歐洲主要市場奈米科技產品之商業化 / Objectives of the research: To identify commercial possibilities and develop an entry strategy for Nano technology product in the healthcare segment for key Western European markets. To investigate the Benelux and German customer landscape by collecting data via hospital and field expert interviews. To compile the research findings to formulate the Europe market entry strategy and provide future recommendations. Executive Summary This paper sets out to research the European market entry possibilities of ‘Nano technology Product’, an antimicrobial surface treatment that uses nano-scale technology to kill bacteria and viruses upon contact. Through face-to-face interviews with infectious disease professionals in the hospital environment, a research was conducted to understand, what needs end-users have and which procedures and products are currently employed. Furthermore, the research aimed to reveal how aware potential customers are about nanotechnology in general and ‘Nano technology Product’ in specific, what institutions govern the landscape and how end users’ budgets are set. Based on an analysis of the institutional landscape in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium, a recommended market entry strategy is created for the ‘Nano technology Product’.

1975年，科學家Andres, Graebner和Ott在量測CeAl3材料比熱對溫度的變化中，發現在低溫度處具有一個巨大的γ值，此種有別於一般金屬γ值大於1000倍的材料稱為重費米子材料。可視為其電子等效質量大於電子質量1000倍，此電子被稱為重費米子。 近幾年來大家研究專注在Ce(Co,Rh,Ir)In5的重費米子材料中。在這系統中，CeRhIn5本身具有超導和反鐵磁的特性，其超導特性需要外加壓力5 GPa才看的到在0.4K有超導轉變溫度。而CeIrIn5在0.4k時有超導的現象。但因為CeRhIn5 與CeIrIn5超導的溫度的過低，所以我們選擇此系統裡超導溫度最高的CeCoIn5來作為我的研究主題，其在常壓下其超導相轉變溫度為2.26 K，因此我們試著以調變外加壓力來改變此材料的超導轉變溫度來研究壓力對變溫度的關係。 我們利用flux方法成長CeCoIn5單晶塊材，並對其進行了電性、磁性、與比熱上的分析。首先，我們利用了XRD來確認我們塊材樣品為四方晶系的單晶結構。而在成份方面由EDS所得到數據來確認Ce:Co:In為1:1:5的比例。 在電阻率、磁化率、比熱對溫度的量測，都可以明顯的看出常壓下CeCoIn5的超導轉變溫度為2.26 K。 我們利用量測磁化率對溫度的曲線來觀察在改變外加壓力下CeCoIn5的超導轉變溫度，我們施加壓力從0到1 GPa，我們觀察到其超導轉變溫度從2.1 K 線性增加到2.4 K。

奈米科技被認為在不同的領域都能帶來重大好處，例如醫藥發展、水、土壤或土淨化、資訊和通信基礎設施等方面。奈米科技也可用來製造的更強韌、更輕巧的材料，這也是為什麼政府和許多公司行號願意投注大量的資金來發展奈米科技。而這當中，媒體扮演了至關重要的角色，因為媒體對於奈米科技的報導，不僅會影響人們對此科技的印象與知識，更有可能影響政府的決策。因此，瞭解媒體如何報導奈米科技，甚至不同國家的報紙是否反映在地經濟與文化背景，實在是個不可忽略的重要研究問題。藉由分析美國與捷克的三家平面媒體從2000年至2010年共計150則新聞，本研究發現，以整體故事的基調而言，美國和捷克記者對奈米科技大都持肯定態度。此外，他們頻繁地使用「進步框架」，強調此科技未來的潛力，這三個報紙所報導的關於奈米科技的優點也遠遠超過風險，在這些媒體所提到的少數風險當中，較受到注意的是「未知」和「醫療」方面的風險。關於消息來源，大學的教職員和科學家是記者最常訪問的對象。這項研究有助於瞭解科學和社會的互動。藉由分析處於不同社會、政治和文化背景之下的媒體，本研究對於不同的社會環境如何理解一項新興科技，提供了有價值的見解。 / Nanotechnologies seem to have potential to bring significant benefits in diverse areas such as pharmaceuticals development, water, soil or earth decontamination, information and communication infrastructures, and the production of stronger, lighter and better nanomaterials. It is also what attracts investment from both governments and private sectors in nanotechnologies. Media play a crucial role in this dynamic. Based on these facts, it will be interesting to examine media coverage of nanotechnology to see if it reflects different economic and cultural context. Analyzing 150 news stories from 2000 to 2010, I found that American and Czech press was largely positive about nanotechnology in terms of overall story tone. Furthermore, not only did they portray the technology as having the potential to bring about progress (the progress frame), the examined newspapers also emphasized a lot more benefits than risks, with a focus on unspecified or yet unknown ones and medical. As far as news sources are concerned, university employees and scientists as well as general sources were consulted most frequently by the journalists in the United States and the Czech Republic. This study contributes to the discussions about how science and society interact. By analyzing media content in different social, political, and cultural contexts, this study provides valuable insights into how an emerging technology is understood in different societies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

在本論文中，我們給定具漢米爾頓環路或漢米爾頓路徑的圖形的k-傳播值下界，且找到它確定的值，並說明具漢米爾頓環路的k-傳播值及漢米爾頓路徑的圖形的全傳播值。

科學與人類的關係日趨密切，發生在我們周圍的科學爭議事件也愈來愈多。有鑑於此 ，本研究乃以民國七十年六月發生的蝦米螢光劑事件為研究對象，旨在針對本事件的 過程、前因後果及報紙扮演的角色及其影響，加以探討、分析，希望藉此研究提供科 學新聞報導改進的參考。 本研究的研究方法為個案研究法，係採用文獻分析、深入訪談及內容分析，來研究與 蝦米螢光劑事件有關的組織及個人之角色與其表現，並對事件的整個過程及影響作一 番分析。本研究對科學家、消基會人員、政府官員及記者，以開放式問卷作深入訪談 。在內容分析方面，本研究以內分析法分析了中央日報、中國時報、聯合報、民生報 、自立冕報和台灣新生報六家報紙的內容，並使用變異數分析及多重比較等統計方法 分析有關資料。 透過本研究可知，本事件發生的主要情形是，當時（民國七十年）因為消基會剛成立 ，一切制度尚未建立，而檢驗蝦米的工作和初步結果無意間被記者們發現。記者們在 未向其他單位或個人查證的情況下，便報導出來，而造成蝦米滯消。本研究顯示，報 紙在本事件中伓僅扮演守望人的角色，也具有推波助瀾的鼓吹功能。此外，本研究亦 發現，本事件除了科學層面外，還涉及政治，同時也影響了政府政策的制定。 根據內容分析的結果顯示，民生報的報導篇幅最多，達５７７．１％平方吋，佔３２ ％（N＝１８０９．５平方吋）； 而中央日報最少，只有２１．２平方吋，佔７％， 而且民生報與中央日報在報導篇幅上有顯著差異。在報導方式上，民生報運用的報導 方式最多，有純淨新聞、言論（包括記者特稿、學者專論及短評）、專訪及讀者投書 ；而中央日報最少，僅有純淨新聞及言論（只有記者特稿，而無學者專論及短評）； 其餘四家報紙主要以純淨新聞及言論為報導方式。在純淨新聞（本報訊加上專電）中 ，以中國時報的則數最多，有２４則，佔２９％（N＝８３則）。 在言論立場上，台灣新生報是六家報紙中對消基會責備最多的報紙，而民生報則最支 持消基會。登載科學爭議最多的報紙是民生報，計有六則，佔５５％，其他依序為中 國時報、聯合報、台灣新生報、自立晚報及中央日報。以頭條新聞方式刊登的報紙， 最多的為民生報與中國時報，各有六天。至於在新聞的處理方式上，六家報紙均詳細 報導科學細節。 此外，本研究並未發現消息來源集中於少數人的情形，也未發現爭議雙方使用言詞縮 減法或膨脹法來辯論，而且報紙並未接受任何的辯論架構與辭彙，而是以兩面並陳的 方式予以報導，這些均與研究文獻的結果不同。 本研究建議，記者在報導科學爭議事件的新聞時，宜多方查證，不宜相信片面之詞， 並應該在鼓吹意理與客觀公正等新聞原則間求取平衡。本研究亦建議，可對其他媒介 ，如廣播、電視及雜誌作相似的研究，如此或可對有關科學爭議事件之報導建立模式 ，供新聞界參考。

2004年石墨烯的發現是二維（2D）材料發展的關鍵性時刻。近年來，由於從2D材料出現的新性質和應用，許多非石墨烯層狀材料也成為重要的研究課題。 在本論文中，我們利用密度泛函理論（DFT）進行了對二硫化鉬奈米帶與其加上各種原子鏈的混合結構做了各種研究如結構，電子性質，能帶隙，局部電子態密度（LDOS）和磁化的性質。從我們的研究發現，二硫化鉬與不同的原子鏈混合時會改變原本的半導體性質,而有半金屬和導體的性質出現. / A new area of two-dimensional (2D) materials started in 2004, when graphene was successfully isolated from graphite. In recent years, there has been lots of research topic focusing on other(non-graphene) layered materials due to the new properties and applications that were found in 2D confinement. Within this thesis, an ab-initio study of MoS2 nanoribbon with a wide variety of atomic chains deposited on it is performed by utilizing the framework of density functional theory(DFT). Properties like the structural, band gaps, electronic properties, local electronic density of states (LDOS) and magnetization are determined. We have found that depositing atomic chains,the band gap of MoS2 nanoribbons can be engineered, changing the initially semiconductor ribbon into half metallic and conductors.

碲化鉍((Bi2Te3)是熱電材料轉換效率較高的元件，其優質係數ZT值約為1。希望藉由奈米的量子效應提升它的熱電性質，我們製作一系列低維度的奈米線和薄膜來進行研究。本實驗使用的碲化鉍奈米線乃利用薄膜樣品與基板的熱膨脹係數不同，經由熱處理在碲化鉍的薄膜上長出奈米線。由掃描式電子式顯微鏡和穿隧式電子顯微鏡可以觀察到菱形晶胞(Rhombohedral unit cell)結構的碲化鉍奈米線沿著(110)方向生長，直徑約150-330 nm長度約20-30 μm。將碲化鉍奈米線轉移到矽晶片上，運用半導體製程中的熱蒸鍍(Evaporator)以及電子束曝光系統(E-Beam writer)製作電極、熱電偶和加熱器來量測席貝克(Seebeck) 係數、電傳導率和熱傳導率。最後成功的製作與量測出p型(107 μV/k) 和n型(-52.8 μV/k) 的奈米線，雖然其席貝克係數小於塊材，但奈米線的熱傳導率低於塊材兩倍以上，研究發現最好的碲化鉍奈米線的熱電優值(ZT value) 可達1.18略大於塊材。 碲化鉍薄膜是以分子束磊晶 (Molecular Beam epitaxy)成長，分子束磊晶是在高真空下以物理的方式將高純度的材料4N (99.99%)將原子傳遞至基板上進行沉積反應形成，鍍率可低於0.1 nm/秒以下，因此可以製備出高品質的薄膜樣品，製造出各種不同比例的Bi-Te的薄膜。藉由X光繞射儀可以得知薄膜是菱形晶胞結構並且延著(0,0,l)的平面所成長。並用熱電偶成功的量測出薄膜的席貝克係數在室溫下座落於80-80 μV/k，電阻率5-30 μΩ-m，計算出功率因子(power factor)最高可達2000 μW/mK^2，與塊材相比低於一半，但是薄膜的熱傳導率同樣也低於塊材兩倍以上。最後得到最佳的碲化鉍薄膜的熱電優值(ZT value) 可達到1.01等同於塊材。 / Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is the thermoelectric material used for high-efficiency energy conversion. The figure of merit ZT of bulk is around 1. To study the promising positive effects on the thermoelectric properties, low dimensional nanowires and thin films of Bi2Te3 were prepared and measurements were performed. Here the method applied to nanowires growth on Bi2Te3 thin films is the mismatch of thermal expansion between substrate and thin films. By annealing at 300-350℃ for a week, the nanowires were grown on the thin films. Rhombohedral structure of Bi2Te3 nanowires with diameter ~150-330 nm and length ~20-30 μm grew along (110) direction was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction Pattern (SAED). To measure the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, Bi2Te3 nanowires were moved to silicon chips. Electrodes, thermometers and heaters were fabricated through thermal evaporation and E-Beam lithography processes. We successfully grew p-type(107 μV/k) and n-type(-52.8 μV/k) nanowires. Although Seebeck coefficient of nanowires is smaller than that of bulks, its thermal conductivity is less than half of that of bulks. The best ZT value of nanowires we obtained was 1.18, which was slightly larger than that of the bulks. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is a technique to grow Bi2Te3 thin films under extremely high vacuum, which is undergoing a physical vapor deposition to atomically grow thin films layer by layer. Due to the deposition rate is lower than 0.1 nm/s, we can deposit the high-quality thin films and adjust the ratio between bismuth and telluride. Rhombohedral structure of thin films grew along (110) plane was confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The Seebeck coefficient (80-80 μV/k) and electrical resistivity (5-30 μΩ-m) in room temperature are obtained by the thermocouples. The highest power factor can reach to 2000 μW/mK^2. While the power factor of thin films is about half of bulk ‘s value, the thermal conductivity of thin films is also half of that of bulks. The best ZT value of thin films obtained was nearly as same as that of bulks, 1.01.

No description available.

由於近年來國內外食品安全事件風波不斷，台灣一連串的食品安全問題接連引爆，台灣美食王國的聲譽嚴重受到衝擊，不僅讓大多數國人對台灣食品安全失去信賴度，也讓消費者蒙受各種損失及健康風險，多數人對食品產業失去信心，食品產業也同時面臨極大考驗，甚至引起經營危機。 我國以農為本，昔日農業是臺灣經濟發展的根本，現代農業則是具備糧食安全、生態環境、文化特色及國土保育等多元角色。稻米產業是保證國民營養安全健康的民生產業，其在構建和完善糧食安全保障體系中具有重要地位。 多數市售包裝米的供應商於近年來經過食安危機後，面臨最關鍵的行銷轉型期，本研究透過蒐集相關文獻及官方資料，瞭解目前臺灣地區食品安全現況，首先探討政府單位對食品安全相關管理機制政策的轉變，進而探討包裝米業者因應的產品及行銷策略，最後則是探討市場端，分析『消費行為』與『通路商的經營模式』。希望透過《聯米企業》個案公司之行銷深入探討，試圖歸納並驗證如何讓台灣市售包裝米市場在面臨消費者對米食的多樣性和品質需求變化，以及在外部環境快速競爭下，發展出『質與量』並重的行銷策略，讓生產端和供給面能夠跟上需求的變化，以提供台灣糧食產業在食安危機議題下突破重圍的策略參考。 本研究結論期許食安管理體系再造，政府、企業和民眾能共同努力，創造三贏的局面，讓台灣的食品業能在全球化競爭中打造核心優勢，連帶也促進食品產業升級。應驗透過強化食品安全的治理體系、業者自律與全民參與的方式，達到「從農場到餐桌（From Farm to Table），確保食品安全」的目標，帶給國人生活最安心的保障。

摘 要 奈米科技目前被世界各先進國家視為是二十一世紀產業發展的最大驅動力,美國預測未來10到15年內奈米產業產品市場規模將達到美金一兆元,所以美國、日本、歐盟、等先進國家從1997年開始就編列數億美元作為研究經費,並逐年增加研究預算,2001年中國大陸及我國亦開始加以重視並編列研究經費,我國從2003年開始至2008年期間更預定編列總計約新台幣231億元之研究經費成立奈米科技國家型計畫投入研究,其研究成果勢將直接影響國內未來奈米產業之發展及國內相關產業之國際競爭力,並對國內未來經濟成長產生具體影響及貢獻。 奈米科技可應用涵蓋產業範圍極廣,從化工、材料、量測、紡織、能源等傳統產業,到資訊、電子、通訊、儲存、光電、平面顯示器、生技等高科技產業都與奈米科技互相關連,值此奈米科技萌芽階段,我國應及早投入研發具有創新價值的奈米技術,並加速部署奈米科技相關專利與智慧財產權等無形資產,以縮短未來與先進國家奈米產業發展之差距。我國能否創造未來奈米產業競爭優勢,與產業發展策略息息相關,本研究主要目的在探討我國奈米科技產業發展策略,對國內奈米產業發展建立建議性發展方向,只有能充份整合國內產、官、學、研各界共識及意見並整合上、中、下游力量的發展策略,才能建立未來奈米產業所需之技術平台,既能結合我國過去累積的各項傳統產業群聚優勢,又可開創新興產業,以創造另一個更具競爭力與更高附加價值的全方位知識型產業。 / Abstract Nanotechnology has become a principal driving force for the development of industries in the 21st century. USA forecast that the future market for Nanotechnology industry will reach the scale of $1 trillion US dollars. Leading countries in the world such as USA, Japan, and European Union have invested billions of US dollars for the R&D expenses of Nanotechnology since 1997 and are increasing the budgets each year. Taiwan government has also planned the national Nanotechnology research project with budgets of NT dollars $23.1 Billion from 2003 to 2008.The research results will influence the future nanotech industry development and the competitive advantage of related industries of our country and will contribute to the future economic growth of Taiwan. Nanotechnology can be applied to various kinds of industries from traditional industries such as chemistry, material, surveying, textile and energy industries to high-tech industries such as information, electronic, storage, photoelectric, and display industries. At the early stage of Nanotechnology, we should invest to research the nanotech as soon as possible, and map out the patent and intelligence properties to shorten the difference of our Nanotechnology industry achievement to that of leading countries. Whether we can create the competitive advantage of Nanotechnology industry or not is closely linked with the development strategies. The purpose of this study is to explore the Nanotechnology industry development strategies for our country, and to conclude some suggestions for its developing direction. The development strategies should integrate the opinions among government policy makers, industries, academic circles, and research institutions to establish the technology platform for the future development of Nanotechnology industry. The development strategies should interconnect the cluster advantage of our traditional industries and create emerging industries to establish a more competitive strength and high economic value of knowledge-based industry for Taiwan.