• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 5
  • 5
  • Tagged with
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

高齡志工傳統性別角色的再製:以台南市志工為例 / A study of reproduction of the gender role among elder volunteers: the case of volunteers in Tainan

蕭郁蓁, Hsiao, Yu Chen Unknown Date (has links)
在人口漸趨高齡化的社會中,高齡議題逐漸受到學術研究與政策實務界的關注,本研究則關心高齡志願服務場域的性別隔離現象。本研究企圖從性別的角度出發,探討高齡人口參與志工服務的經驗,探究傳統性別秩序是否在高齡志工領域中產生影響力,進而形成高齡志工領域中性別角色的再製。既有文獻多以女性志工為分析對象,鮮見男性志工的研究資料,因此本研究以台南市醫院志工與社區巡守隊志工為例,透過立意取樣蒐集來自男/女性高齡志工之深度訪談資料,嘗試分析高齡志願服務場域中是否存在水平與垂直之性別隔離現象,並探究其成因,旨在顯示傳統性別秩序是如何影響高齡志工領域性別秩序的建構。研究結果發現,不論是在以女性志工為主的醫院或者以男性志工為主的巡守隊,皆存在水平與垂直性別隔離現象。水平性別隔離現象顯示出男/女性志工或者出於己意或由服務單位所安排,男性志工多集中於體力、應變性質強、具保衛意義的工作上;而女性志工則多集中在情感關懷、家務勞動性質、溝通聯繫等相對單純的任務。水平性別隔離的成因和職場性別隔離之成因相仿,男性多被認為具有理想的勞動身體,以及豐富的社會經驗及膽識;女性則多被認為是需要受到保護、適合單純工作性質的族群。垂直性別隔離的現象尤為明顯;本研究發現,志工隊隊長一職由男性擔任居多,女性主要因為顧慮家庭及質疑自我能力而對領導職務產生退卻的態度而甚少擔任志工隊長。本研究結論為高齡志工領域中的確出現傳統性別分工秩序的再製。 / Ageing is a pressing issue in many societies that has attracted attentions from the academic circle and policy makers. Extensive studies have been conducted to discuss the issue from various perspectives. Few studies discuss from the gender perspective. With the case of volunteers in Tainan City and drawing upon theories about gender segregation, this study aims to critically examine the phenomenon of vertical and horizontal gender segregation in the field of elder voluntary services. Through literature review and in-depth interviews with 17 elder volunteers, female and male, from a hospital and community patrol team, this study seeks to answer the following questions: does gender segregation, vertical as well as horizontal, exist in the field of elder volunteering services? If it does, what are the main factors that contribute to the existence/ reproduction of the traditional gendered division of labour in this field? It is found that both vertical and horizontal gender segregation does exist. Female elder volunteers tend to take up those jobs that are thought to be ‘women’s jobs’ in hospital and community patrol team whilst male elder volunteers tend to do those jobs that are considered as suitable for men. Besides, both in the hospital and community patrol team, men are more confident than women to serve as leaders.
2

台灣職場性別隔離的趨勢 / Trends of Sex Segregation in the Taiwanese Workplace

姜馨彥, Chiang, Hsin Yen Unknown Date (has links)
本論文採用民國六十七年至九十一年人力資源調查五月份的資料,建構人力資源調查合併資料檔案,根據相異指數、以及Tam(2001b)的標準化女性比例,進行職業層次、產業層次、工作層次性別隔離的程度和樣貌的趨勢分析,並以三維立體圖形方法呈現結果。研究結果顯示,職業層次的性別隔離近乎整合且標準化女性比例的百分比座落在60%至70%之職業有逐漸增多的趨勢、產業層次的性別隔離也呈現整合而中性職業增加的趨勢、至於工作層次性別隔離程度則逐漸下降且也呈現出整合的趨勢變化,而工作層次性別隔離程度高過職業層次性別隔離程度。另採用民國六十九年與七十九年台閩地區戶口及住宅普查資料完整母體資料所建構的工作層次資料,以檢驗使用人力運用調查的樣本資料得出之工作層次資料的結果,證明後者的分析具有效度。而採用普查資料進行探究也發現,無論是在更細緻的職業層次(三分位職業代碼)和工作層次(三分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合)、或者是在與人力資源調查相同的職業層次(二分位職業代碼)和工作層次(二分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合)的分析層次下,採用相異指數和標準化女性比例的結果皆是性別隔離程度下降、也呈現出整合的趨勢變化,工作層次性別隔離程度也高過職業層次性別隔離程度,然其僅提供十年間的資訊,實為可惜之處。 / This study uses data from 1978-2002 Manpower Utilization Survey (MUS) for analyzing, ultimately, job-level sex segregation in Taiwanese workplace. Taking into account the limitation of large amount of small-N job cells due to the relatively smaller sample sizes, the method of mid-point of interval estimation and 5-year aggregation is applied with its strength of consecutive data series: pooling data across 1978 to 1982 as estimation for year 1980, and so on, to construct 5-year aggregated MUS data. To view the job-level sex segregation pattern, job-level datasets are established by the “combination of occupation and industry codes”, from which there are units of analysis, job cells. And discarding small-N reliable sampled jobs in MUS is essential to avoid biased results for they contain extreme sex composition after comparing with those from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses. Findings indicate that the degree of occupational, industrial, and job-level sex segregation is somewhat increasing by Duncan and Duncan’s Dissimilarity Index, by which it is unable to measure the exact segregation degree because of its margin-dependent trait. However, by using Tam’s margin-free index: Standardized Percent Women, findings indicate that: (1) for occupational-level sex segregation, there is a trend of integration, and those occupations with 60%- 70% SPWOM shows a slight increase; (2) for industrial sex segregation, the trend almost remain the same, just that gender-neutral industries increase a bit, especially in recent years; (3) as for the degree of job-level sex segregation, it is declining, and there is a long-term trend of integration in Taiwanese workplace over the past 25 years. Therefore, job-level analysis does show what the past occupational and industrial analysis cannot present. And the findings from MUS are robust, based on the contrast analysis from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses; in addition, research outcomes from Census data also show integrated pattern in occupational and job-level sex segregation in that decade.
3

女性社會資本回收劣勢的機制:性別化社會資本與獲得職位女性比例

蕭彩含, Hsiao, Tsai Han Unknown Date (has links)
時至今日女性教育程度提高,但女性在勞動力市場獲得的職位並沒有因此提升,大部分的女性仍然傾向集中在以女性居多的劣勢職業,並且薪資明顯低於男性居多的職業。相關研究提醒我們注意接觸工作出缺訊息的管道在進入勞動力市場前就已經出現性別化的現象,男女性的社會網絡並不相同,並且不同性別的求職者傾向動員不同性別的中介人。但究竟是原因使得女性求職者持續進入待遇較差的女性主導職業?Lin(1999)認為男性之所以比女性在勞動力市場的職業獲得更具有優勢,是因為女性求職者存在資本欠缺與回報欠缺,所以只能動員到較劣勢的女性中介人、獲得較差的工作。但從資料分析顯示,女性求職者並不存在資本欠缺,女性求職者擁有的社會資本量並不比男性求職者少,真正導致女性承受回報欠缺的原因在於兩點勞動力市場對於女性的貶值與性別化社會資本的差異。由於勞動力市場對女性求職者本身的歧視,即使女性求職者動員到擁有較多資源的男性中介人也無法有效的脫離求職劣勢。其次,女性求職者透過性別化社會資本尋職而承受回報欠缺的因素在於女性化可觸及社會資本,女性化可觸及社會資本直透過接與間接的效果同時限制女性求職者獲得較好的、女性比例較低職業。但女性化可觸及社會資本對男性求職者只能產生間接影響,且男性求職者擁有的女性化可觸及社會資本比女性求職者來得少很多,女性化可觸及社會資本能發揮的效果並不多。 總結來說,對於女性求職者而言,回報欠缺主要來自於性別化可觸及社會資本以及雇主對女性能力的貶值、統計歧視等,即使接觸到男性中介人也無助於女性跳脫求職劣勢。對於男性而言則是性別化可動員社會資本才是主要直接影響獲得職業女性比例的關鍵因素。
4

高等教育中的性別隔離與女性就業 / Gender segregation in higher education and maternal employment

陳曉穎, Chen, Hsiao-Ying Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要在探討臺灣地區經濟發展'職業結構及家庭結構變遷過程中,女性高等教育參與之變化. 利用政府之調查統計資料分析:1.經濟發展'職業結構變遷'家庭結構變遷與高等教育參與之關係.2.高等教育中性別隔離狀況及其變動趨勢.3.女性就業之行職業集中狀況.並藉由文獻及性別隔離狀況變動之分析探討影響臺灣地區高等教育性別隔離之原因.
5

初探公部門清潔隊員工作特質與勞動過程的性別差異 / Gender Differences in Job Characteristics and Labor Process of Public Sector Sanitation Workers

廖貞雅, Liao, Chen Ya Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討公部門清潔隊員工作特質,以及性別對於清潔隊員在工作職務分配和勞動過程的影響。研究者使用田野觀察和深度訪談進行資料蒐集,並以新北市樹林區的清潔隊中垃圾清運班、資源回收班和掃路工作三項職務者為觀察對象,分析著重於清潔隊員工作的性別職務隔離、勞動過程中表現出的技術與情緒勞動。主要研究發現與貢獻如下:(一)本研究指出清潔隊中存在著性別職務隔離現象,而形成職務隔離的原因除了性別,工作方式、工作可替代性與工作影響程度等三項因素也是形成職務隔離的原因;(二)清潔隊員工作環境處於開放式空間,且工作的進行主要是受到時間壓力的限制,因此清潔隊員執行工作所需之技術特質與所產生的勞動經驗,和傳統上在工廠工作的工人所處的工作環境及以提高生產產品數量為目的的勞動有所不同。本研究對於清潔隊工作技術與勞動的討論,突破了傳統勞動理論中對於「技術」的定義與想像;(三)本研究發現在清潔隊中職務比性別更會影響情緒勞動付出的多寡,雖然女性助手比男性司機需要付出更多情緒勞動,但是男性司機卻可以透過性別特質,幫助女性助手情緒勞動中不足之處。本研究的貢獻在於增加性別與勞動社會學討論的多元性,且可成為未來清潔隊相關工作社會學研究的基礎。 / This study explores the job characteristics of the janitorial service workers in the public sector and the gender influence on job distribution and the labor process therein. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized for collecting data from those who worked in the Garbage Collecting Unit, the Resource Recycling Unit, and the Road Cleaning Unit of the Shu-Lin District Cleaning Team in New Taipei City. The major findings of this study are listed as follows: (1) The study illuminates the phenomenon of gendered occupational segregation among janitorial service workers. The study further finds that occupational segregation is not only shaped by gender but also by methods used for completing the tasks, substitutability of the individual who performs the job, and the degree in which the job may affect the overall outcome of the work unit. (2) The janitorial service workers work in an open space, and the pressure of work comes mainly from the time allocated to complete the tasks. The work environment as well as skills required for and the labor experiences generated from work are thus different from the traditional industrial workers working in factories whose goal is mainly to maximize the production output. The discussion in this study on skills and labor entailed in janitorial service work expands the horizon of traditional labor theories on the conceptualization and definition of "skill." (3) The study shows that job category is more important than gender in affecting the input of emotional labor in the janitorial service work. Female assistants are required to put in more emotional labor than male truck drivers, and male truck drivers can supplement the female workers' emotional labors by exercising the masculine characteristics. The results of this study may not only contribute to gender and labor studies by enriching the discussion on gender and work as well as the concept of skill, but also provide an importance foundation for future research on janitorial service work.

Page generated in 0.0338 seconds