本論文主要探討愉悅的嗅覺刺激對產品評價與資訊處理的影響。透過兩個子研究分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激各自的影響，以推敲可能性模型做為貫穿全文的主要理論模型，並從多元角色觀點與享樂權宜觀點建構整合模型。產品嗅覺刺激指與產品本身直接有關的氣味，過去在此議題上的研究缺口有二，分別為未考量區辨氣味與產品搭配適合性所需具備之動機，以及不同產品類型之調節效果，例如，氣味對於家用清潔品及保養品的診斷性及攸關性皆較高，但對於筆記型電腦、手機、手錶或隨身碟等產品之診斷價值較低。情境嗅覺刺激指存在於情境中但與被評估之標的產品無關的氣味，過去缺乏探討情境嗅覺刺激影響資訊處理模式之相關研究，但此議題無論對學術或實務都相當重要，因為許多研究人員皆不斷地想探索那些因素會影響人們的資訊處理模式。而且，行銷人員總是希望能藉由產品資訊說服消費者，尤其當不知名品牌的新產品問世時，更仰賴消費者對產品資訊的仔細處理而被說服，進而產生較佳評價。因此，若能進一步瞭解情境嗅覺刺激對資訊處理的影響，對行銷人員在氣味氛圍的營造與操作上，將可提供可參考的方向。 本論文透過兩個子研究並採用實驗法，分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激的影響。研究一又可分為兩個主題，主題一採3 (產品嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合) * 2 (嗅覺刺激診斷性：高vs.低) *2 (涉入程度：高vs.低)之12組受測者間實驗設計。主題二為情境嗅覺刺激之前導研究，採3 (情境嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合)之3組受測者間實驗設計。研究二採2 (情境嗅覺刺激的提供：有vs.無) * 2 (廣告訴求：享樂vs.功利) *2 (產品論點品質：強vs.弱)之8組受測者間實驗設計。 關於產品嗅覺刺激有三點重要發現，分別為：(1) 對低資訊處理涉入者來說，無論嗅覺刺激是否具診斷性，氣味愉悅性都是主要的影響因素，此時，產品嗅覺刺激乃為情感性角色，因任務結果對低資訊處理涉入者並不攸關且不感興趣，在這種情況下，其易採取週邊說服路徑，視產品嗅覺刺激為週邊線索，只要氣味具愉悅性，雖適合性不高，仍可提升產品評價。(2) 對高資訊處理涉入者來說，嗅覺刺激具診斷性時，產品嗅覺刺激主要扮演認知性角色，因任務結果對高涉入者為攸關且感興趣，在此情況下，其易採取中央說服路徑，視該氣味為攸關判斷的產品論點，所以會仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，以決定搭配適合性，對於適合的嗅覺刺激評價會比不適合的佳，此時，嗅覺刺激適合性就類似於強弱產品論點的角色。(3) 當嗅覺刺激不具診斷性時，其認知性角色就會消失，此時，高資訊處理涉入者仍然採取中央說服路徑，但氣味已被視為與判斷無關的週邊線索，所以高涉入者並不會再仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，適合與否也就不會產生差異，甚至高涉入者還會啟動修正機制，排除氣味愉悅性的影響。 在情境嗅覺刺激部份亦有四點重要發現，分別為：(1) 當愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會有助於增加知覺者的正向心情，進而增加消費者對情境標的產品之資訊處理程度並促進其採取中央資訊處理路徑，對於強勢論點品質之產品評價會優於弱勢論點。(2) 愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激也會改變消費者對不同產品資訊類型的偏重，即在資訊處理或編碼階段會對享樂資訊特別關注，因此，在事後對於享樂資訊的提取比率較高，上述效果在享樂廣告訴求下更為明顯。(3) 有愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會讓消費者對享樂訴求廣告之產品評價優於功利訴求。(4) 本研究進一步建構情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價之多元關係，結果發現當產品類型較偏功利性時，則情境嗅覺刺激會先經由引發好心情再增加資訊處理程度，最後才影響產品評價，其中正向心情與資訊處理程度在模式中都是部份中介的角色，當產品類型較偏享樂性時，則情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價就完全經由心情機制。 / This study adopts a multiple-role view from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and hedonic contingency model to explore the influences of product scents and ambient scents. The product scents are scents that consumers smell directly from products. In the literature on product scents, there are no research studies considering the moderate role of product types and the motivation to recognize scents appropriately. Ambient scents are scents smelled that are unconnected to products. In the literature on ambient scents, there are no research studies considering how ambient scents can influence information processes. However, many scholars want to explore the factors that can influence information processes. Furthermore, a new product launch by an unknown brand can convince consumers depending on consumers’ careful processing of product information. Thus, this issue is very important to academic study and practice. This study adopts two experiments that realize the effects of product scents and ambient scents separately. Study One can be divided into two parts. Part A adopts a 3 (product scents: none, fit, unfit) * 2 (involvement: high vs. low) * 2 (diagnostic of scents: high vs. low) between-subjects design. Part B is a pilot study of ambient scents that adopts a between-subjects design with 3 factors (ambient scents: none, fit, unfit). The Study Two adopts a 2 (ambient scents: yes vs. no) * 2 (advertisement appeal: hedonic vs. utilitarian) * 2 (argument quality: strong vs. weak) between-subjects design. The results of Study One have three points: (1) for consumers with low involvement in tasks, whether scents are diagnostic for products or not, pleasant scents have significant effects. Because people who are involved in tasks at a low level and are not concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by peripheral routes and regard product scents as peripheral cues. Even though the scents do not fit with the products, they still can cause positive product evaluation depending on the nature of the pleasure. For people with low involvement in tasks, product scents mainly play an emotional role. (2) For people who are highly involved in tasks and really concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by central routes and regard product scents as arguments, especially when scents are diagnostic for products. For them, product scents not only play an emotional role but also a cognitive role. They will evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. A scent that fits with a product will cause a more positive product evaluation than a scent that does not fit a product. (3) For consumers who are highly involved in tasks, as scents are not diagnostic for products, the cognitive role will disappear. The scents are regarded irrelevant to product evaluation, so consumers do not evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. Whether a scent fits a product or does not is unimportant for them; furthermore, they will correct for and eliminate the effects of pleasant scents in product evaluation. The results of Study Two have four points: (1) when pleasant ambient scents can be provided by marketers, they can cause a positive mood among perceivers and enhance the level of information processing toward the focal product within the context. Furthermore, pleasant ambient scents can encourage consumers to adopt central routes to process information. People will evaluate products with strong argument quality more positively than products with weak argument quality. (2) Pleasant ambient scents also draw people’s attention toward different information types. People will attend more to hedonic product information, especially with hedonic advertisement appeal. (3) A pleasant ambient scent that matches a hedonic advertisement appeal can cause a more positive product evaluation than a pleasant ambient scent that matches a utilitarian advertisement appeal. (4) For a utilitarian product type, the effects of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation will cause a positive mood and enhance the level of information processing. Mood and cognition play a partial mediation role. For a hedonic product type, the effect of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation is fully mediated by a positive mood.

電子產業為我國長期重點發展之產業，而平衡計分卡可謂最具效力之績效管理工具。個案公司為一國內被動元件製造廠，導入平衡計分卡專案時程約三年，本研究以分析策略性衡量指標的方式，探討平衡計分卡制度導入後實際執行情況，深入瞭解如何設計合適的策略性衡量指標，並設計指標診斷機制，以提供公司所需的衡量指標回饋。 　　本研究將策略性衡量指標系統之建立區分為「策略性衡量指標設計系統」、「策略性衡量指標診斷系統」，及「策略性衡量指標回饋系統」三大部分。簡而言之，本研究說明企業如何利用平衡計分卡實際進行管理，以策略性衡量指標為重點，將企業的策略至實際營運活動一以貫之，經營者同時能藉此思考企業可精進之處，此研究結果俾作為個案公司及後續企業執行平衡計分卡時之參考。 / The electronic industry in Taiwan is the key within the industry development policy, and the balanced scorecard is one of the most powerful tools of performance management. The object of the research is a domestic manufacture of passive components, which implements the case of balanced scorecard for three years. The research explores the implementation of balanced scorecard by analyzing the strategic performance indicator, building the system of indicator diagnosis, and offers the feedback of indicator for the company need. The research divides the analysis of strategic performance indicator into “the design of strategic performance indicator”, “the diagnosis of strategic performance indicator”, and “the feedback of strategic performance indicator”. In short, the research explains how the company use balanced scorecard to manage. Use a strong logic to link from the company’s strategy to every operating activity. CEO also can think about where the company can improve. The result of research could be the reference for the case and other companies

每個人遇到曾經看過的物體時，辨識該物體速度會增加（或辨識的正確率增加），這個現象稱為促發(priming)效果（簡稱P-P促發），同樣地，閱讀某物體的名稱（亦即文字）後，隔幾分鐘後再看該物體的圖形，這樣也會產生一種促發量（簡稱W-P促發）。許多研究都指出W-P促發是一種內隱(implicit)記憶，亦即，個體不需要刻意想起曾經看過的物件，促發效果仍會產生，而且P-P促發量都高於W-P促發量。然而，一些研究卻發現W-P促發量等於P-P促發量，顯然地，內隱記憶理論無法對於這種反直覺現象提出合理的解釋。 根據Paivio的雙重收錄理論(dual coding theory)(Paivio, 1986, 1991)，辨識具體(concrete)名詞（例如，物體的名稱）會同時觸及(access)或激發兩種知識表徵，一種是涉及左腦的口語(verbal)表徵，另一種是涉及左腦與右腦的影像(image)表徵，而許多神經語言學研究皆指出，涉及處理具體名詞的神經機制不只包含左腦，同時也包含右腦，是以，閱讀具體名詞可能會觸及或激發物體的內在表徵，如果物體輪廓相當獨特或明顯，那麼閱讀此類型物體之名稱可能會觸及或激發此類物體的完整或重要表徵，致使W-P促發量等於P-P促發量現象。因此本研究試圖操弄物體輪廓診斷性來解釋W-P促發量等於P-P促發量之現象。 實驗一與實驗二分別以「圖形唸名」以及「圖形知覺辨識作業」來檢驗「物體輪廓診斷性」對促發的影響，結果顯示，「整體診斷性不高」物體（globally non-diagnostic object，簡稱GN類物體）的P-P促發量高於W-P促發量，和先前許多研究結果一致，然而，「整體診斷性高」物體（globally diagnostic object，簡稱GD類物體）的W-P促發量等於P-P促發量，顯示「物體輪廓診斷性」會影響促發的表現，同時也顯示閱讀GD類物體名稱可以觸及或激發GD類物體的整體或必要的知識表徵。 實驗三以分視野(divided visual field)呈現方式檢驗GD類物體的W-P促發之腦側化現象。本研究發現，顯著的W-P促發只出現在右腦，顯示W-P促發主要經由右腦來處理，根據Paivio的雙重收錄理論來推論，W-P促發之本質可能主要涉及以影像為基礎的(image-based)的知識表徵。 本研究同時操弄外顯記憶以檢驗外顯記憶是否污染W-P促發而導致W-P促發量等於P-P促發量，結果顯示，不管哪一種物體，P-P情境的再認記憶表現都顯著比W-P情境好，顯示GD類物體的促發表現與外顯記憶表現之間有單一分離(single dissociation)的關係，換言之，GD類物體之W-P促發並不受外顯記憶影響或污染。此外，實驗四顯示刻意的心像策略並不涉及W-P促發，顯示閱讀GD類物體名稱觸及GD類物體概念表徵是一種自動化而且相當快速的歷程。 / Implicit memory is usually assessed by showing repetition priming effects, when better performance in accuracy or response time for stimuli that have been previously encountered in comparison with performance with new stimuli. Picture-naming priming has been examined in studies that compared priming in participants who named pictures in the study phase and named those same pictures in the test phase (P-P condition) versus participants who read words that were the names of pictures in the study phase and named pictures cor-responding to those words in the test phase (W-P condition). Many studies demonstrated W-P priming is less than P-P priming in the picture-naming task and other similar object recognition tasks. However, in sharp contrast to the above studies, some studies reported equivalent magnitudes of P-P and W-P naming priming. Theories of implicit memory cannot account for the counter-intuitive phenomenon. According to Paivio’s dual-coding theory, the processing of abstract nouns (e.g., justice) relies on verbal code representations of the left cerebral hemisphere only, whereas concrete nouns (e.g., airplane) additionally access a second image-based processing system in the right cerebral hemisphere (Paivio, 1986, 1991). Paivio’s theory is supported by many researches on neurolinguistics. If the contour of an object is very distinctive or diagnostic, there should be the possible result that reading the name of the distinctive objects could access the whole or essential representation of the object. Following the idea, I manipulated global diagnosticity of object contour to examine whether P-P priming is always larger than W-P priming. I found P-P priming was equivalent to W-P priming on “globally diagnostic” (GD) objects, but the P-P priming was still larger than W-P priming on “glob-ally non-diagnostic” (GN) objects. This phenomenon appeared on both pic-ture-naming (Experiment 1) and picture perceptual-identification (Experiment 2) tasks. Experiment 3 showed that significant W-P priming appeared only when GD objects in the test phase were presented to the right cerebral hemi-sphere (in the left visual field). Based on the Paivio’s dual coding theory (Paivio, 1986, 1991) and research on neurolinguistics, the nature of W-P priming for GD objects was inferred to be image-based processing. Better explicit (conscious) memory performance (recognition memory) in P-P condition than that in W-P condition showed that equivalent priming across P-P and W-P conditions on GD objects was dissociated from the influence of conscious recognition memory. Experiment 4 showed that the intentional strategy of generating mental imagery was not necessarily involved in the W-P priming. These results suggested that reading names of globally diagnostic objects can access, automatically and unconsciously, the representation or essential features of globally diagnostic objects, and right cerebral hemisphere might be responsible for the processing.

為達成「精熟學習」的教與學過程中強調的個別化教學、學生學習的回饋、校正學生學習錯誤等高效能的教學理想。本研究自行發展一套數位化診斷系統，在不改變學校政策、班級作息、教室管理實施情況下，對準備參加科大入學測驗高工三年級的學生，在考前六週進行數學科總複習的「精熟學習配合數位化診斷」實驗教學。經由學生的作答反應，本診斷系統完成以下功能： (1)能快速的篩選出優良試題，並提供試題的難度、鑑別度、答對率與評鑑試題的品質。 (2)能診斷出個別學生與試題的差異性，並完成試題卷的信度、效度評鑑與S-P分析表。 (3)能提供完整的學習成就遷移記錄，並可歸類出學生學習潛能與整體學習表現。 (4)能彙整出學生學習成效與具體教學建議。 教師藉診斷系統所提供的資訊，對學生進行個別化校正或充實教學，期以達成精熟學習的教學理想。並在實驗教學後分析學生學習回饋單，大多數學生對實驗教學法持正面態度，且自認學習態度更積極，並建議若能提早實施精熟學習配合數位化診斷教學，應會有更好成績表現。 本研究並探討「實驗教學」的實驗A組學生，分別對「不同科別」的實驗B組學生與對「傳統教學」的控制C組學生的數學學習態度、學習成就、學習成就絕對均差的差異性，經單因子共變數分析，排除前測影響後，具體結論如下： (1)實驗A、B組與控制C組學生在數學學習態度後測得分並無明顯差異。 (2)實驗A組與控制C組在數學學習成就後測成績有明顯差異，且實驗A組分數明顯高於控制C組。 (3)不同科別實驗組的A組電機類與B組機械類學生，在數學學習成就後測成績有明顯差異，且電機類分數明顯高於機械類，但機械類排除未完成實驗的學生後，則不同科別的實驗A組、實驗B組，在數學學習成就後測成績無明顯差異。 (4)實驗A組與控制C組學生在數學學習成就後測成績的絕對均差有明顯差異，且實驗A組絕對均差小於控制C組。 最後為使實驗教學能更順利進行，建議教學前先營造愉快與舒適教學環境與良好的師生互動情誼再實施，這將會是實驗教學成功的關鍵 / Mastery Learning Strategy is a highly effective teaching method, emphasizing the importance of individualized tutoring, student feedback and learning error correction. In this study, a self-devised computerized diagnostic system was developed for the third-year vocational high school students who were preparing for the technological university entrance examination. An experimental teaching method using Mastery Learning Strategy with computerized diagnostic system was given to the aforementioned students as a math review lesson six weeks before the entrance examination, following the original school policy, class schedule or class management. From test responses, the diagnostic system achieved the following: (1)Quick selecting of good quality test items. It also evaluates the test items and provides the difficulty, discrimination, and correction rates of them. (2)Individualized diagnosis of each student vs. test items. It also completes the reliability, validity and S-P charts of the test. (3)Offering a comprehensive record of the learning process. It also analyzes the learning process of the students and sorts out their learning potential. (4)Analyzing students’ learning effects and coming up with teaching suggestions. In this experiment, the data gained from the diagnosis were used to provide each student with individualized instruction or error correction with the hope of attaining the goals of Mastery Learning. The analysis of the students’ feedback after the experimental teaching method showed that most students thought positively of the experiment, admitting that they developed a more aggressive learning attitude, and suggested that this computerized diagnostic system, had it been implemented earlier, would have helped them achieve even better grades. The students in this study consisted of three groups. Group A and B were both experimental groups except that group A were students from electrical engineering department while group B were students from mechanical engineering department. Group C was the control group receiving only conventional teaching method. Group A was compared with group B and group C respectively in terms of differences in math-learning attitude, math-learning achievement, and in the absolute mean deviation of learning achievement. By means of one-way analysis of covariance, with pre-test effects eliminated, the conclusions were as follows: (1)None of the groups exhibited significant grade differences on the math-learning attitude post-test. (2)Group A scored significantly higher on the math-learning achievement post-test than did Group C, the control group. (3)Group A of electrical engineering students scored significantly higher on the math-learning achievement post-test than did Group B of mechanical engineering students. However, if the grades of the Group B students who didn’t complete the experiment were unaccounted, no grade difference was noticeable on the math-learning achievement post-test between Group A and Group B. (4)Group A, the experimental group, had significantly lower absolute mean deviation on the math-learning achievement post-test than did Group C, the control group. Finally, it was suggested that creating a comfortable environment for teaching and learning as well as an advance establishment of a good teacher-student rapport are the key to a smooth-going and successful experimental teaching method.

中央健康保險局於2010年1月1日推動住院醫療費用採「診斷關聯群制度」的支付方式，其主要目的為控制醫療費用的不合理成長，期能拉近健保費用的收支差距，化解財務危機，並將健保財務風險轉嫁到醫療機構、或說是醫事人員來承擔。於2011年1月26日新修訂的二代健保，更擴大保費基礎，促使更多被保險人使用者付費。然而診斷關聯群制度之給付，實已包含當次住院所訂各項相關費用，故中央健保局在約佔整體健保業務支付20％的一五五項「診斷關聯群制度」內「禁止使用自費醫材」，令各醫療院所對已納入健保給付，且符合適應症者，皆不可向病患收取自費，如有尚未收載之自費項目，應先向總局申請核價，在未核價前仍不可收取自費。且健保局自2010年7月起加強審查案件，針對醫療院所向病患收取手術及特材自費之情形，將逕予不給付，並發函限期改善，未改善者，將依「全民健康保險法」、「全民健康保險醫事服務機構特約及管理辦法」辦理。 觀察世界主要先進國家的健康醫療保險制度，其「傳統醫療體制」，可約略簡化成一光譜，若其極左端為英國之「公醫制度」，則其極右端為美國之「市場化自由醫療」。相對地德國之「社會福利市場經濟醫療保險」可謂處於光譜偏左路線，日本之「國家主導的醫療保險」則屬於中間偏右。然而在近年因應情勢所迫，英國漸鬆綁公醫制度、美國努力邁向全民健保、日本強調社會共生、德國擴大自費承擔之後，各國逐漸朝向醫療體系光譜的中央移動，形成中庸路線，此可成為我國健保改革方向之借鏡。 上有政策，下有對策，醫療院所因應之道與實然之臨床面若非照舊視臨床所需，或配合健保停止使用自費醫材，或改成完全自費醫療，或變通減少使用自費醫材的比率、參雜使用自費醫材，或另設商店專櫃售醫材，讓醫療院所與自費醫材關係脫鉤。然而變通減少使用自費醫材的比率是違法行為，而參雜使用自費醫材畢竟是脫法行為。 在日益普及的私人商業醫療保險下，民眾提高商業健保附加險保費的同時無非於保險事故發生時，得到雙重保障，或多或少因此產生較高的新道德危險。醫療院所在健保局嚴苛支付制度改革下，轉型多元經營自費醫療產業，也對民眾產生新道德危險而推波助瀾地「增加」民眾利用商業醫療保險的使用率。「診斷關聯群制度」下使用自費醫材禁止則抑制被保險人追求高品質健康的理想，防堵了商業保險理賠金額提升，但對健保局降低保費的給付有限，對被保險人健康提升無助益，相反地卻可大大降低私人商業保險理賠負擔而減緩其責任。 其實健保特約的限制，不宜過度介入與變更醫療核心價值，否則會讓醫療品質退步，最終「以健保規章取代醫學教科書」。解決之道為健保局只能承擔符合健保規定之「適當醫療服務」費用，其他費用應回歸醫療契約債之本旨，讓契約兩造當事人自行處理。使用自費分擔方式可緩和健保局財務窘況，亦可分擔醫療給付的拮据。保險人應妥善健全提供符合最低人性尊嚴需求之醫療體系，至於有人無力負擔自負額，以致僅獲得較低或較危險的醫療服務，也是自由市場經濟運作下在所難免之殘酷事實。 依目前中央健保局函釋認為，納入「診斷關聯群制度」之病患，因健保局已包裹支付其醫療費用，若擅自「額外」要求病人自費，就是「實質收受全額健保給付費用、實際卻只應用部分健保支付品項」，故不得收取自費，否則有詐欺保險人之嫌。建議健保局可精算後，抽離並扣除此健保支付之主要醫材費用後，再另行公布所應支付的定額範圍，而非完全禁止自費。如斯作法只是「技術上的問題」，並非不可解決，也才不至於讓保險人、醫事服務機構、保險對象陷入僵局，可讓純粹為服務病患之醫事人員，從保險詐欺罪中解套。 醫療糾紛時最重要的是如何有效填補病患或其家屬的損害，這種民事賠償責任的確立，是處理醫療糾紛的主軸，在刑事上主要目的是在請求刑事訴訟中能附帶民事賠償。在醫事服務機構違反健保規定致保險對象損害時，保險對象只能向保險人監督機關提出「申訴」，要求糾正。然而在醫事服務機構遵照健保規定卻致保險對象損害時，如禁止納入「診斷關聯群制度」之病患使用自費醫材，若保險對象有其自費醫材之使用適應症、本身有意願使用、醫事人員也有能力提供服務，醫事人員卻礙於健保規章而使用「診斷關聯群制度」所提供之醫材，最終卻致保險對象損害之事實發生，則保險人可能具有國家賠償之責任。 基於對憲法基本人權的權衡，可知福利國家內不應全面「診斷關連群制度下自費醫材使用禁止」，而「診斷關連群制度下自費醫材使用禁止」亦是對人性尊嚴之挑戰與侵犯、平等權之背離、生存權之限制、自費醫材廠商之工作權侵害、醫學研究之學術自由迫害，如此完全無法通過比例原則的檢視考驗。 社會福利制度的建構，需要各領域的專才共同致力解決，提出更深入的檢討與批判，以促成健保制度更趨完美、人民健康更受保障。所推動之「診斷關聯群制度」應權衡諸方權益，例如健保給付醫療機構的水準高低，對病人及醫療人員醫療選擇自由限縮的程度，與廠商營業結構的影響等，事先就應該全盤考量，統合相關的法規與憲法規範意旨，並檢驗所有可能之相關基本權的限制是否踰越界限，擬定合憲政策方針後，方能依循施行之。由此可知健保局對於納入「診斷關聯群制度」下的病患禁止使用自費醫材所做的規制，仍然必須合乎憲法保障人民自由權與平等權的規範要求，不得逾越憲法第二十三條及其所蘊含之比例原則的規範要求。「禁止使用自費醫材」將會對病人醫療尊嚴、自決權與平等權，醫事人員學術自由，及自費廠商之工作權構成限制。衛生機關應就全民健保管理監督而通盤檢討改善，始符憲法建立公平、有效社會安全體制之意旨，創造出被保險人、保險醫事服務機構及保險人均能獲得三贏的局面。