• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 8
  • 7
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 7
  • 5
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

中華民國軍事戰略與兵役制度--募兵制之研究

李志堯 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文是以探討軍事戰略與兵役制度的關係,說明有國防建設就有軍事戰略的制定,其是建軍備戰的指導,旨在規劃武裝部隊的發展,以建立一支能打未來戰爭,有效捍衛國家安全的勁旅。然軍事戰略的範疇,不只是籌獲武器裝備的問題,尚包括整建陸、海、空三軍武裝部隊之事宜,而兵役制度的任務,即是供應建軍所需的各種兵員,以支持軍事戰略的規劃。因此,基於國防安全情勢所制定的軍事戰略,對兵役制度的選擇有直接影響。唯評估中華民國當前軍事戰略對建軍備戰規劃與現行兵役制度對兵員供應配合,發現仍有下列落差:(一)守勢戰略與兵力結構的汗格; (二)科技建軍與兵員役期的脫節;(三)戰備要求與訓練投資的罅隙;(四)役男適應不良與部隊管教困擾。倘若上述問題未能藉由施行募兵制加以克服,則軍事戰略的規劃難期落實,軍隊戰力之維持將行衰退,而國家安全的維護亦會受到影響。既然走向募兵制已是時勢所趨,故需營造招募市場誘因,妥採相關的配套措施,方利招募工作之推展。 關鍵字:軍事戰略、兵力結構、兵役制度、徵兵制、募兵制。
2

審慎思辯式民意調查在政策規劃之應用----政大學生對募兵制態度之分析

黎士華 Unknown Date (has links)
我國自1980年代以來,民主改革進程快速,程序性的的民主機制(procedural democracy)如公平的選舉與競爭性的政黨政治,已逐步建立,如何提昇民主品質已是朝野共同努力的續階任務。在不同的改革方向中,政策過程的公民參與以及民主審議已逐漸受到學界的重視與熱烈討論,不過目前學界主要仍停留在規範性的探討或實驗設計的階段,對於如何實踐審慎思辯式民主仍未有系統性的研究。為了落實公民審慎思辯的功能,James Fishkin提出審慎思辯式民意調查機制,希望有助於探求經過審慎思辯且具有代表性、值得聆聽的民意。為了探索審慎思辯式民意調查的操作過程以及參與者在經過深思熟慮後態度是否發生轉變,本論文嘗試透過檢閱相關文獻,引介國外實施審慎思辯式民意調查的經驗外,並以「我國是否實施募兵制」之政策議題,對國立政治大學選修軍訓課的大學部學生進行審慎思辯式的民意調查。而本論文實驗結果發現,審慎思辯的過程不但使得參與者對議題認知更清楚,同時在資訊相對充分的情況下,部分參與者的政治偏好將與資訊較為缺乏的情況下有所不同,此結果無異強化對於民眾無知的悲觀主義者論點,也就是民眾在資訊不足的情況下,其真正偏好往往受到各種環境因素的扭曲,而無法適切的表達。 故本論文主張,現階段我國可以從大都會的社區進行審慎思辯式的民意調查,因為在這些地區資訊流通較為快速,比較能進行精緻的對話;同時,可結合超然的民間團體、學術單位以及媒體的力量,針對大家共同關切而具有爭議性的議題,舉辦審慎思辯式的民意調查;最後,可利用網路民主機制,作為審慎思辯式民意調查的另一種介面與途徑。總之,不論採用哪種方式蒐集民意,唯有確實履踐審慎思辯的精神,才能還給人民在民主政治下真正的聲音與力量。
3

臺灣兵役制度改革之研析 / A study of military service refrom in Taiwan

胡書蓉, Hu, Su-Jung Unknown Date (has links)
This study sought to examine those factors that make voluntary enlistment feasible among most advanced industrial countries nowadays. Also aims to find out actors that lead Taiwan to follow the global trend to change from conscription to voluntary enlistment, the intention behind such a policy, challenges or problems has occurred or might emerge in the future, and how to deal with them. In order to answer the questions, this study used literature analysis and comparative method to collect related materials to analyze global trend and development of military service, make comparison of different types of military service systems and study policies of Taiwanese military service and reform in detail. Analysis of this study shows that on the way of changing from conscription to voluntary enlistment, Taiwan faces several limitations such as low recruitment rates of professional soldiers, poor military discipline, a lack of public interests, rigid legal regulations, threats to national security, insufficient supporting programs, uneven distribution of military spending and workloads. This study comes up with some policy suggestions such as the government should raise social status of the military and public trust in the military,prolong service length of four-months military training, improve supporting programs and welfare of voluntary enlistment, improve balanced allocation of national defense spending on military personnel and weapons, adjust patterns of military training to improve specialization in the military, and evenly distribute the number of soldiers supply (according to college calendar) to smoothly realize military service reform in Taiwan.
4

志願役與義務役士官兵對新兵役制度看法之研究~以國軍北部地面部隊為例

劉宏武 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在於探討士官兵的個人背景與其服役滿意度、服役期滿的生涯規劃,及對以「募兵為主、徵兵為輔」新兵役制度看法的關係。研究母體為新竹(含)以北地區的士官兵。研究方法採取量化與質性兩種,在量的方面,採用問卷調查法;在質的方面,則採取焦點團體訪談法,蒐集本研究所需的資料後,先以描述性統計分析、卡方檢定等統計方法進行資料處理分析,再與訪談資料做比對分析,以瞭解士官兵服役滿意度,及對新兵役制度的的看法。主要研究發現如下: 一、士官兵服役滿意度不高的主要因素,來自於對直屬長官工作要求標準、任務管制不當,以及對內部管理方式、薪資偏低、獎懲不公、無進修機會等不滿意所造成。這些都屬於Maslow「需求層次理論」中低層次的「生理」和「安全」需求的不滿足,與Herzberg「二因子理論」中「保健因素」的不滿足。 二、服役滿意度「低」者,於服役期滿時愈會選擇「退伍」,反之,選擇「留營」的比例就愈高;服役滿意度「愈低」,對軍人社會形象的評價「愈低」,反之,則「愈高」;服役滿意度「低」者,對職業軍人較「不信任」,反之,則「愈信任」。因此,士官兵「服役滿意度」的高低,不但會影響其服役期滿後的「生涯規劃」,也會影響其對軍人「社會形象」和對職業軍人「信任感」的看法。 三、士官兵支持兵役制度朝以「募兵為主、徵兵為輔,」的方向規劃,但卻不贊成家人或親友擔任職業軍人。 四、士官兵認為「實施上、下班制」、強調「薪資福利」的優點,及期望在軍中能學到想要學到的專長,是招募志願士兵的主要誘因。 五、士官兵對目前的役期和薪資水準不滿意,認為「工作穩定」和「薪資福利好」是考慮自願留營的主要原因,顯示當前士官兵強調的只是Maslow低層次需求的滿足。
5

國軍志願役士兵環境認知、動機取向、生活適應與生涯發展相關問題之研究 / The Study on the Perceived Environment 、Motivational Orientation、

徐炳岳 Unknown Date (has links)
世界許多國家的兵役制度不斷變革,以因應局勢及潮流。國內社會大眾對降低服役期限的要求呼聲一直不斷,行政院於2005年1月26日臨時院會通過「現行兵役制度檢討改進方案」,將徵募兵比例由現行6:4,調整為4:6,轉變以募兵為主、徵兵為輔。預計每年招募志願役士兵人數約1萬5千人, 而這些投入軍中的志願役士兵是否能夠肩負保國衛民的重責大任,其在「環境認知」、「動機取向」、「生活適應」、「生涯發展」等方面的程度與意向,對台澎防衛作戰之成敗均將有重大影響。 本研究希望透過對志願役士兵轉服動機與適應等問題的蒐整,探討其中潛在因素,以提供實際負責制訂相關政策單位與志願役士兵生活管理、教育訓練的基層幹部,做為政策訂定與管理工作的參考。採量化研究之問卷調查法,樣本是採隨機抽樣方式獲得,按軍種及部隊類型比例,抽取樣本。實際施測樣本數為1200份,而正式回收問卷為1160份,扣除不適用問卷28份,共計有效問卷為1132份、達正式回收問卷份數的97.59%。在研究工具設計方面本研究從文獻資料擬出研究架構,設計問卷,先行預測,採用「Cronbach α」係數測量問卷的內部一致性,因素分析法測量建構效度,修改問卷形成正式問卷。由研究者親自至現場說明研究目的及作答方式後,以團體填答法施測。正式問卷收回後,即進行編碼,運用spss for windows lO.0軟體,進行資料分析。 本研究依研究假設,逐一檢視各項假設的驗證結果。研究假設共分為五個部分,假設一是探討不同個人特質與「環境認知」有顯著差異;假設二是探討不同個人特質與「動機取向」有顯著差異;假設三是探討不同個人特質與「生活適應」有顯著差異;假設四是探討不同個人特質與「生涯發展」有顯著差異;假設五是探討「環境認知」、「動機取向」、「生活適應」及「生涯發展」等四個因素之間有顯著之相關。研究發現上述各假設均有顯著之相關。 本研究依研究發現提出建議事項: 一、廣拓管道,強化文宣作為。二、改善設施,增加愉快氣氛。三、尊重選擇,落實三安政策。四、爭取認同,促進動機取向。五、適度開放,提昇自主空間。六、善用專長,力行民專軍用。七、嚴格篩選,建立退場機制。八、開誠布公,貫徹招募條件。 關鍵字: 募兵制、志願役士兵、環境認知、動機取向、生活適應、生涯發展。
6

我國高中與大學應屆畢業生對兵役制度轉型為「募兵制」的態度與職業選擇之研究 / Senior high and college graduates’ attitiudes toward military draft system transition and their career plans

李意超 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的主要探討高中與大學應屆畢業生對國家兵役制度支持與職業選擇對應關係,期能藉由本次研究結果作為爾後兵役政策制(修)定之參考。研究樣本為部份高中與大學的應屆畢業生。研究方法採配額(quota)抽樣法實施問卷調查,蒐集本研究所需的資料後,以描述性統計分析、卡方檢定等統計方法進行資料處理分析。主要研究發現如下: 一、男性學生支持募兵制的比例較女性學生來的高,就學歷而言,以私立大學較為支持;就戶籍地來分析,則以東部地區的學生較為支持。 二、學生對現行兵役制度轉型為募兵制態度與家庭環境並沒有直接的關聯,僅母親職業為家管的學生,支持兵役制度轉型的比例較高。 三、就學生個人背景中,有較高意願成為職業軍人的變項為:私立高中、戶籍地在東部、性格外向度高、學校所在東部與證照數量有3張者最高。明顯可以看出,從軍意願較高的是較具社會競爭力與城鄉都市化較慢的族群,唯一特別的是,證照數量有3張的學生,從軍意願較沒有證照的學生高出許多。 四、學生家庭環境中的家庭收入、父親教育程度與父母親的從軍鼓勵,均會提高學生成為職業軍人的意願,其中以家庭收入最為明顯,經濟能力較差的家庭,學生從軍意願較家庭經濟環境好的學生高出許多。 五、學生對國軍的認知與從軍意願有明顯的關聯,學生對國軍的印象越好,從軍的意願越高;對國軍福利待遇越暸解,從軍的意願也越高。 六、多數的學生均支持兵役制度的轉型,支持募兵制的學生,從軍的意願高於不支持推動募兵制的學生;本研究另發現,願意成為職業軍人主要的原因是「薪資優渥」,其次為「會有穩定的退休生活」;而不願意成為職業軍人主要的理由是「缺少自由」,其次為「無法實現個人成就」。 七、學生從軍的工作職務,多數選擇志願役軍官,選擇志願役士官的比例次之,而選擇志願士兵的比例最低。選擇志願役軍官的學生,又以男性、私立大學、戶籍地於東部的學生比例較高;統計資料顯示,學生從軍職務優先選擇軍官的人數較多,職務選擇士兵意願是最低,這或許是因為多數人認為軍官工作項目比士官或士兵都來得輕鬆,薪資也較高有直接的關係。
7

從1990年代美國新軍事變革探討中共兵役制度的傳承與變革

于曉雯 Unknown Date (has links)
中共自上一世紀90年代後期迄今,頻密改革兵役制度,及頒布各式相關改革兵役制度的行政命令。本文旨在以現實主義的理論,透過軍事變革的研究途逕,探討1990年代以來美國新軍事變革對中共兵役制度的衝擊。 自從美國在1990年第一次波灣戰爭中展示其新軍事變革之初步成果,向世人揭示信息化的戰爭形態以來,世界各先進國家紛紛跟進。由於此波變革起源於信息科技導入戰爭作為,各項武器裝備、戰鬥方式的科技含量提高,因此實施變革的部隊較過去需要更多具高教育水準人員,來進行專業要求高的軍事操作;而這些部隊為減少同樣的教育訓練一再重複實施,亦多設法延長這些具專業技能的基層人員留營時間。基此,多數從事軍事變革國家改採募兵制,以滿足提高基層高素質人員比例和延長前述人員留營時間的建軍需要。 中共基於國家安全的考量,亦於1993年宣示開展軍事變革,並且為此積極進行軍事人才培養;惟在實施變革過程中,中共也曾透露,其每年例行的徵兵工作存在高素質新兵徵集困難問題,現行制度亦難以為部隊傳承重要經驗,影響軍事變革的實施;然而,何以中共未如其他多數實施軍事變革的國家一般,改採募兵制,而堅持在現有的兵役制度基礎上進行徵兵改革? 本論文認為,雖然中共的新軍事變革係取法美國,且亦如其他先進國家般,由於實施新軍事變革,需要更多具有高教育水準的青年進入部隊;然而以中共現行兵役制度觀之,其並不需要實施募兵制,主要原因在於,中共之兵役制度係依其國情特色制定之,雖異於其他國家,但具募兵制之特性,有利於組建高素質之部隊。上述假設命題,可以進一步解析為下列邏輯相關的子命題: 一、美國新軍事變革令中共瞭解,如再不加緊軍事現代化腳步,其軍事力量將與其他國家存在時代差,無法支撐其國際地位;加以美國自蘇聯解體後,多次對外提出中國為其潛在競爭對手之說法,對中共國家安全形成壓力,故而激發中共實施新軍事變革。 二、此波新軍事變革的主要內容是信息化。由於部隊歷經新軍事變革之後,其各項專業職務之科技含量提高,需要更多高教育水準之青年投入部隊接受專業訓練,並進行技術傳承,此一變化對原有兵役制度造成衝擊,故迫使中共修改兵役制度,以吸收更多高素質青年投入軍旅,成為保留軍隊經驗的技術骨幹。 三、中共的義務役士兵徵召方式,有別於我國的義務役兵役制度,其在士兵徵選上,含有嚴謹的淘汰制度,有助解放軍選擇合乎需求的人員進入軍隊;同時,士官選拔制度亦有利將熟於軍事技能的義務役士兵長時間的留在部隊。因此,可以說,中共的兵役制度實際上具有募兵制的特點,既可為部隊篩選優秀的人才進入部隊,亦有將人才留在部隊長期發展的功能。 / The P. R. C. has frequently reformed the national military service since the late 90s of last century, and promulgated executive orders for all kinds of national military service reform. This purpose of this study is aimed at exploring the impact of the new transformation of military affairs in the United States since the 1990s on the P.R.C. military service system in terms of realist theories and the military transformation approach. Since the First Persian Gulf War in 1990, the United States has shown preliminary results of its new transformation in military affairs to reveal the war formula of information technology to the world, and the advanced countries in the world have followed suit. This wave of changes originated in information technology integrated into the war as various weapons and military equipment and combat approaches, to improve the technological content. The implementation of military transformation needs more well-trained personnel to carry out the high standard of professional requirements of military operations than before, and these troops will also try to extend the service term for well-trained staffs to stay in the military service in order to reduce repeated implementation of same training courses. Based on this situation, most countries implemented the military transformation to the enlistment system to meet the requirement for primary proportion increases of highly trained personnel and extension of service term of the aforementioned personnel to stay. Based on the considerations of national security, the P. R. C. has declared to carry out transformation in military affairs in 1993, and to achieve this goal the P. R. C. has actively implemented military personnel training; while in the process of implementing military transformation, the P. R. C. has revealed difficulties in its annual military new personnel recruitment work for recruiting high-quality personnel. The current system can hardly let the troops pass on important experiences and therefore interferes with the implementation of the transformation in military affairs; however, why did the P. R.C., unlike most other countries, not conduct military transformation to change to the enlistment system, but insisted on the conscription reform of the existing system of military service? In this study, it argues that although the P. R. C. military transformation was learned from the United States, and just like all other advanced countries that implemented the new military transformation, the P. R. C. required more highly educated young people to enter service; however, the concept of the existing military service system in the P. R. C. does not require the implementation of the volunteer military service, mainly because the P. R. C. military service system is designed according to their national conditions and characteristics. Although different from other countries, this system has the characteristics of a volunteer military service, which is conducive to the formation of high-quality troops. The proposition of the above assumptions can be analyzed into sub-propositions for the following logic: 1.The new U.S. military transformation has led the P. R. C. to understand that if they do not step up military modernization and keep its pace of military power with other countries, they will be unable to stand their international status; additionally, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, United States has stated multiple times that the P. R. C. is its potential competitor, and this has put pressure on the national security of the P. R. C., and therefore stimulates the P. R. C. in the implementation of new military transformation. 2.The main content of this wave of new military transformation is information technology. The science and technology content of the troops’ professional duties have increased after new transformation in military affairs, and need more highly educated young people to join the service to receive professional training and proceed with technical heritage. The impact of this change on the original system of military service has forced the P. R. C. to modify its military service system, in order to attract more high-quality young people into service to retain the experiences of technical frameworks. 3.The P. R. C. conscripts soldiers in a way different from the conscripted military service system of our country. Their soldiers are selected with a rigorous elimination system to help the People's Liberation Army choose personnel that meet their demands; and the noncommissioned officer selection system is favorable to keep skilled conscripted soldiers to remain longer in the army. Therefore, it can be said that the P. R. C.’s military service system in fact has characteristics of a volunteer force for the troops to both select the best people to enter the forces, and the function to keep talented personnel stay in the service for long-term development.
8

立法過程中國防部與立法委員互動關係—募兵制修法之個案分析 / The Interaction Between The Ministry of National Defense and Legislators — the case of the Amendment of“ the Voluntary Military Service System ”

邱懷慧, Chiu, Huai Hui Unknown Date (has links)
我國兵役制度從抗戰時期的「徵兵為主、募兵為輔」逐步走向「募兵為主、徵兵為輔」的募徵併行制,馬英九2008年當選總統,為落實競選政見,國防部規劃兵役制度轉型為募兵制,爰配合修正兵役法部分條文。 適逢立法院第七屆立法委員席次減半,由原本226席次減為113席次,委員自主性及影響力增強,執政黨組織行政院,亦掌握立院絕對多數席次,形成一致政府。 從公共政策過程理論來看,一個政策的推行,必須透過法律的制定、修正、廢止等方式,送請立機關完成政策合法化過程。本文從兵役法修法過程中,來探討國防部與立法委員互動關係,以提出加強其互動的具體建議。 基於以上的認知,本論文的發現如下: 一、法案草擬階段未讓立法委員有參與機會,使得政策規劃結果未能滿足立法委員的期許。 二、募兵制配套規劃尚未整合,法案先行送審,至國防部立論基礎薄弱,無法說服立法委員支持。 三、未公布政策影響評估,造成立法委員無法認同,讓立法委員對於募兵制無法成功產生的戰力空窗所造成的威脅感到質疑而無法認同法案。 四、與政策利害關係人的溝通不足,成為政策推動的阻力。 五、政策規劃評估不足,考量範圍不夠,形成爭議,造成立委抗拒。 六、立法委員對國防政策專業程度不足,需加強政策溝通。 七、挾持法案的議價協商,實際上係以其他利益交換為目的。 八、立法委員為貫徹黨紀,必要時,個人政治理念須妥協,國防部在政策溝通上,除了立法委員個人意見外,亦須積極遊說黨團。 / The military service system in Taiwan, or the Republic of China (R.O.C) Military Service System, has been gradually heading from a predominantly-conscription mode of recruitment, first adopted during the Period of the Second Sino-Japanese War, toward a predominantly-voluntary recruitment plan. To intiate such a transition and to keep the promises he gave before the 2008 presidential election, the president of the Taiwan (R.O.C.) Ma Ying-jeou urges that the Ministry of National Defense in Taiwan contrive a plan for the necessary modifications in the Taiwanese (R.O.C) law regarding the military service system. Also relating to this, it is to note that a 50% reduction of the number of the seats in the Legislative Yuan in the 7th general election of legislators, from 226 to 113 seats, granted each legislator more autonomy and opportunity to extend his/her personal influence than before, and that Taiwan was hence led by a government whose executive and legislative power came hand in hand becuase the ruling party not only able to organize the Executive Yuan but it also comprised the absolute majority in the Legislative Yuan, after the 2008 election. All taken into considertations, this dissertation aims to provide concrete suggestions as to the enhancement of the quality of the interactions between the Ministry of National Defense and legislators, from the analysis of such modifications. theoretically speaking, have to undergo the due processes to be implemented: the codification of law, a modification period, the abrogation of the inappropriate items of law, and a final evaluation by the Legislative Yuan. The findings are as follows: 1.The legislators' complaints about the unsatisfactory results of military policymaking may arise from a lack of opportunity for them to participate in the early processes. 2.Failure in establishing complementary measures for voluntary military recruitment before it reaches the Legislative Yuan, as well as a flimsy theoretical basis on which the Ministry of National Defense argues for it, make it difficult to persuade legislators that they should implement the new policies. 3.Legislators’ common worries about an imminent though transient threat, of a laspe of national armed force, which is deemed to be highly likely to result from such a change, have not been officially accounted for by the Ministry of National Defense. This prevents the legislators from agreeing to it. 4.The lack of effective communication among stakeholders of the policy impedes its implementation. 5.The lack of careful evaluations and an inclusive framework, make it controversial and legislators hate it. 6.Legislators are not proficient in the policymaking in terms of national defense, so the need more communication. 7.Negotiations are sometimes based on other commercial purposes. 8.Individual legislators, if necessary, are coerced to conform to the ideology upheld by their greater political party. The Ministry of National Defense has also to take into accounts the benefits of political parties.

Page generated in 0.0265 seconds