國民政府播遷來台後歷經各時期的演進，逐步建立了民主政治制度，在現行體制之下，行政機關必須向立法機關負責。行政機關依此架構成立國會連絡機構，目的是與國會建立良好互動關係，使行政機關施政政策及預算能夠獲得國會支持，順利推展。 事實上，國會連絡機構在民主國家中扮演著極為重要性的角色，由於其積極的介入國會事務，並參與實際的議事運作，成功地化解了許多行政及立法機關間對立與衝突，雖然行政與立法部門各有其憲法規定的權力，但是行政機關重視溝通及協調策略的運用，應是成敗的主要關鍵。 國會連絡工作繁瑣複雜，尤其是國會連絡人員素質的良窳，更關係到行政與立法的互動品質，為探就行政機關國會連絡人員在行政與立法部門之間，如何擔任一位稱職的國會連絡人員，以及從是國會連絡工作需要瞭解行政及立法部門的哪些事項？另外如何與立、監院互動（包括與立、監委員、助理、黨團及各委員會等互動、說明、溝通及談判）？以期建構出擔任國會連絡人員工作績效指標，提供行政機關評估國會連絡人工作績效指標的參考。 國會連絡人是行政機關推動法案、執行預算、協調政策、處理選民案件的重要窗口。由於國內並無相關績效評估研究可資參考，因此筆者採用專門處理不確定性、複雜性及爭議性較高的德菲法（Delphi）途徑，透過專家群意見形成共識，建構出國會連絡人工作績效指標，以提供行政機關評估從事國會連絡人員工作績效指標建構的一個重要參考依據。本研究試圖以初探性研究方式提供後續研究者進行量化或質化研究的基礎，以強化國會連絡人工作績效相關指標的信度與效度，對於行政機關與國會的正面互動將有極重要的助益。 / Afterward of central government of Republic of China moved to Taiwan, a democracy mechanism gradually established in terms of innovation of different time period. Progressively, under the current system, the administrative department must be responsible for the legislature. Therefore, administrative department set up a congress contact office (CCO) accordingly for bridging both parties in creation good relationship scenario enable to smoothly promote the budgetary and policy as well as important affairs of the state. In fact, the CCO performs an extremely important role as normal in democracy nations worldwide. For eliminating conflicts between administration and legislature, who are on behalf of power of constitution stipulates, CCO bring its aggressive activities to involve in the congress affairs and fully attend to real agenda operation. The main key to success and failure is administrative department always emphasizes in act of communication and coordination with legislature department. CCO taskforce is very minutes and complicated. Especially, the quality of CCO staffs. It is very important to interaction in between two parties. In order to become a well position in CCO for in between administration and legislature, the congress contact staffs shall recognize what activities are real necessary to understand in between administration and legislature department? Besides, how to interaction with Legislative Yuan and Justify Yuan includes how to interaction, explanation, communication and negotiation with members of Legislative Yuan, Justify Yuan, assistant, political parties and other committees are also in critical. After all it is a reference index for how to evaluate the staff performance and offer administrative department how access congress contact staffs’ performance. Congress contact staff is that the important window of administrative department for promoting the bill, utilize budget, coordinate the policy, and deal with voter's case. Because there are no reference to assess and study cases locally, so the author applies the Delphi method which always deal specially with the uncertainty, complexity and dispute higher morality issues. Form a common understanding by groups of suggestion of experts; and it can create a congress contact staff work performance indication, and also to offer the administrative department to assess the Congress contact staff’s performance and constructed an important reference accordingly. This research attempt to apply a pre-investigation way to offer the follower going for quantize or quality foundation study. In order to strengthen Congress contact staff work performance in liability and efficient of indication, it will have extremely important benefiting to Congress and administrative department with positive interaction.

過去台灣對於國會聯絡人的研究，多屬於國會聯絡人所發揮的功能及扮演的角色或是相關工作績效評估方面，缺乏針對國會聯絡人養成過程的討論，在我國的憲政體制所造成的權力分立下，為了使行政與立法間溝通聯繫順暢並降低互動過程中的衝突，行政機關的國會聯絡人扮演了關鍵性的角色，故在挑選國會聯絡人及對新進國會聯絡人養成訓練上，各機關皆相當重視，而師徒制運用於行政機關國會聯絡人養成上的現象相當普遍，值得從師徒制所產生的影響進行深入研究。 本研究是以深度訪談法為主，並輔以文獻分析法及參與觀察法的質性研究，透過立意抽樣方式，選擇8個行政機關共16位資淺、資深之國會聯絡人員為研究對象進行研究。 針對訪談內容、觀察現象並相關文獻歸納與分析研究的結果，本研究提出主要結論有三點，首先，從歸納訪談的結果來看，行政機關在新進的國會聯絡人組織養成過程中，透過資深同仁擔任師父角色的經驗傳授，徒弟有了遵循準則，且師父好的行為表現轉移徒弟身上，國會聯絡工作易上手，但是徒弟必須有積極進取的態度及不能一昧承襲缺點，食古不化，才能順利完成任務；其次，師徒在互相教導與學習過程中，因為滿足雙方的需求而效果良好，在工作上有好的績效表現，容易獲得升遷機會與好名聲，就算有一天互換角色後，也會傳承教導與學習的風氣，但若未達師徒間特質及能力要求，教導與學習效果降低，會對自己與組織造成負面影響；最後，在樂於知識分享的組織文化下，組織成員無法透過言語表達的默會知識得以透過「做中學」方式傳遞，共同為組織良好績效努力，組織也要避免成員有自利主義，若知識藏私不願意分享，將危害到整個組織。 / There are many studies on the issue of- “Congressional Liaison.”-Previous studies have focused on their function, liaison’s roles or performance, there are lacking of congressional liaison’s training and mentoring. Due to the separation of powers, legislature and executive are independent but strongly associated with each other. Thus, congressional liaison is a crucial bridge to maintain communication and tackle the conflicts between parliament and agencies. Governmental agencies requires establishing functioning congressional liaison’s mentor relationship, but how the knowledge and insight of congressional liaison works be trained and passing on within the agencies is an interesting question waiting to be answered . This study utilized in-depth interview, literature review and participant observation to do the research. By purposive sampling, author chose 16 junior and senior congressional liaisons from 8 executive agencies as interviewers. This study concludes following three observations. First, executive agencies tend to establish a mentorship for new members to get familiar with their job. Interviews show that if following the instructions and mentor’s standard, protégé is easier to be trained into a good liaison officer. Moreover, protégé will have more positive attitudes and be more flexible to accomplish the missions. Secondly, through mentoring protégés, mentors can perform better and are likely to get the reputation and promotion. When protégés become mentors, they are more liable to proceed with mentorship. On the contrary, if the mentors are not able to do the mentoring job well, not only the learning efficiency will be low, but the malfunctioning relationship have organizational consequences. However, during the process of coaching and learning, mentors and protégés can be beneficial from each other. Lastly, because of the knowledge sharing and organizational culture, members could implement the concept of “learn by doing” to deliver the tacit knowledge. Also, organization should avoid members from being too egoism, once they are unwilling to share or interchanging the experiences, it is might be harmful to the organizations.

立法院由立法委員所組成，依據憲法之規範，負責審議行政機關函送之議案，而行政機關為增進雙方互動，順暢相關法案、預算案之審議，設有國會聯絡人負責前揭事項之推動與協調，以期完成政策合法化之作業。因各部會業務迥異，國會動態變化莫測，導致國會聯絡工作困難度增加，故如何尋求良方，提升政策合法化之成效，並促進國會聯絡工作經驗之累積與傳承，實為本研究關注之焦點。 　　2000年Denhardt氏提出新公共服務之概念，適逢我國首次完成政黨輪替，在意識形態掛帥、政黨情勢緊繃、行政立法互動不佳之情況下，可否藉由新公共服務所倡導之信任合作、公共利益、服務、共享等核心價值，來改善行政立法之互動關係，及促進國會聯絡工作與推動策略之進行，實值得進行探討，故本研究乃以新公共服務之面向切入，期能建構出具體之國會聯絡工作推動策略。 　　本研究以深度訪談及參與觀察等質化研究方法，蒐集多位立法委員、資深國會助理、資深議事人員、資深國會聯絡主管及人員之寶貴意見，並經由內容分析法進行資料分析，發現新公共服務所倡導的信任合作、公共利益、服務、共享等理念，確能增進行政機關首長、國會聯絡人與立法委員、國會助理間之互信、互動，也能凝聚為民服務之共識，在維護公共利益之前提下，共同完成政策合法化的目標。 　　最後，本研究呼籲應建立新公共服務之國會聯絡工作、掌握化解法案及預算案之負面因素，並對機關首長、業務單位、國會聯絡人及議事運作等方面，提出順暢國會聯絡之具體建議；期能拋磚引玉，與行政機關國會聯絡先進相互討論，並提供新進人員之參考運用。 / The Legislative Yuan is composed of legislators, and according to the stipulations of constitution the legislature will deliberate the bills submitted to it by the executive branch. In order to facilitate mutual interaction, speed up review of relevant drafts, deliberation of appropriation bill, congressional liaison personnel is established at the executive branch and they will be responsible for the facilitation and coordination of the above-mentioned issues so as to complete the operation of policy legitimation. Since the business of every department varies and trends of development at the congress fluctuate, it has led to further difficulty for congressional liaison. Therefore, it is the crux of this study as what resolution can be achieved to enhance the efficiency of policy legitimation as well as facilitate the accumulation and pass-over of liaison work in the congress. 　　In year 2000, Robert Denhardt and Janet Denhardt put forth the concept of the new public service, and then it happened to be the time of the first rotation of political party in our country. Nonetheless, under the context of ideology that commands all, tensed relationship between parties, unfavorable interaction between the legislative and the executive branch it is wondered that if such core values as trust, cooperation, public interest, service, and sharing proposed by the new public service can be exploited to improve the interactive relationship between the legislative and executive as well as to facilitate congressional liaison work and impetus of strategy. It is, indeed, a task that deserves much investigation, and it is why this study has attempted to cut into the investigation from the aspect of the new public service, and hope to construe substantial impetus strategy for congressional liaison work. 　　This study would employ qualitative research methods as in-depth interview and participant-as-observation to collect precious opinions from several legislators, senior congress’ assistant, senior session staff, and senior congressional liaison head and personnel. Then, content analysis method is used to conduct information analysis, and it is found that ideas as trust, cooperation, public interest, service, and sharing proposed by the new public service can enhancing the interaction and mutual trust among heads of executive branch, congressional liaison personnel, legislator, congress’ assistant as well as coalesce the consensus to render service to the mass. Therefore, the objective to jointly furnish policy legitimation can be done under the pretext to maintain and preserve public interest. 　　At length, this study calls upon the establishment of congressional liaison work for the new public service so as to master and resolve those negative factors for legislation draft and budget bill, and put forth substantial suggestions that can help smoothen congressional liaison with regard to department head, business branch, congressional liaison personnel, and session operation. It would hope that it can turn itself as pioneer in this regard to solicit further opinions and advices so as conduct mutual discussions with those seniors, and the results of which can be cited as reference for novice of the congressional liaison.

2000年政黨輪替，台灣政局進入一個政治新紀元，台灣政府體制呈現「分裂政府」的狀態，行政、立法兩院的衝突與對立，導致政策推動受到嚴重的影響；在2004年第六屆立法委員選舉後，民進黨在立法院因席次未過半而無法控制國會，因此行政機關所面對的是更為複雜的互動環境，其結果必須動用更多的人力、資源來處理與國會之間的關係，也就是說當立法權膨漲或行政、立法互動不夠順暢時，國會聯絡機制受到高度的重視與強化。 縱觀民主國家政治發展可發現，國會聯絡就是引導行政與立法機關合作的重要途徑，此種聯繫管道如能通暢，無疑是維繫行政、立法有效溝通與合作的重要憑藉，並且能有效降低行政與立法機關在互動過程中所造成的衝突，而國會聯絡人就是此機制中的關鍵性角色，而本研究主要探討我國文建會國會聯絡組織運作之策略與互動過程中的角色及所發揮的功能。 基於以上的認知，本論文的發現如下： 一、當行政權與立法權分屬不同政黨所掌控，呈現分立政府狀態時，國會聯絡機制之策略運用，在互動過程中發揮重大的功能。 二、首長對國會運作之影響，可能是正面，也可能是負面，其差異乃在於首長是否願意將所握有的資源，運作於國會關係上，及加強國會行動的能力。 三、文建會國會聯絡工作以「服務案件」份量最多，且困難度最高。 四、國會聯絡人為國會與行政單位第一線接觸的尖兵，負責訊息傳達、意見溝通及議題協調。 五、好的國會聯絡人有助於國會運作，聯絡人必須具備的特質包括專業與熱誠、溝通與協調能力、熟悉政治運作與技巧、良好的國會人脈、長官授權與肯定。 / The aftermath of the 2000 Presidential election left the ROC fragmented among several political parties. The increasing political conflict between the Executive Yuan and the Legislative Yuan has aggravated the administration process of government policies. The legislative elections in year 2004 created an even difficult situation when the Pan-Blue Coalition has gained the absolute majority over the Pan-Green Coalition, resulting in much of govenment-sponsored bills being deadlocked. Executive divisions are faced with increasingly complicated political environment, which requires greater manpower and resources to reconcile with the legislative branch. This situation, occurring when legislative branch overpowers or when inter-branch relations hampered, then calls for a strengthening of congressional liaison functions. In contemporary democratic systems, the congressional liaison is an important strategic intermediary between executive and legislative branches. A successful practice of the liaison function is expected to improve the communications and collaborations and to mitigate potential conflicts between executive and legislative branches. Congressional liaisons become the keys to the success of the function. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate the role of congressional liaison at the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) in inter-branch politics. Major conclusions of this thesis are summarized as follows: 1.In a divided party government, strategic operations of congressional liaison provide great contributions to the interactions between executive and legislative branches. 2.Strengthened public relations with the congress improves the administrative efficiency and helps achieving policy goals of executive divisions. 3.Service-type tasks have become the major load of congressional liaison offices at the CCA and have shown to suffer the greatest complications. 4.The congressional liaison office, being on the front line of executive-legislative branch relations, is responsible for information delivery, opinion exchanges and reconciliation of issues with the legislative institution. 5.A competent congressional liaison will successfully assist the congressional operations and is expected to have the following characteristics: being professional and enthusiastic, having great communication and coordination skills, being familiar with political operations, having extensive connections in congress, and being authorized and endorsed by superiors.

員工的核心能力為組織績效與競爭力的基礎，早已成為國內外當代學術社群與管理實務者的共識。這是因為無論是公私部門組織，目前均處於極大的績效壓力。而國會聯絡人身為行政部門與立法部門之間的橋樑，法律案及預算案的推手，其核心能力與法案通過的機率、組織的效能及競爭力密切相關。職是之故，本研究擬以核心能力理論為基礎，再藉由相關國內外文獻的整理，對現任國會聯絡人的行為事件訪談以及問卷調查的結果，歸納出優秀國會聯絡人所應具備的核心能力具體項目，以作為機關首長據以選任取才的參考依據。 本研究係以行政院暨所屬部國會聯絡人服務年資超過五年之優秀資深人員為訪談對象，再以問卷、行為事件訪談的交叉方式，探索出國會聯絡人有效推動工作應具備的核心能力，本研究從中發現到：國會聯絡人應具備的核心能力要有「環境變化的洞察力」、「溝通協調」、「團隊合作的精神」、「顧客服務導向」、「政策行銷與說服能力」、「嫻熟議事運作相關法令」、「積極主動」、「情緒管理」等合計8項核心能力，並對行政機關及首長、國會聯絡人、立法委員提出建議。 / Staff’s core competence as the foundation for organizational achievements and competence has already become mutual recognition of the contemporary domestic and foreign academic social groups and the managerial practitioners. Regardless whether it is public or private departmental organization, nowadays they are burdened with enormous pressure of achievements. As the bridge between the administrative department and the legislation department, the advocator of the legal bills and the budget proposal, the core competence of the congressional liaison staff are closely correlated with the probability of the passage of the bills, organizational efficiency, and competitive power. For this reason, this study draws upon the theory of the core competence as the foundation, with review of domestic and foreign literatures, and interview of the behavior events of the incumbent congressional liaison staff as well as by questionnaire surveys. The information thus collected induces the concrete items of core competence which congressional liaison staff should have and be regarded as reference by heads of institutions for staff recruitment. The subjects of this study are senior congressional liaison staff members with five-year tenure at the Executive Yuan and outstanding evaluation. By the questionnaire and the behavior event interview, they were explored for the core competences of congressional liaison staff to impetus their work effectively. This study has discovered that the congressional liaison staff should have core competence including the following eight items, they are “the insight to environmental change”, “the ability of communication and coordination”, “the spirit of the team cooperation”, “the orientation of customer service”, “the ability of policy marketing and persuasion”, “thorough understanding of legislative procedures and the related laws”, “positive initiation”, and “mood management”; and also to put forward their suggestions and recommendations to heads of executive and administrative divisions, other congressional liaison staff members, and legislators.

我國兵役制度從抗戰時期的「徵兵為主、募兵為輔」逐步走向「募兵為主、徵兵為輔」的募徵併行制，馬英九2008年當選總統，為落實競選政見，國防部規劃兵役制度轉型為募兵制，爰配合修正兵役法部分條文。 適逢立法院第七屆立法委員席次減半，由原本226席次減為113席次，委員自主性及影響力增強，執政黨組織行政院，亦掌握立院絕對多數席次，形成一致政府。 從公共政策過程理論來看，一個政策的推行，必須透過法律的制定、修正、廢止等方式，送請立機關完成政策合法化過程。本文從兵役法修法過程中，來探討國防部與立法委員互動關係，以提出加強其互動的具體建議。 基於以上的認知，本論文的發現如下： 一、法案草擬階段未讓立法委員有參與機會，使得政策規劃結果未能滿足立法委員的期許。 二、募兵制配套規劃尚未整合，法案先行送審，至國防部立論基礎薄弱，無法說服立法委員支持。 三、未公布政策影響評估，造成立法委員無法認同，讓立法委員對於募兵制無法成功產生的戰力空窗所造成的威脅感到質疑而無法認同法案。 四、與政策利害關係人的溝通不足，成為政策推動的阻力。 五、政策規劃評估不足，考量範圍不夠，形成爭議，造成立委抗拒。 六、立法委員對國防政策專業程度不足，需加強政策溝通。 七、挾持法案的議價協商，實際上係以其他利益交換為目的。 八、立法委員為貫徹黨紀，必要時，個人政治理念須妥協，國防部在政策溝通上，除了立法委員個人意見外，亦須積極遊說黨團。 / The military service system in Taiwan, or the Republic of China (R.O.C) Military Service System, has been gradually heading from a predominantly-conscription mode of recruitment, first adopted during the Period of the Second Sino-Japanese War, toward a predominantly-voluntary recruitment plan. To intiate such a transition and to keep the promises he gave before the 2008 presidential election, the president of the Taiwan (R.O.C.) Ma Ying-jeou urges that the Ministry of National Defense in Taiwan contrive a plan for the necessary modifications in the Taiwanese (R.O.C) law regarding the military service system. Also relating to this, it is to note that a 50% reduction of the number of the seats in the Legislative Yuan in the 7th general election of legislators, from 226 to 113 seats, granted each legislator more autonomy and opportunity to extend his/her personal influence than before, and that Taiwan was hence led by a government whose executive and legislative power came hand in hand becuase the ruling party not only able to organize the Executive Yuan but it also comprised the absolute majority in the Legislative Yuan, after the 2008 election. All taken into considertations, this dissertation aims to provide concrete suggestions as to the enhancement of the quality of the interactions between the Ministry of National Defense and legislators, from the analysis of such modifications. theoretically speaking, have to undergo the due processes to be implemented: the codification of law, a modification period, the abrogation of the inappropriate items of law, and a final evaluation by the Legislative Yuan. The findings are as follows: 1.The legislators' complaints about the unsatisfactory results of military policymaking may arise from a lack of opportunity for them to participate in the early processes. 2.Failure in establishing complementary measures for voluntary military recruitment before it reaches the Legislative Yuan, as well as a flimsy theoretical basis on which the Ministry of National Defense argues for it, make it difficult to persuade legislators that they should implement the new policies. 3.Legislators’ common worries about an imminent though transient threat, of a laspe of national armed force, which is deemed to be highly likely to result from such a change, have not been officially accounted for by the Ministry of National Defense. This prevents the legislators from agreeing to it. 4.The lack of effective communication among stakeholders of the policy impedes its implementation. 5.The lack of careful evaluations and an inclusive framework, make it controversial and legislators hate it. 6.Legislators are not proficient in the policymaking in terms of national defense, so the need more communication. 7.Negotiations are sometimes based on other commercial purposes. 8.Individual legislators, if necessary, are coerced to conform to the ideology upheld by their greater political party. The Ministry of National Defense has also to take into accounts the benefits of political parties.