國內政府為發展國內知識經濟產業，協助企業增加融資管道，屬於無形資產之融資制度，即將實施。無衡量即無管理，企業無形資產價值的評估，在融資、管理及投資決策上，就益顯重要。本研究參考Gu and Lev (2001)之無形資產評估方法，以國內電子資訊業與化學產業為研究對象，探討（1）考量無形資產之企業綜合價值是否比帳面價值更能解釋股價的變動；（2）智慧資本密集產業的市價綜合價值比是否與未來股價報酬成負相關；及（3）綜合價值是否能由衡量企業人力、創新及關係構面之指標加以解釋。 實證結果發現不論是資訊電子業或化學業，在加入帳面淨值後，無形資產對股價仍具有增額解釋能力。此結果意謂，對知識資本密集產業而言，除了帳面價值外，無形資產亦具有價值攸關性。此外，本研究發現，市價綜合價值比對於後期股價報酬確實具有顯著的預測能力，顯示市價綜合價值比具有資訊內涵，可協助投資人之投資決策或金融機構之授信決策。實證結果亦顯示，未來二期之股價報酬與市價綜合價值比之負相關較未來一期股價報酬與市價綜合價值比之關係更顯著。最後，對資訊電子業而言，衡量創新資本之當年度研發費用率和新專利權數，以及衡量人力資本的每人營收及員工紅利保留盈餘比為知識資本之價值決定因素；而對化學業而言，當年度研發費用率與員工紅利保留盈餘比與企業綜合價值呈顯著正相關。 / Taiwan government sets forth policies in order to assist companies in the knowledge industries obtain financial resources from the market on the basis of their intangibles. As there is no proper management measures could be exercised when there is no measurement to intangibles, the importance of valuation of intangibles surges with respect to financing, operating and investing decision making. Based on the approach developed by Gu and Lev (2001) and sample firms from chemical and information and electronics industries, this thesis explores issues: (1) whether the comprehensive value has incremental explanatory power in addition to book value of equity; (2) if there is a negative association between future stock return and the ratio of market value to comprehensive value for firms studied; and finally (3) if the variation in comprehensive value can be explain by value drivers that contribute to human, innovation and customer capitals. The empirical findings indicate that for firms both in the information and electronics and chemical industries, the comprehensive value contributes additionally to book value of equity in the return-value relation. This implies that information of the comprehensive value is value-relevant. The results also evidence that the ratio of stock market price to comprehensive value is significantly and negatively related to stock return for the future period. Moreover, such association is found to be stronger for two-period ahead stock return than that of one-period. The predictive ability of market-to-comprehensive value ratio indicates that the provision of the ratio could be helpful for investments decision making. Finally, this thesis finds that, for the information and electronics industry, variables such as R&D intensity, number of new patent, revenue per employee and stock bonus-to-retain earnings ratio determine the comprehensive value of the firm. With respect to the chemical industry, variables such as R&D intensity and stock bonus-to-retain earnings ratio explain the variation in comprehensive value of the sample firm.

自從1991年美國總統柯林頓提出以創新冒險為知識產業揭開序幕以來，歷經20世紀末網路泡沫化的刺激，探討無形資產的論文與各類文獻如雨後春筍， 而努力找出企業無形資產與該公司市場價值的評量工具更是專家學者的急迫任務。 與無形資產息息相關的學說，以智慧資本討論最具有代表性，自從1969年John Kenne Galbraith首度提出智慧資本的定義到今日為止，已有數十位知名學者以不同的觀點、領域探討著智慧資本的定義；然而智慧資本的相關課題、學說及論述雖然歸納出無形資產的全貌，卻仍無法做為評量各產業企業價值的基礎，更遑論能讓投資方，融資機構及無形資產企業有一個評量無形資產價值的參考指標。 無形資產價值因企業範疇與生產流程具有專屬特性，本研究期望透過研究者本身產業背景、專家問卷及業界訪談進行彙整、歸納出遊戲企業無形資產之價值驅動因子。再以彙整之無形資產價值驅動因子，進行遊戲產業關鍵成功因素的探討。在研究者與專家討論及訪談確認的關鍵成功因素基礎上進行問卷設計，進而對五家遊戲公司進行調研。 最後將調研進行統計整理， 歸納出遊戲產業成功關鍵因素以相對重要性而言有「團隊質量」、「競爭優勢」及「市場影響力」，而此三種關鍵因素應可做為評價遊戲企業價值的參考指標。 / Since US President Clinton proposed regarding innovating and taking risks as the prelude of opening of knowledge industry in 1991， go through the stimulus of the internet bubble in the end of the 20th century， there are lots of papers and documents studying about the intangible assets， and It become the more urgent issue for experts and scholars to make full efforts to find out the valuation tool for measuring the intangible assets and the market value of enterprises. The Intelligence Capital(IC) is the most representative theory which is closely linked with intangible assets， since John Kenne Galbraith proposed the definition of the intelligence capital up to today for the first time in 1969， there have been several dozens of famous scholars with different views and fields discussing the definition of intelligence capital already; However， the relevant subjects and theory about intelligence capital sum up the general situation of the intangible assets， but still not yet to become the standard valuation method to evaluate the value of every industry as well as enterprise， even can not to be the reference indicator to evaluate the intangible assets for the investor、financing organization and those enterprises with intangible assets . The value of the intangible assets has specific characteristics due to the different business model and production procedure of the company. Researcher expects to sum up the the intangible assets value drivers of enterprises in the game industry through her own industry background as well as gathering expert questionnaire and industry interview. Researcher has collected the most value drivers of intangible assets from relevant papers and interviews， also make discussions with the key person from game company on KSF. After designing the questionnaire based on the confirmed KSF， the study has surveyed five game companies to get primary data. Through the whole explored process ， finally got the conclusion that the most important KSF of the game industry are ' the group's quality ' ， ' the competition advantage ' and ' the marketing power '， which are educed from the stat. data， and this three kinds of KSF could be run for the reference indicators of measuring game company value.

2006年第四季我國行動總用戶數已達2324萬戶，行動上網用戶則達914.7萬戶，其中PHS與3G數據用戶已達462萬戶，首度超過GPRS的用戶，佔整體行動網路用戶比率51％。目前我國行動上網用戶佔行動總用戶數之39.34%，但行動加值服務卻只佔行動通訊業者營收的5%~10%，相較於日本NTT DoCoMo 2006年行動數據服務營收占整體行動通訊營收的29%，我國行動加值服務仍有許多值得開發的市場潛能。 由於國內先前對於行動加值服務相關領域的研究主要集中在市場面與使用者面向的研究為主，較少電信服務業者角度出發，進行服務創新模式與價值網路的研究。因此引發本研究對此研究主題的興趣，希望能透過本研究探討行動加值服務產業的服務創新與價值網路，對電信服務業者提出產業策略建議，進而創造出良性循環的產業發展環境，提昇我國行動加值服務市場的發展。 本研究針對下列問題進行研究：行動加值服務產業是否存在創新模式，這些創新模式有幾種類型？行動加值服務創新模式的創新驅動因子有哪些，這些因子彼此的驅動形式又有哪些？行動加值服務創新驅動模式是否存在產業的價值網路，網路裡的價值交換有哪些形式？如何交換？從創新模式與價值分析的結論中，電信業者能否找到可以協助產業創新和產生良性循環的經營策略？ 進而獲得下列研究結論： 1. 行動加值服務的三構面創新程度愈高，服務創新成果愈佳。 2. 組織調整、通路建置與行銷活動的配合有助於服務構面創新。 3. 行動加值服務創新驅動因子在創新過程中所扮演的角色不同，也影響了創新發展的形式。 4. 行動加值服務產業的價值網路包含電信業者本身、競爭電信業者、使用者、設備供應商、內容供應商、手機通路商、手機製造商等角色。 5. 行動加值服務產業具有良性循環的價值網路。 6. 行動加值服務的價值交換的形式包含經濟價值、整合價值與無性價值交換。 並進而對電信服務業者提出下列方向建議： 1. 電信服務業者與使用者之間。 2. 電信服務業者與服務供應商之間。 3. 電信服務業者與互補廠商之間。 4. 電信服務業者與其他電信服務業者之間。 5. 電信服務業者本身。 關鍵字：行動加值服務、服務創新、創新驅動因子、價值網路、價值交換 / According to the report by NCC (National Communication Commission of Taiwan), the number of mobile subscribers in Taiwan had reached 23.24 million at the end of 2006, and the amount of PHS and 3G subscribers was 4.62 million, which reached more than 51% of the total mobile internet users (9.147 million). As 39.34% mobile subscribers use mobile internet services, only 5~10% revenue of mobile operators came from mobile value-added services. Compared with NTT DoCoMo’s mobile service (which had) contributed 29% of the revenue in 2006, there is still a lot of room for mobile operators in Taiwan to improve their value-added services. Former researches in mobile value-added industry were mostly focused on the market and customer facets, and fewer on service innovation and value network from operator’s view. This research attempts to study service innovation model and value network of mobile value-added services industry, and tries to provide suggestions of industry strategy for telecom operators. In recent years, much research has been focused on customer demand of mobile value-added services industry; few have majored in service innovation and value network from operator’s view. Therefore this research attempts to study service innovation model and value network of mobile value-added services industry, and tries to provide suggestions of industry strategy for telecom operators. The focus of this study is to answer the following research questions: 1. Are there any innovation models in mobile value-added services industry? What patterns of service innovation are there? 2. What actors are there in those innovation patterns? And how about their roles in the innovation processes? 3. Are there any value networks of industry in the mobile value-added services innovation patterns? What categories of values being exchanged are there in the value network? And how do they be exchanged? 4. From the above results, Could telecom operator find out new strategies of services innovation and virtuous circle for mobile value-added services industry, which from results of above researches? The results are concluded as followings: 1. There are positive correlations between innovation degree of the four dimension model and service innovation results. The higher innovation degree of the four dimension model is, the better the service innovation results. The more innovative the four dimension model is, the better the service innovation results. 2. Coordination of organization development, distribution installation and marketing events serves for service innovation. 3. Innovation actors of mobile value-added services, who play different roles in innovation processes cause different innovation patterns. 4. Roles of the value network in mobile value-added services industry include telecom operators and their competitors, mobile users, telecom vendors, content providers, cellular phone distributors and cellular phone manufacturers, etc. 5. These are virtuous circles in the value network of mobile value-added services industry. 6. Exchange items in the value network of mobile value-added services are including economical value, integrated value and intangible value. The exchanges in the value network of mobile value-added services include economical value, integrated value and intangible value. Some further suggestions on strategies are proposed for telecom operator: 1. Telecom operator and mobile users. 2. Telecom operator and content providers. 3. Telecom operator and complementors. 4. Telecom operator and other telecom operators. 5. For telecom operator itself. Key words：Mobile value-added service, service innovation, innovation patterns, value network, value exchange

全球行動電話用戶數於2002年達到12億，首度超過固定電話用戶數之11億；行動電話用戶數並於2008年達41億，為固定電話用戶數(13億)之3倍以上。行動電話相對於固定電話之主要優勢在於系統之建置成本低及佈建速度快；行動電話之快速普及已成為創新擴散研究之重要題材。 行動電話擴散之研究為選取一成長模型(例如Gompertz、Logistic或Bass模型)並類比該模型以求出擴散之參數(例如成長速率)，以進一步(1)了解相關驅動因子(例如技術創新、市場開放等)對擴散參數之影響，及(2)延伸擴散模型曲線以預測未來之成長。 惟成長模型之選取尚無原理原則可供遵循而具隨機性(ad hoc basis)。為找出模型選用之可能規律，以降低模型選用之隨機性並提高成長預測之準確度，本研究以十二個代表性國家(巴、中、法、德、印、日、韓、俄、星、台、英、美)至2007年之資料以比較三個最常用之成長模型之績效，即Gompertz、Logistic及Bass模型。模型績效逐年比較標準係採用rmse值，並輔以Friedman test檢測模型績效差異之顯著性，再對照模型之機制意涵，以進一步了解最適模型之選用原則。 此外，台灣行動電話普及率於2002年為108%居全球之冠，而中國自2001年起取代美國成為全球具最多行動電話用戶數之單一國家，台灣及中國屬行動電話擴散之重要個案，惟目前尚缺此二個案之實證研究。為補足此一缺口，本研究亦對台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子進行實證研究，以進一步了解擴散之關鍵驅動力。 研究發現由於目前統計軟體之進步，Gompertz、Logistic及Bass三模型均可獲致極佳之匹配度而難分軒輊，惟模型預測力(延伸曲線)則具差異性。12個模型選用樣本國家中之8個國家(巴、中、法、德、日、韓、英、美)係以Gompertz模型具較佳之預測力；依Gompertz模型機制意涵，代表行動電話擴散早期係受網路外部性(口耳相傳)影響，惟至擴散後期(例如過了擴散極大值之一半)則已不相關。此外，若因市場開放等重大變因造成行動電話之快速擴散，則Logistic模型具有較佳之績效，如台灣及俄羅斯屬之。依Logistic模型機制意涵，代表擴散係受網路外部性所影響。Bass模型應用於行動電擴散時，因該模型所算出之創新係數偏低，績效與Logistic模型相近，而Logistic模型為Bass模型之創新係數為0時之特例。 台灣及中國行動電話擴散之驅動因子研究發現(1)價格下降及(2)預付卡之推行對加速擴散具顯著性，兩者均對低階市場之採用具影響力。鑑於高階市場將先飽和，爰未來加速行動電話擴散之關鍵驅動因子應係與推動低階市場採用具密切相關性。以中國為例，未來市場開放競爭造成價格再度大幅下降，將進一步促低階市場採用，加速中國行動電話之普及。 / The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 1.2 billion globally in 2002, exceeding fixed-line telephony subscriptions (1.1 billion) for the first time. The number of mobile telephone subscriptions reached 4.1 billion globally in 2008, over three times the number of fixed-line telephone subscriptions (1.3 billion). The main advantages of mobile telephony over fixed-line are low cost and rapid facility deployment. The rapid diffusion of mobile telephony has become an important topic in innovation diffusion. The conventional approach to studying mobile telephony diffusion is to analogize a single growth model, such as the Gompertz, Logistic or Bass model, and calculate the model parameters, for example growth rate. The significance of certain selected driving forces, such as technology innovation or market competition, to the studied parameters, such as growth rate, is then estimated. The diffusion growth can also be forecast by extrapolating the diffusion curve. Utilizing the growth model analogy is the first step in analyzing mobile telephony diffusion. However, no principles or rules exit for selecting a growth model. To identify rules for model selection to reduce randomness and increase forecast accuracy, this work uses 12 sample countries, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the UK and the USA, employing data prior to 2008 to compare the performance of three most commonly used models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models. The root mean square error (rmse) is chosen as the criterion for measuring annual model performance. The work uses the Friedman test to examine the significance of differences in performance between models. The implications of model mechanisms are emphasized to investigate the selection rule for the most appropriate model. The penetration of mobile telephony in Taiwan was 108% in 2002, ranking first in the world. Furthermore, in 2001 the number of mobile telephony in China replaced the United States as number one in the world. Both Taiwan and China are important examples for mobile telephony diffusion. However, no empirical investigation has been performed in these two cases. To fill this gap, this work estimated the driving forces for mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China to learn about the critical drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion. Empirical results indicate that due to improvements in statistical software, providing good fitness for all three models, namely the Gompertz, Logistic and Bass models, distinguishing which has the best fitness is difficult. However, the performance of the three models is distinguishable when forecasting based on extrapolating the diffusion curve. In eight of the 12 examples, namely Brazil, China, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, the UK and the USA, the Gompertz model is the most appropriate model for forecasting. The mechanism of the Gompertz model means that during the initial stage the diffusion is correlated with network externalities (namely word of mouth), however, this correlation reduces during the later stages (such as pass one half of the maximum potential). Moreover, the cases of Taiwan and Russia demonstrated that the Logistic model performs well provided some significant driver of the diffusion exists. The mechanism of the Logistic model means that the diffusion is correlated with network externalities throughout the whole diffusion. Furthermore, using Chinese data, when the Bass model is applied, because of its low innovation coefficient, it performs similarly to the Logistic model, which is a special case of the Bass model in which the innovation coefficient equals zero. Empirical results for the critical driving forces of mobile telephony diffusion in Taiwan and China indicate that (1) reducing prices and (2) the launch of pre-paid services are crucial to mobile telephony diffusion. Both factors are essential to mobile telephony adoption in low-end markets. The high-end market is the first to be saturated by mobile telephony adoption, future drivers of the mobile telephony diffusion should be highly correlated with low-end market demand. Taking China as an example, the opening of the market to further reduce tariffs will attract mobile telephony adoption in the low-end market, facilitating the mobile telephony diffusion.

服務創新和發展文化創意產業已成為在這幾年的熱門話題。許多的研究也顯示出文化背景對影響人們做決策和經營管理的重要性；並且，許多相關的文獻也顯示，融合文化來做服務創新的可能性。因此，在這項研究中，我們的目標研究就是要了解是否有任何可以讓我們結合當地的文化資產還有運用資訊科技的協助來促進中小企業達到服務創新的可能性。我們期望可以用文化的角度來看資訊科技於服務創新上的應用，尤其是對中小型企業的業主。 　　在本文中，我們提出了「文化驅動因子」，藉以傳達人受到文化的影響所傳達出來的情感、價值觀和行為等。除此之外，我們更進一步的提出以語意為基礎的資訊系統，希望藉由本系統，我們可以用一種新穎的方式來詮釋當地的文化，並使用當地文化影響下所生成的「文化驅動因子」來激勵中小企業做服務創新。我們相信我們的系統可以激發中小企業，了解他們的文化背景，並進一步實現服務創新的目標。 / To do service innovation and to develop culture and creative industry are becoming a hot issue in these years. A lot of researches have been demonstrating the importance of culture and how it relates or influences to people's decision making and business management. However, few researches to date show the IT enabled use of culture ingredients to do service innovation. Accordingly, in this research we aim to investigate if there is any possibility for us to utilize cultural factors and IT to facilitate the creation service innovation opportunities. Therefore, we intend to view service innovation from the lens of local cultural factors and IT, especially for the small and medium business owners (SMBs). In this paper, we proposed “cultural interpretations” as the emotions, values and behavior, etc. which people convey out through the effect of culture. In addition, we come up with a semantic information system to motive or inspire SMBs with a new way to think about service innovation by leveraging the local culture in terms of the perspective of “cultural interpretations”. We believe our system could motive SMBs to understand their culture context and then achieve the goal of doing service innovation.