地面部隊為例

劉宏武 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在於探討士官兵的個人背景與其服役滿意度、服役期滿的生涯規劃,及對以「募兵為主、徵兵為輔」新兵役制度看法的關係。研究母體為新竹(含)以北地區的士官兵。研究方法採取量化與質性兩種,在量的方面,採用問卷調查法;在質的方面,則採取焦點團體訪談法,蒐集本研究所需的資料後,先以描述性統計分析、卡方檢定等統計方法進行資料處理分析,再與訪談資料做比對分析,以瞭解士官兵服役滿意度,及對新兵役制度的的看法。主要研究發現如下: 一、士官兵服役滿意度不高的主要因素,來自於對直屬長官工作要求標準、任務管制不當,以及對內部管理方式、薪資偏低、獎懲不公、無進修機會等不滿意所造成。這些都屬於Maslow「需求層次理論」中低層次的「生理」和「安全」需求的不滿足,與Herzberg「二因子理論」中「保健因素」的不滿足。 二、服役滿意度「低」者,於服役期滿時愈會選擇「退伍」,反之,選擇「留營」的比例就愈高;服役滿意度「愈低」,對軍人社會形象的評價「愈低」,反之,則「愈高」;服役滿意度「低」者,對職業軍人較「不信任」,反之,則「愈信任」。因此,士官兵「服役滿意度」的高低,不但會影響其服役期滿後的「生涯規劃」,也會影響其對軍人「社會形象」和對職業軍人「信任感」的看法。 三、士官兵支持兵役制度朝以「募兵為主、徵兵為輔,」的方向規劃,但卻不贊成家人或親友擔任職業軍人。 四、士官兵認為「實施上、下班制」、強調「薪資福利」的優點,及期望在軍中能學到想要學到的專長,是招募志願士兵的主要誘因。 五、士官兵對目前的役期和薪資水準不滿意,認為「工作穩定」和「薪資福利好」是考慮自願留營的主要原因,顯示當前士官兵強調的只是Maslow低層次需求的滿足。
5

我國高中與大學應屆畢業生對兵役制度轉型為「募兵制」的態度與職業選擇之研究 / Senior high and college graduates’ attitiudes toward military draft system transition and their career plans

李意超 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的主要探討高中與大學應屆畢業生對國家兵役制度支持與職業選擇對應關係,期能藉由本次研究結果作為爾後兵役政策制(修)定之參考。研究樣本為部份高中與大學的應屆畢業生。研究方法採配額(quota)抽樣法實施問卷調查,蒐集本研究所需的資料後,以描述性統計分析、卡方檢定等統計方法進行資料處理分析。主要研究發現如下: 一、男性學生支持募兵制的比例較女性學生來的高,就學歷而言,以私立大學較為支持;就戶籍地來分析,則以東部地區的學生較為支持。 二、學生對現行兵役制度轉型為募兵制態度與家庭環境並沒有直接的關聯,僅母親職業為家管的學生,支持兵役制度轉型的比例較高。 三、就學生個人背景中,有較高意願成為職業軍人的變項為:私立高中、戶籍地在東部、性格外向度高、學校所在東部與證照數量有3張者最高。明顯可以看出,從軍意願較高的是較具社會競爭力與城鄉都市化較慢的族群,唯一特別的是,證照數量有3張的學生,從軍意願較沒有證照的學生高出許多。 四、學生家庭環境中的家庭收入、父親教育程度與父母親的從軍鼓勵,均會提高學生成為職業軍人的意願,其中以家庭收入最為明顯,經濟能力較差的家庭,學生從軍意願較家庭經濟環境好的學生高出許多。 五、學生對國軍的認知與從軍意願有明顯的關聯,學生對國軍的印象越好,從軍的意願越高;對國軍福利待遇越暸解,從軍的意願也越高。 六、多數的學生均支持兵役制度的轉型,支持募兵制的學生,從軍的意願高於不支持推動募兵制的學生;本研究另發現,願意成為職業軍人主要的原因是「薪資優渥」,其次為「會有穩定的退休生活」;而不願意成為職業軍人主要的理由是「缺少自由」,其次為「無法實現個人成就」。 七、學生從軍的工作職務,多數選擇志願役軍官,選擇志願役士官的比例次之,而選擇志願士兵的比例最低。選擇志願役軍官的學生,又以男性、私立大學、戶籍地於東部的學生比例較高;統計資料顯示,學生從軍職務優先選擇軍官的人數較多,職務選擇士兵意願是最低,這或許是因為多數人認為軍官工作項目比士官或士兵都來得輕鬆,薪資也較高有直接的關係。
6

從1990年代美國新軍事變革探討中共兵役制度的傳承與變革

于曉雯 Unknown Date (has links)
中共自上一世紀90年代後期迄今,頻密改革兵役制度,及頒布各式相關改革兵役制度的行政命令。本文旨在以現實主義的理論,透過軍事變革的研究途逕,探討1990年代以來美國新軍事變革對中共兵役制度的衝擊。 自從美國在1990年第一次波灣戰爭中展示其新軍事變革之初步成果,向世人揭示信息化的戰爭形態以來,世界各先進國家紛紛跟進。由於此波變革起源於信息科技導入戰爭作為,各項武器裝備、戰鬥方式的科技含量提高,因此實施變革的部隊較過去需要更多具高教育水準人員,來進行專業要求高的軍事操作;而這些部隊為減少同樣的教育訓練一再重複實施,亦多設法延長這些具專業技能的基層人員留營時間。基此,多數從事軍事變革國家改採募兵制,以滿足提高基層高素質人員比例和延長前述人員留營時間的建軍需要。 中共基於國家安全的考量,亦於1993年宣示開展軍事變革,並且為此積極進行軍事人才培養;惟在實施變革過程中,中共也曾透露,其每年例行的徵兵工作存在高素質新兵徵集困難問題,現行制度亦難以為部隊傳承重要經驗,影響軍事變革的實施;然而,何以中共未如其他多數實施軍事變革的國家一般,改採募兵制,而堅持在現有的兵役制度基礎上進行徵兵改革? 本論文認為,雖然中共的新軍事變革係取法美國,且亦如其他先進國家般,由於實施新軍事變革,需要更多具有高教育水準的青年進入部隊;然而以中共現行兵役制度觀之,其並不需要實施募兵制,主要原因在於,中共之兵役制度係依其國情特色制定之,雖異於其他國家,但具募兵制之特性,有利於組建高素質之部隊。上述假設命題,可以進一步解析為下列邏輯相關的子命題: 一、美國新軍事變革令中共瞭解,如再不加緊軍事現代化腳步,其軍事力量將與其他國家存在時代差,無法支撐其國際地位;加以美國自蘇聯解體後,多次對外提出中國為其潛在競爭對手之說法,對中共國家安全形成壓力,故而激發中共實施新軍事變革。 二、此波新軍事變革的主要內容是信息化。由於部隊歷經新軍事變革之後,其各項專業職務之科技含量提高,需要更多高教育水準之青年投入部隊接受專業訓練,並進行技術傳承,此一變化對原有兵役制度造成衝擊,故迫使中共修改兵役制度,以吸收更多高素質青年投入軍旅,成為保留軍隊經驗的技術骨幹。 三、中共的義務役士兵徵召方式,有別於我國的義務役兵役制度,其在士兵徵選上,含有嚴謹的淘汰制度,有助解放軍選擇合乎需求的人員進入軍隊;同時,士官選拔制度亦有利將熟於軍事技能的義務役士兵長時間的留在部隊。因此,可以說,中共的兵役制度實際上具有募兵制的特點,既可為部隊篩選優秀的人才進入部隊,亦有將人才留在部隊長期發展的功能。 / The P. R. C. has frequently reformed the national military service since the late 90s of last century, and promulgated executive orders for all kinds of national military service reform. This purpose of this study is aimed at exploring the impact of the new transformation of military affairs in the United States since the 1990s on the P.R.C. military service system in terms of realist theories and the military transformation approach. Since the First Persian Gulf War in 1990, the United States has shown preliminary results of its new transformation in military affairs to reveal the war formula of information technology to the world, and the advanced countries in the world have followed suit. This wave of changes originated in information technology integrated into the war as various weapons and military equipment and combat approaches, to improve the technological content. The implementation of military transformation needs more well-trained personnel to carry out the high standard of professional requirements of military operations than before, and these troops will also try to extend the service term for well-trained staffs to stay in the military service in order to reduce repeated implementation of same training courses. Based on this situation, most countries implemented the military transformation to the enlistment system to meet the requirement for primary proportion increases of highly trained personnel and extension of service term of the aforementioned personnel to stay. Based on the considerations of national security, the P. R. C. has declared to carry out transformation in military affairs in 1993, and to achieve this goal the P. R. C. has actively implemented military personnel training; while in the process of implementing military transformation, the P. R. C. has revealed difficulties in its annual military new personnel recruitment work for recruiting high-quality personnel. The current system can hardly let the troops pass on important experiences and therefore interferes with the implementation of the transformation in military affairs; however, why did the P. R.C., unlike most other countries, not conduct military transformation to change to the enlistment system, but insisted on the conscription reform of the existing system of military service? In this study, it argues that although the P. R. C. military transformation was learned from the United States, and just like all other advanced countries that implemented the new military transformation, the P. R. C. required more highly educated young people to enter service; however, the concept of the existing military service system in the P. R. C. does not require the implementation of the volunteer military service, mainly because the P. R. C. military service system is designed according to their national conditions and characteristics. Although different from other countries, this system has the characteristics of a volunteer military service, which is conducive to the formation of high-quality troops. The proposition of the above assumptions can be analyzed into sub-propositions for the following logic: 1.The new U.S. military transformation has led the P. R. C. to understand that if they do not step up military modernization and keep its pace of military power with other countries, they will be unable to stand their international status; additionally, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, United States has stated multiple times that the P. R. C. is its potential competitor, and this has put pressure on the national security of the P. R. C., and therefore stimulates the P. R. C. in the implementation of new military transformation. 2.The main content of this wave of new military transformation is information technology. The science and technology content of the troops’ professional duties have increased after new transformation in military affairs, and need more highly educated young people to join the service to receive professional training and proceed with technical heritage. The impact of this change on the original system of military service has forced the P. R. C. to modify its military service system, in order to attract more high-quality young people into service to retain the experiences of technical frameworks. 3.The P. R. C. conscripts soldiers in a way different from the conscripted military service system of our country. Their soldiers are selected with a rigorous elimination system to help the People's Liberation Army choose personnel that meet their demands; and the noncommissioned officer selection system is favorable to keep skilled conscripted soldiers to remain longer in the army. Therefore, it can be said that the P. R. C.’s military service system in fact has characteristics of a volunteer force for the troops to both select the best people to enter the forces, and the function to keep talented personnel stay in the service for long-term development.

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