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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

非營利組織資訊揭露之影響因素

陳玥君 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以2005年版《台灣300家主要基金會名錄》上所列之財團法人基金會為研究對象,針對基金會網站資訊揭露的情況進行分析,檢視影響非營利組織資訊揭露程度之組織特性因素。其次,再從組織特性及資訊揭露程度這兩個構面,分析影響捐款收入之因素為何。 研究結果顯示,影響資訊揭露最重要的因素為組織規模、員工人數及所在地。另一方面,影響捐款收入最重要的因素則為員工人數、設立年數及所在地。至於資訊揭露程度,雖然實證結果與預期方向相符,皆是正向的,但是結果並不顯著,表示資訊揭露的程度可能會影響組織所獲得的捐款收入,但並不是最主要的影響因素。
2

組織特性與個人屬性對訓練移轉影響之探討--以台北捷運公司為個案分析

陶紀貞, Tao, Chi-Chen Unknown Date (has links)
面對廿一世紀的來臨,各公私組織已將人力視為其重要的資產,不論國家競爭力或企業競爭力的提昇,人力的良窳佔有極重要的角色。「國家競爭優勢」作者波特(Porter)教授的著名菱形理論中,甚至將人力資源列為影響產業競爭優勢的基本因素之一。雖然人力資源十分重要,但組織因身處持續變遷的環境中,若對人力資源不加以培育,其價值可能流失,甚至成為組織的包袱或債務。故Johnston & Packer兩人認為「教育與訓練是保存與增加國家人力資源的主要功能」(1987:116);Thomas Peters建議「工作訓練與持續再訓練,必須提高為企業與國家的最高議題」(1988:322); Porter在其所著「國家競爭優勢」一書中認為,競爭力強的企業大多擁有完整且比對手更強的員工訓練活動,它們在內部訓練的投資平均甚至高於產業研發(1996:853)。 在學術界,專家學者不斷地呼籲訓練對組織與國家的存續與發展是非常的重要;而在實務界,不論各公私部門組織,對訓練皆已投注相當多的資源,舉例來說在美國整個產業每年花費在訓練發展的成本將近1100億,我國目前雖無詳細的統計金額,但從政府的訓練機構已由民國五十九年的三十所躍升至目前的六十餘所(吳定,民88:33)的蓬勃發展現象,亦可見訓練所受到的重視程度。 訓練的重要雖不容置疑,但訓練的成效如何亦不容忽視,依據Hoffman的報告預估只有訓練費用的10%能在可觀察的工作行為上得到成果(1983:34-39);Baldwin & Ford(1988)研究發現,訓練後不到10%能產生真正的學習成效;Curry(1994)等人評估訓練結果僅有10-13%的學習成效能夠移轉到工作情境上; John Newstrom調查分析後認為在訓練後,有40%可以馬上運用在工作上,25%可以持續應用至六個月,而只有15%在一年之後仍然能運用訓練時所學。由上述論點顯見訓練的投入與訓練產出實不成比例,近幾年來許多專家學者不斷探究造成兩者相差懸殊的原因,紛紛進行訓練成效的評鑑,郤發現「訓練移轉」在整個訓練過程中實佔有關鍵性的地位。 所謂「訓練移轉」簡單的說是指員工將訓練時所學的新知識與新技能有效地應用在工作行為上。本文擬從組織與個人兩大因素來探究對於訓練移轉的影響如何。而組織因素依據Huczynski & Lewis(1980), Baldwin & Ford(1988), Tracey & Tews(1995), Xiao(1996), Gregoire, Propp & Poertner(1998)等人的說法,可歸類組織文化與氣候、主管的支持、同儕的態度、考績與報酬系統以及工作特徵等五項因素。個人屬性依據Huczynski & Lewis(1980), Noe(1986), Baldwin & Ford(1988), Tracey&Tews(1995), Xiao(1996), Gregoire, Propp & Poertner(1998)的說法,可分為動機與期望、工作能力、工作態度、目標設定等四項因素。最後,以台北捷運公司為本文的個案研究對象。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機 第二節 研究目的 第三節 研究方法與限制 第四節 研究流程 第五節 訓練移轉的基本概念 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 訓練移轉之相關研究 第二節 組織特性對訓練移轉之影響 第三節 個人屬性對訓練移轉之影響 第三章 個案研究 第一節 研究架構與假設 第二節 研究對象 第三節 研究工具 第四節 樣本特性 第五節 資料分析的方法 第四章 調查分析 第一節 因素分析 第二節 信度分析 第三節 人口統計變項與訓練移轉之關係 第四節 組織特性、個人屬性與訓練移轉之相關分析 第五章 結論 第一節 發現 第二節 建議
3

組織特性與新產品發展過程對新產品開發績效之影響研究—以中科院為例 / Effects of the organization characteristic and new product development processes on performance of new product development – A study of Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology

茹鴻英, Hung-Ying Ju January 1992 (has links)
高科技產業本身所具備的高風險、快速變動、產品生命週期短的特質,促使置身高科技產業中的企業必須具備更快速的因應能力,方能在競爭激烈的環境中生存。 有鑑於研發活動重要性日漸提高,市場上新產品的競爭狀況越演越烈,在台灣不論什麼產業都需不斷致力於發展新產品的活動。而列為國內首屈一指高科技國防武器研發單位的中科院;其新產品的研發績效,是一值得探討的課題。 本研究遂以組織特性及新產品發展過程,探究新產品開發所產生的影響效果,以中科院大型武器系統研發為研究對象;採用個案研究的方式,進行結構性深度訪談。本研究採用組織特性中的組織對創新的鼓勵、主管支持、資源、時間壓力等四個變數;將新產品發展過程分為產品創意、產品概念、產品雛形、最終產品、行銷計畫五個構面;探究對於新產品開發績效包括:「財務績效」、「市場績效」、「機會窗口」等之影響,作為研究架構。 主要研究目的為以下三點: 1. 探討組織特性與新產品發展過程之關係。 2. 探討組織特性與新產品發展過程對新產品開發績效之影響。 3. 探討中科院的組織特性與新產品發展過程對新產品開發績效之影響。 研究主要發現為: 1. 新產品發展過程中,不管是組織鼓勵、主管支持或是充裕的資源皆有助於提高員工的創造力;組織鼓勵與主管支持與激勵員工內在的動機有較大的關連,但是充裕的資源對員工創造力的提升可能會帶來最直接的立即效果。 2. 由研究的個案資料中發現,中科院在新產品發展過程中的阻礙有兩項因素:(1)產品生命週期較長,故不需要不斷的創新或發展新的產品;(2)因為有特定市場及需求顧客,所以沒有去注重行銷計畫。 / High-tech industry itself possesses high risks, combined with fast fluctuation, short product life cycles. High-tech enterprises thus have to own the flexibility to deal with such situation and enable to survival in the most competitive environment. In the light of increasingly important Research & Development activities and more competitive new products on the market, industries in Taiwan have all require being committed to activities for developing new products. Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology, an eminent institution developing national defensive weapons, deserves to be explored in its performances of new products development. This research explores the effects of organization characteristic and new product development process on the performance of new product development, and takes large-sized weapon system of Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology as the research object; the research is carried out in the way of the case study, conducting in-depth interviews in structure. The research uses four variables in the organization characteristic, such as encouragements for creativity, supervisor’s support, resources and time pressure; the new product development process contains five stages, which are product creativity, product concept, product prototype, final product and marketing plan; New product development performances to be explored in their influences include financial performance, market performance, window of opportunity as the framework of the research. The purpose of the research focuses on the following three points: 1. It explores the relations between organization characteristic and new product development process. 2. It explores the effects of the organization characteristic and new product development process to new products, 3. It explores the effects of the organization characteristic and new product development process to new products in Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology Important findings: 1. On the process of developing new products, either organizational encouragements or superiors’ supports or ample resources have been beneficial to the increase of employees’ creativity; organizational encouragements, superiors’ supports and employee stimulation have greater links with employees’ inner motive; however, ample resources may bring direct effect on employees’ creativity. 2. Case study reveals that there are two hindrance factors on the process of developing new products at Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology: (1) the product life cycle is longer, so it required less continuing innovation nor new product developments; (2) it has certain markets and fixed customers, so marketing strategies have not been particularly emphasized. / 第一章 緒論---------------------------------------------------------------------1    第一節 研究背景與動機---------------------------------------------1    第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------------------3 第三節 研究範圍------------------------------------------------------5 第四節 研究流程------------------------------------------------------5 第二章 文獻探討---------------------------------------------------------------7    第一節 組織特性------------------------------------------------------7 1-1 組織特性與創新之關係-------------------------------9 1-1-1組織鼓勵與創新之關係------------------------------9 1-1-2主管支持與創新之關係-----------------------------11 1-1-3資源與創新之關係-----------------------------------12 1-1-4時間壓力與創新之關係-----------------------------14    第二節 新產品發展過程--------------------------------------------14 2-1 創新的定義---------------------------------------------15 2-2 創新的類型---------------------------------------------16     2-3 新產品之定義與分類---------------------------------20   2-4 新產品發展過程---------------------------------------25 第三節 新產品開發績效--------------------------------------------35 第三章 研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------43    第一節 研究方法-----------------------------------------------------45    第二節 研究架構-----------------------------------------------------46    第三節 研究假設-----------------------------------------------------47    第四節 研究限制-----------------------------------------------------47 第五節 訪談問卷設計-----------------------------------------------47 第四章 個案研究--------------------------------------------------------------50    第一節 研究對象-----------------------------------------------------50    第二節 訪談內容彙整及分析--------------------------------------51 第五章 研究發現與命題-----------------------------------------------------59 第六章 修正研究架構與管理意涵-----------------------------------------62    第一節 修正研究架構-----------------------------------------------62    第二節 管理意涵-----------------------------------------------------62 第七章 結論與建議-----------------------------------------------------------64 第一節 結論-----------------------------------------------------------64 第二節 研究建議-----------------------------------------------------65 參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------66 附錄一 個案研究及其種類--------------------------------------------------70 第一節 個案研究及其特徵-----------------------------------------70 第二節 個案研究的種類--------------------------------------------70 第二節 個案研究的實施步驟--------------------------------------71 附錄二 訪談問卷--------------------------------------------------------------74 附錄三 問卷訪談之完整內容-----------------------------------------------80 圖 目 錄 圖1-4-1  研究流程圖---------------------------------------------------------5 圖2-1-1  組織創新能力及創新組成理論---------------------------------8 圖2-2-1  創新架構------------------------------------------------------------19 圖2-2-2  實用創新矩陣------------------------------------------------------20 圖2-3-1  新產品的種類------------------------------------------------------21 圖2-4-1  部門階段模式------------------------------------------------------28 圖2-4-2  新產品發展過程---------------------------------------------------31 圖3-2-1  本研究之觀念性架構圖------------------------------------------46 圖6-1-1 修改後觀念性架構圖---------------------------------------------63 表 目 錄 表2-2-1 創新能力的組織影響因素--------------------------------------7 表2-2-2 創新之分類--------------------------------------------------------16 表2-3-1 各學者對新產品發展類型之分類-----------------------------24 表2-3-2 各學者對新產品開發績效衡量的構面與指標--------------41 表3-5-1 訪談問卷表--------------------------------------------------------48 表3-5-2 訪談問卷表--------------------------------------------------------48 表4-1-1 受訪者背景資料表-----------------------------------------------50 表4-2-1 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(一)、組織鼓勵/1.【支持創新文化】之統計-------------------------------------------------------51 表4-2-2 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(一)、組織鼓勵/2.【組織獎酬】之統計-------------------------------------------------------------52 表4-2-3 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(一)、組織鼓勵/3.【承擔風險的意願】之統計----------------------------------------------------52 表4-2-4 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(二)、主管支持/1.【支持的程度】之統計-------------------------------------------------------53 表4-2-5 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(三)、資源/1.【資源充足性】之統計----------------------------------------------------------------54 表4-2-6 訪談問卷壹、組織特性/(四)、時間壓力/1.【工作時間】之統計------------------------------------------------------------54 表4-2-7 訪談問卷貳、新產品發展過程/(一)、產品創意之統計 ---------------------------------------------------------------------55 表4-2-8 訪談問卷貳、新產品發展過程/(二)、產品概念之統計 ----------------------------------------------------------------------55 表4-2-9 訪談問卷貳、新產品發展過程/(三)、產品雛型之統計 ----------------------------------------------------------------------56 表4-2-10 訪談問卷貳、新產品發展過程/(四)、最終產品之統計 -----------------------------------------------------------------------57 表4-2-11 訪談問卷貳、新產品發展過程/(五)、行銷計畫之統計 -----------------------------------------------------------------------57 表4-2-12 訪談問卷參、新產品開發績效之統計----------------------58
4

海軍紀律指標建構之研究 / A Study on the Construction of R.O.C. Navy Discipline Indicator

孫常德 Unknown Date (has links)
研究主旨在於探討軍紀概念的理論基礎,完成海軍軍紀指標的理論性建構,以茲作為未來在實務層面建立專業紀律評核制度之依據。本研究主要有五個研究目的:(一)就「軍紀評核制度」的完備性而言,探討「軍紀」組成構面暨發展各構面之指標項目。(二)探討這些指標項目對於評量部隊之軍紀實況的代表性和有效性。(三)探討這些指標項目對於評量部隊違反紀律所造成之影響的代表性和有效性。(四)探討這些指標項目對於區辨出軍紀事件之「肇因性質」係屬「意外」或「非意外」的代表性和有效性。(五)依據研究結果,提出具體建議,以供海軍未來擬定軍紀政策及相關學術研究之參考。 本研究為達成上述之目的,先根據文獻探討結果,建立海軍紀律指標的理論基礎,並審視國軍現行相關法規,據以演繹出「軍紀」具有生活、工作、訓練和戰鬥等四個構面。繼之運用「修正型德爾菲法」實施兩回合問卷調查,藉由專家小組反覆性意見回饋,及其對指標項目之「重要性」意見的統計結果,以及專家小組成員在意見上的「一致性」與「穩定性」的統計分析,以驗證各項指標的代表性和有效性,完成「海軍紀律指標」的理論建構。本研究指標項目總數96項,扣除無效指標4項,有效指標計有92項,其中主要指標47項,次要指標45項。 根據研究結果之統計資料分析,有以下四項之主要研究發現: (一)本研究建構之紀律指標,其中滿分指標與無效指標,這兩種極端情形均佔總數的比率極低;另外,主要指標與次要指標佔總數的比率極高,且分配情形呈現出相當的對稱性。(二)可提供未來評核紀律的專業基準。(三)軍紀指標應兼顧「質性」與「量性」指標,方能建立合理公平的評核制度。(四)著手應然面的學術研究,可提供軍隊實然面的制度改革。 / In this essay the author looks from the theoretical inquiry about the military discipline to construct the R.O.C. Navy discipline indicators. The construction is to be the base that establishing academically the system of Navy discipline examination further. There are five purposes of this research. Firstly, the purpose is to explore that the military discipline contains which dimensions and each dimension of military discipline contains which indicators, serves to develop further the system of Navy discipline examination. Secondly, the purpose is to explore those indicators if estimate accurately actual condition of army discipline. Thirdly, the purpose is to explore those indicators if estimate appropriately effects on the army that caused by discipline disobey. Fourthly, the purpose is to explore those indicators if distinguish incident from non-incident about the essentiality of causes of discipline disobey. Fifthly, in accordance with major findings to provide suggestions for improving the military discipline policy and academic investigation. For achieving the five purposes aforementioned, after reviewing some relevant references, completes the theoretical construction of the military discipline indicator. Meanwhile, after reviewing the regulations and rules of R.O.C. military discipline, deduces that military discipline contains four dimensions of life discipline、work discipline、training discipline and combat discipline. In short, there are 96 R.O.C. Navy discipline indicators deduced by theoretical construction and existing regulations. Then, expert panel constituted that consists of 10 experts whose specialty are about military discipline. Applying Modified Delphi Technique processes two times questionnaire anonymously answered by expert panel. Verifying the propriety of the constructions is based on interaction and feedback of the expert’s opinion through the two times questionnaire anonymously. After the estimation of importance、consensus and stability of 96 Navy discipline indicators, finds out that 4 indicators are irrelevant, the others are relevant. Some of the relevant indicators, including 47 indicators are first grade indicators, 45 indicators are second grade indicators. According as statistical results indicated that:(1)Those two extreme kinds of full marks indicators and irrelevant indicators are few in the constructions. Also, the percentage of the first grade indicators and the second grade indicators are high in the construction that consists of 96 indicators. Both of the indicators distribute symmetrically. (2)The findings have served to establish academically the system of Navy discipline examination further. (3)Military indicator in constructing should consider after both sides of qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment that will enable the system of Navy discipline examination to practice reasonably and equitably. (4)Academic research will contribute to revolution in military affairs of discipline examination further.
5

影響有機零售通路商店的服務創新之研究 -有機產品認知、組織特性與知識取得的觀點 / An Empirical Study of the Influencing Factors on Service Innovations in Organic Retail Stores: Focusing on Organic Product Awareness, Organizing, and External Sourcing of Knowledge

吳源博, Wu, Yuan Bo Unknown Date (has links)
根據瑞士有機農業研究所的全球有機市場報告指出,2013年全球有機農業產值為630億美金,相較於2011年增長25%,由此可見有機產業蓬勃發展。過往國內有關有機產業的研究,大多偏向探討有機農業的發展、消費者行為調查、通路行銷策略,對於有機商店創新層面著墨很少。另一方面,以往服務創新相關研究有提到組織方式與知識管理對其產生的影響,但探討的產業仍限縮在一般服務業,未曾針對有機商店作探討。基於上述的缺口,本研究以「有機認知」、「組織特性」、「知識取得」等三大構面為主軸,選擇國內三家有機零售通路商店進行深入研究,探討三大構面對服務創新的影響。 本研究得到的結論如下: (1) 有機零售通路業者共同採取的服務創新是複合式經營餐飲、不定期的講座與活動、網路平台、App互動與購物。 (2) 有機零售通路業者發展服務創新,其有機產品認知包含健康產品的定義、與農友間公平貿易。前者是說明店內產品的選擇,後者是說明其公平採購行為,兩者對於有機零售商店都是新服務概念。 (3) 有機零售通路會同時透過正式化的組織方式與非正式化的提案制度來激發創新。當公司不具備組織創業家精神,新服務發展將難以達成。 (4) 有機零售通路業者發展服務創新時,在外部連結與知識取得上,會以開放式創新的概念積極向外獲取所需之技術知識與市場知識,尤其注重一線員工與顧客的互動與顧客意見。 最後,本研究提出實務建議與後續研究之建議。 / According to the statistics of Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), global output value was 15 billion dollars in 2013 and 25% growth from 2011, which shows that organic industry is a booming industry. Most of the past researches related to organic industry are focused on the “development of organic farming”, “consumer behavior”, “marketing strategy” and very few studies are conducted on the organic store innovation. On the other hand, most of the former studies of service innovation, knowledge management, and organizing focus on general service industry. The past studies of the cases are almost general service industry. Due to the research gap, this study establishes a research framework with four major constructs: organic product awareness, organizing, external sourcing of knowledge and service innovation. I select three organic retail stores and aim to find the relationship among them. Four major preliminary conclusions obtained from this study are as follows: (1) The observation of organic retail stores jointly take these actions, such as combinative restaurant, occasional lectures/activities, network platform and App interacting with shopping. (2) As far as organic retail stores for service innovation is concerned, firm’s organic product awareness consists of the definition of health products and fair trade between farmers. Both of them are the new service concepts. (3) As far as organic retail stores for service innovation is concerned, the firm may use both formal and informal organization. If firms do not acquire entrepreneurship orientation, new service development would not be accomplished. (4) As far as organic retail stores for service innovation is concerned, the firm will actively acquire both of technical knowledge and market knowledge. Especially stores pay attention to the views of frontline staff and customer feedback. Finally, this study draws some recommendations for both practitioners and follow-up researchers.

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