本論文主要以合作網路觀點為出發、知識資源為本體，探討組織間與組織內如何進行知識移轉與知識擴散之相關學術議題。本研究以台灣連鎖服務業為例，藉由個案分析的探索性研究，深入訪問十一家知名連鎖業者，分析本國連鎖服務業者如何藉由與國外知識提供者的合作網路建構來進行連鎖總部的核心知識移轉；另外，並深入分析本國連鎖業者如何將移轉自國外的經營知識加以轉化，並藉由內部的連鎖網路體系將單店所需的作業性知識擴散至各連鎖店中。 　　本研究發現網路關係的強度與知識內隱程度會影響組織間進行知識移轉與組織內進行知識擴散的機制。當知識內隱性愈高時，組織間或組織內的知識移轉／擴散媒介愈以人、團隊等有機型式為主，其知識移轉／擴散時間較長；當知識較外顯時，則其以文件、檔案等機械型式為主要知識移轉／擴散媒介，其知識移轉／擴散時間較短。其次，本研究發現合作雙方的知識基礎差異程度（資訊不對稱）將影響彼此間的網路關係強度，當資訊愈不對稱，組織間／組織內愈以較緊密的網路關係（合資、子公司）來進行知識移轉與擴散，且由知識提供者來主導知識移轉與擴散；當彼此資訊愈對稱，組織間／組織內愈以較鬆散的網路關係（授權、代理、非正式交流）來進行知識移轉與擴散，且由知識接受者來主導知識移轉與擴散。 　　最後，本研究發現在不同的知識特質與連鎖網路關係下，連鎖服務業者應有不同的知識管理重點，其分別是：知識分散策略、知識外化策略、知識差異化策略與知識標準化策略等。

第一章說明研究動機、目的、方法及範圍，第二章介紹技術移轉，第三章介紹適當技 術，第四章介紹技術擴散與生根，第五章為結論與建議。 開發中國家技術升級途徑有二，一為加強研究發展活動，一為自開發國家引進技術， 前者費用高，為長期政策；後者成本低，為短期策略。 自開發國家引進技術的途徑很多，但在今日世界經濟體系中，多國性企業的擴張與成 長，促成國際技術情報流動的增加，一般相信此為開發中國家獲得技術的最重要途徑 。 在臺的多國性企業，在初中技術移轉功能上，扮演的角色為何？利用問卷調查在臺外 資廠商，一般說來，在移轉技術及擴散技術方面，都扮演積極角色；至於所引進的技 術，大部份并未經過修改；在技術生根方面，實有賴於本國技術吸收能力的提升，若 依日本的經驗，唯一方法，乃是在教育與訓練人才方面下功夫，此為本論文之結論。

全球行動電話用戶數於2002年達到12億，首度超過固定電話用戶數之11億；行動電話用戶數並於2008年達41億，為固定電話用戶數(13億)之3倍以上。行動電話相對於固定電話之主要優勢在於系統之建置成本低及佈建速度快；行動電話之快速普及已成為創新擴散研究之重要題材。 行動電話擴散之研究為選取一成長模型(例如Gompertz、Logistic或Bass模型)並類比該模型以求出擴散之參數(例如成長速率)，以進一步(1)了解相關驅動因子(例如技術創新、市場開放等)對擴散參數之影響，及(2)延伸擴散模型曲線以預測未來之成長。 惟成長模型之選取尚無原理原則可供遵循而具隨機性(ad hoc basis)。為找出模型選用之可能規律，以降低模型選用之隨機性並提高成長預測之準確度，本研究以十二個代表性國家(巴、中、法、德、印、日、韓、俄、星、台、英、美)至2007年之資料以比較三個最常用之成長模型之績效，即Gompertz、Logistic及Bass模型。模型績效逐年比較標準係採用rmse值，並輔以Friedman test檢測模型績效差異之顯著性，再對照模型之機制意涵，以進一步了解最適模型之選用原則。 此外，台灣行動電話普及率於2002年為108%居全球之冠，而中國自2001年起取代美國成為全球具最多行動電話用戶數之單一國家，台灣及中國屬行動電話擴散之重要個案，惟目前尚缺此二個案之實證研究。為補足此一缺口，本研究亦對台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子進行實證研究，以進一步了解擴散之關鍵驅動力。 研究發現由於目前統計軟體之進步，Gompertz、Logistic及Bass三模型均可獲致極佳之匹配度而難分軒輊，惟模型預測力(延伸曲線)則具差異性。12個模型選用樣本國家中之8個國家(巴、中、法、德、日、韓、英、美)係以Gompertz模型具較佳之預測力；依Gompertz模型機制意涵，代表行動電話擴散早期係受網路外部性(口耳相傳)影響，惟至擴散後期(例如過了擴散極大值之一半)則已不相關。此外，若因市場開放等重大變因造成行動電話之快速擴散，則Logistic模型具有較佳之績效，如台灣及俄羅斯屬之。依Logistic模型機制意涵，代表擴散係受網路外部性所影響。Bass模型應用於行動電擴散時，因該模型所算出之創新係數偏低，績效與Logistic模型相近，而Logistic模型為Bass模型之創新係數為0時之特例。 台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子研究發現(1)價格下降及(2)預付卡之推行對加速擴散具顯著性，兩者均對低階市場之採用具影響力。鑑於高階市場將先飽和，爰未來加速行動電話擴散之關鍵驅動因子應係與推動低階市場採用具密切相關性。以中國為例，未來市場開放競爭造成價格再度大幅下降，將進一步促低階市場採用，加速中國行動電話之普及。 / The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 1.2 billion globally in 2002, exceeding fixed-line telephony subscriptions (1.1 billion) for the first time. The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 4.1 billion globally in 2008, over three times the number of fixed-line telephone subscriptions (1.3 billion). The main advantages of mobile telephony over fixed-line are low cost and rapid facility deployment. The rapid diffusion of mobile telephony has become an important topic in innovation diffusion. The conventional approach to studying mobile telephony diffusion is to analogize a single growth model, such as the Gompertz, Logistic or Bass model, and calculate the model parameters, for example growth rate. The significance of certain selected driving forces, such as technology innovation or market competition, to the studied parameters, such as growth rate, is then estimated. The diffusion growth can also be forecast by extrapolating the diffusion curve. Utilizing the growth model analogy is the first step in analyzing mobile telephony diffusion. However, no principles or rules exit for selecting a growth model. To identify rules for model selection to reduce randomness and increase forecast accuracy, this work uses 12 sample countries, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK and the USA, employing data prior to 2008 to compare the performance of three most commonly used models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models. The root mean square error (rmse) is chosen as the criterion for measuring annual model performance. The work uses the Friedman test to examine the significance of differences in performance between models. The implications of model mechanisms are emphasized to investigate the selection rule for the most appropriate model. The penetration of mobile telephony in Taiwan was 108% in 2002, ranking first in the world. Furthermore, in 2001 the number of mobile telephony in China replaced the United States as number one in the world. Both Taiwan and China are important examples for mobile telephony diffusion. However, no empirical investigation has been performed in these two cases. To fill this gap, this work estimated the driving forces for mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China to learn about the critical drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion. Empirical results indicate that due to improvements in statistical software, providing good fitness for all three models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models, distinguishing which has the best fitness is difficult. However, the performance of the three models is distinguishable when forecasting based on extrapolating the diffusion curve. In eight of the 12 examples, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the UK and the USA, the Gompertz model is the most appropriate model for forecasting. The mechanism of the Gompertz model means that during the initial stage the diffusion is correlated with network externalities (namely word of mouth), however, this correlation reduces during the later stages (such as pass one half of the maximum potential). Moreover, the cases of Taiwan and Russia demonstrated that the Logistic model performs well provided some significant driver of the diffusion exists. The mechanism of the Logistic model means that the diffusion is correlated with network externalities throughout the whole diffusion. Furthermore, using Chinese data, when the Bass model is applied, because of its low innovation coefficient, it performs similarly to the Logistic model, which is a special case of the Bass model in which the innovation coefficient equals zero. Empirical results for the critical driving forces of mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China indicate that (1) reducing prices and (2) the launch of pre-paid services are crucial to mobile telephony diffusion. Both factors are essential to mobile telephony adoption in low-end markets. The high-end market is the first to be saturated by mobile telephony adoption, future drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion should be highly correlated with low-end market demand. Taking China as an example, the opening of the market to further reduce tariffs will attract mobile telephony adoption in the low-end market, facilitating the mobile telephony diffusion.