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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣地震散群之研究

吳東陽 Unknown Date (has links)
九二一地震是台灣數十年來傷亡最大的地震,根據中央氣象局的研究發現九二一地震之後半年至一年內發生的地震,大多數都是由其引發的餘震,然而一個地震屬於主震、或是某個地震的餘震又該如何判斷呢?本文是以統計資料分析之觀點來區分主震與餘震,而不是利用相關地震學理論來區分主震與餘震,本文主要研究的是比較四種區分主震與餘震的方法:整體距離(Global Distance)、負相關(Negative Correlation)、最近鄰區(Nearest Neighbors)、視窗(Window)。四種地震散群方法所需要給定的參數:時間與空間參數,要如何選取與決定,本文則是利用台灣自1991年1月 1日至2003年12月31日之地震規模大於5.0以上的資料,定義地震減少比例(decreasing earthquake percent)來選取參數,以求出最適當的模型參數。套用選取得到的模型參數,利用電腦模擬地震來驗證比較方法的優劣,依據誤判主震(False Positive)、誤判餘震(False Negative)、分錯比例(Overall Error Rate)等準則比較各種地震散群方法的優劣,研究發現四種方法各有其優劣之處。 關鍵詞:主震、餘震、空間統計、最近鄰區、電腦模擬 / The Chi-Chi earthquake resulted in one of the greatest casualties for the past 100 years in Taiwan. According to the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan, most of the earthquakes that occurred 6 months to 12 months after the Chi-Chi earthquake were the aftershocks. But in general, how do we classify if a certain earthquake is a main earthquake or aftershock? In this study, our interest is on the statistical methods for detecting whether an earthquake is a main earthquake. Four declustering methods are considered: Global Distance, Negative Correlation, Nearest Neighbors and Window. Taiwan earthquake data, with magnitude larger than 5 occurring between 1991 and 2003, were used to determine the parameters used in these four methods. Finally, a computer simulation is used to evaluate the performance of four methods, based on the results such as false positive and false negative, and overall Error Rate. Key Words: Decluster, Aftershock, Spatial Statistics, Nearest Neighbors, Simulation
2

多重群集的偵測研究 / A study of methods for detecting multiple clusters

黃柏誠, Huang, Bo Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
檢測某些地區是否有較高的疾病發生率,亦即群集(Cluster)現象,是近年來空間統計(Spatial Statistics)在流行病學的主要應用之一,常見的偵測方法包括SaTScan (Kulldorff, 1995)及Spatial Scan Statistic (Li et al., 2011)。這些方法多半大都採用一次性偵測,也就是比較疑似群集之內外相對風險(Relative Risk),如此確實可提高計算效率,同時檢視所有疑似群集。然而,一次性偵測會受到群集外其他發生率較高群集的影響,對於相對風險較小群集的偵測能力過於保守(Zhang et al., 2010)。 本文以多重群集偵測為研究目標,以逐次分析的方式修正SaTScan等群集偵測方法,逐一篩選出發生率較高的顯著群集,並探討逐次分析在使用上的時機及限制。除了透過電腦模擬,測試逐次群集分析的改進效果,我們也分析臺灣地區的癌症死亡率,比較偵測結果的差異。研究發現,逐次群集偵測確實能提高相對風險較小群集的偵測能力,像是在相對風險不大於1.6的群集時尤其有效,但若相對風險大於1.6時,SaTScan的偵測能力不受多重群集的影響。 / Cluster detection, one of the major research topics in spatial statistics, has been applied to identify areas with higher incidence rates and is very popular in many fields such as epidemiology. Many famous cluster detection methods are proposed, such as SaTScan (Kulldorff, 1995) and Spatial Scan Statistic (Li et al., 2011). Most of these methods adapt the idea for comparing the relative risk inside and outside the suspected clusters. Although these methods are efficient computationally, clusters with smaller relative risk are not easy to be detected (Zhang et al, 2010). The goal of this study is to apply the idea of sequential search into SaTScan, in order to improve the power of detecting clusters with smaller relative risk, and to explore the limitation of sequential method. The computer simulation and empirical study (Taiwan cancer mortality data) are used to evaluate the sequential SaTScan. We found that the Sequential method can improve the power of cluster detection, especially effective for the cases where the clusters with relative risk not greater than 1.6. However, the sequential method also suffers from identifying false clusters.
3

台灣地區鄉鎮市區生育率的空間與群集研究

許添容, Hsu, Tien-Jung Albert Unknown Date (has links)
生育率的降低是影響台灣地區近年來人口老化的顯著因素,因其變化幅度通常高於死亡率,對人口結構的影響較大。過去台灣地區生育率研究多為整體生育(如:總生育率、年齡別生育率)趨勢的模型,較少探討台灣各地區的特色。為能更深入瞭解台灣生育行為變化的特性,本文將生育率的研究層面由整體的資料,延伸至全台灣地區的各鄉鎮市區(不含離島地區有350個鄉鎮市區),希冀能更精確地找出與台灣地區生育率持續下降的相關因素。本文分為兩個部份,以鄉鎮市區的年齡別婦女生育率與年齡別有偶婦女生育率為研究對象,資料時間為1991、1992、2001、2002年:第一部份探討各鄉鎮市區的生育率數值間是否存在空間相關性,並進一步瞭解生育率較高(或較低)的地區是否有聚集的現象。第二部份則套用空間迴歸模型探討與生育率數值有關的因素(例如:人口密度、教育程度等),更精確且客觀地提供生育率未來趨勢的建議。 關鍵字:生育率、人口老化、空間統計、空間群聚、空間迴歸 / Both the fertility rates and mortality rates, especially the fertility rates, have been experiencing dramatic decreases in recent years, and the population aging thus has become one of the major concerns in Taiwan area. In order to identify the factors that are related to the decrease of fertility rates, unlike the previous works that deal with the aggregate national data, we will study the fertility pattern in township level. We will use the data of age-specific fertility rates and total fertility rates in 1991, 1992, 2001, and 2002 in 350 townships of Taiwan area. This study will be separated into two parts. First, we shall explore if there is spatial correlation among 350 townships of Taiwan area and detect if there are spatial clusters for higher fertility townships. The second part of this project will be focused on the spatial regression model. We will use this model to determine the factors that are highly correlated to the dropping of fertility rates. Key Words: Fertility Rates, Aging Population, Spatial Statistics, Spatial Clustering, Spatial Regression
4

色字共感覚における共感覚色の決定過程

濱田, 大佐 23 March 2017 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第20463号 / 人博第813号 / 新制||人||195(附属図書館) / 28||人博||813(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 齋木 潤, 教授 小村 豊, 准教授 月浦 崇 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
5

空間統計在研究犯罪外溢作用之應用

張紹禕 Unknown Date (has links)
犯罪行為受到警力或法律執行的影響,會移動到鄰近警力較差地區。正如 Gylys所說:考量一個地區警力的多寡,將受到其他鄰近區域警力的影響 很大。Mehay亦認為:從實際經驗上來看,對於移動性的犯罪(如搶劫、縱 火、偷竊等),外部支配型式力量(如警力)的適當增加,將迫使其外溢( spillovers)至鄰近區域。利用空間統計的自我迴歸模式,我們可以更了 解移動性犯罪受到相連區域自我相關的影響。即使相關性不高,在作了差 分之後,其主成分分析最大負載變數項,變化相當大。所以資料裡,如果 有區域自我相關的情形,就應該謹慎處裡。

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