本論文將研究布爾加科夫的重心放在戲劇，戲劇創作在布爾加科夫的創作世界佔有相當重要的地位，從他的小說中濃厚的戲劇性以及豐富的戲劇創作便可得知。身為劇作家的布爾加科夫繼承果戈里諷刺的手法，以及契訶夫敘事、揭露衝突的方法及劇中音樂的象徵。布爾加科夫也在傳承俄國經典作家的精神之外，利用獨特的手法創作。本論文從布爾加科夫的三部戲劇《左亞公寓》、《極樂國》與《伊凡．瓦西里耶維奇》，探討作家所使用的詼諧手法。 利用巴赫金的時空型將三部劇作加以串聯，並發現其狂歡式的時空型，而此時空型的主題則是「奔逃」。「奔逃」這個主題更是存在於布爾加科夫的所有創作類型中，包含小說與戲劇。 在這樣的時空型下，追溯俄羅斯的詼諧元素以及巴赫金的狂歡理論，找出這三部劇作所使用的詼諧手法。其中包括狂歡的語言、戲擬、因語境的差異所引起的詼諧，以及酒在此狂歡式的時空型下的意義。本論文以狂歡詼諧的研究更了解布爾加科夫的創作。

本研究利用電影院的殖民建築、設計以及週遭的城市歷史變遷過程，探討「上海電影院」的空間歷史與殖民性。 　　進入本文分析之前，先從文獻中了解「後殖民」意義與源起。建立基本認知後，一併對後殖民理論重要概念，「東方主義」、「戲擬」與「混雜性」加以耙疏，歸納整理出後殖民主義的批評觀點，以作為本文在探討上海殖民及後殖民現象在問題上提供反思與運用。緊接著透過對「全球化」理論的認知，勾勒出上海作為後殖民城市的全球及在地思考。同時，為了讓思考更為緊密，分別就「後殖民主義與全球化」、「後殖民主義與民族主義」、「後殖民主義與帝國主義」作一整組概念的理解，以作為本研究的理論與概念架構。 　　本文分析十九世紀末到二十世紀的上海電影院與城市之歷史系譜，檢視上海殖民租界時期的影院建築與城市。其次，在殖民之後，對中國社會主義主政下的上海影院與城市做一發展脈絡的理解。最後，基於對上海影院與城市歷史的認知，進一步探求當前全球化架構下，「西方」與「中國」對上海城市及影院所採取的觀看方式與干預形式，是否存在著（後）殖民文化意義的肇因轉變。 　　研究結果發現，進入九○年代後，上海存在著「向前看」與「向後看」的兩股想像力量，同時影響上海城市與影院發展：一股「向前看」的想像力量，是在全球化架構下，國家與跨國資本合力打造了一座座新式電影城的崛起，淘汰了老舊電影院的動力來源。同時，在上海城市空間的劇烈變動過程中，中國有意引渡香港作為「第三勢力」，以便在上海城市影城發展上與西方跨國資本勢力抗衡。另一股「向後看」的想像力量則存在於後殖民語境裡。中國政府投入大量資金進行影院改建工程，大面積的修改、摹仿了原初殖民影院建築，以展露出一個全新的歷史空間。在這種狀況下，當前標誌著殖民霸權的上海影院跟過去有了分別：現在的上海殖民影院是中國政府通過與資本共謀，戲擬式的營造出三○年代老上海電影宮的摩登形象，以投射出中國政府積極推動下新的混雜產物。這一切的改變，使得原初上海影院空間所夾雜的殖民符號在意義的閱讀與指涉上有了不同。新創建的殖民影院不僅成了上海城市產業上文化空間及休閒娛樂的消費賣點。同時在九○年代上海懷舊熱潮席捲影響下，也開啟了殖民影院被重新閱讀及詮釋的可能。本文以為，當西方帝國以戀物凝視姿態持續對上海殖民影院刻版印象作確認，以維持“殖民凝視（殖民規訓）”穩定的同時，也一併在國家意志與懷舊氣氛當中，經由各種懷舊媒材創作、重寫，賦予了過去特性新的內涵，虛構了新的歷史深度。 / The study aims to explore the spatial history and colonialism of cinema, process as cinema of architecture, design and urban evolvement in colonial Shanghai. Prior to embarking on the textual analysis, a concise literature review has been made to instill a rudimentary conception on the significance and origin of post-colonialism, which is then used to discern some of the crucial concepts of post-colonial theories: Orientals, mimicy, mestizo. Drawing from post-colonialism, these critical viewpoints are adopted to facilitate the attempt of this study and to examine the issues of colonial and post-colonial phenomena in Shanghai. What follows is, through globalization theories, to map out a global and local thinking on Shanghai as a post-colonial city. In order to conclude the theoretical examination and conceptual ascertaining, this study sorts out the serial subjects of “Colonialism vs. globalization”, “Post-colonialism vs. nationalism”, and “Post-colonialism vs. imperialism” as a comprehensive understanding. 　 This paper reviews the paradigmatic relation between the city and the colonial cinema of Shanghai from late 19th to 20th century. Then, after the colonization, a comprehensive discerning of Shanghai cinemas and the city as a whole under the control of Chinese socialism is examined. Lastly, based on the understanding of Shanghai cinema and the city history, a further attempt is to figure out if there’s catalytic change of significance of the Shanghai City and its cinemas on (post) colonial culture from the West’ and China’s viewpoint and intervention. The study findings reveal that in the 90’s, there are two imagined forces: “looking forward” and “looking backward” that exist in Shanghai and the two forces have influenced the development of Shanghai cinemas and the city. The “looking forward” imagined force had spurred the mushrooming of cinemas, which are advocated by cross-nationally joint venture under the framework of globalization, and that became the dynamic for eliminating the old cinemas. Meanwhile, with dramatic changes in Shanghai, the Chinese regime intends to bring in Hong Kong industry as a third counterforce to withstand the dynamic of Western multinational capital in Shanghai city’s cinema development. On the other hand, the “looking backward” imagined force can be seen in the post-colonial context of China. In order to demonstrate a new historical space, the government of China invested quite a lot to reconstruct cinemas via simulating but refining the original colonial architecture style. Thus, it can be distinguished form the present Shanghai cinemas to the past: the present colonial cinemas in Shanghai are the new mestizo by the efforts of China government, and they have built a modern mimicry of old Shanghai cinemas in the 1930s. The process of transferring has made a difference in the textual meaning from old Shanghai cinemas to the new ones. As the cultural and entertaining space in Shanghai, the newly constructed cinemas has not only become the popular area for consumption, but also turned on the possibility of re-read and re-interpretation under the trend of nostalgia. As a result, when the Western imperialism continues to acknowledge its stereotype and takes a materialistic stance toward Shanghai to maintain the stability of a colonial doctrine, those old features are new-minted different meanings by various kinds of nostalgic creature, so that a new historical depth is fabricated at the same time.

烏托邦體裁文學的創作自托瑪斯•摩爾(Thomas More)時代至今，已有近五百年歷史。在這一漫長的進程中，由於受到不同社會文化思潮影響，使得烏托邦文學呈現多元的面貌。二十世紀前半葉，烏托邦文學中發展出反烏托邦與解烏托邦形式的小說，例如：薩米爾欽(Е.И. Замятин)的《我們》(Мы)、赫胥黎(A. Huxley)的《美麗新世界》(Brave new world)與歐威爾(G. Orwell)的《一九八四》(1984)。二十世紀後半葉，受到後現代主義的影響，烏托邦文學呈現出不同於以往的風格。前蘇聯第三波流亡作家沃伊諾維奇(В.Н. Войнович)於一九八六年完成的解烏托邦小說《莫斯科二O四二》(Москва 2042)，無論是體裁、語言以及文本中的個人崇拜神話結構，皆表現出濃厚的後現代主義徵候。本論文將以沃伊諾維奇的《莫斯科二O四二》為例，分析後現代主義浪潮下解烏托邦小說的特點。 關鍵詞：後現代主義、烏托邦文學、烏托邦、反烏托邦、解烏托邦、個人崇拜神話、狂歡化、戲擬