University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

高品質的幼兒園課程除了考量課程設計品質，例如，課程目標、學習內容、教學方法及評量標準外，也應考量課程的實施或歷程品質。 本研究採取課程歷程品質觀點，以教室教學品質與幼兒學習投入，探討我國幼兒園課程實施品質。研究樣本為臺北市26所公立幼兒園的37班、295位大班幼兒。研究者採用教室教學品質評量表（CLASS）與幼兒學習投入度評量表（LIS-YC）入班觀察，並運用SPSS21.0進行統計分析。 主要研究結果為： （一）教室教學品質之情緒支持與班級經營為高品質，教學支持為中低品質，此 結果與近期國內外之相關研究發現類似。 （二）幼兒學習投入為高品質，幼兒在參與學習活動時僅偶爾分心，此結果高於 近期國外之相關研究發現。 （三）教室教學品質之情緒支持和班級經營，都與幼兒學習投入呈現低度正相 關。 （四）活動型態影響教室教學品質與幼兒學習投入的關係，包括： （1）自由活動時，幼兒的學習投入高於點心活動與教學活動時， （2）自由活動時，教師的情緒支持高於教學活動時； （3）點心活動時，教師的班級經營高於自由活動時； （4）教學活動時，教師的班級經營和教學支持，都高於自由活動與點心活 動時。 （五）自由活動型態影響教室教學品質與幼兒學習投入，包括： （1）自由體能活動時，幼兒的學習投入高於自由角落時； （2）自由體能活動時，教師的班級經營高於自由角落時； （3）自由角落活動時，教師的教學支持高於自由體能活動時。 本研究根據研究結論提出實務與後續研究建議，希望能作為幼兒園課程品質之相關研究參考。 / Early childhood curriculum quality consists of design quality, such as curriculum goals, context, teaching and assessment, and implementation or process quality. This study purports to explore the curriculum process quality in Taipei public kindergartens through classroom quality and children involvement. The research sample includes 37 classrooms and 295 children at 26 public kindergartens in Taipei. The observation tools are Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) and Leuven Involvement Scale for Young Children (LIS-YC). The conclusions are: A.Teacher’s emotional support and classroom organization are high, while instructional support is medium-low. The findings are similar to relevant researches. B.Children involvement is high, and higher than foreign researches. C.Both teacher’s emotional support and classroom organization are slightly associated to children involvement. D.Curricular activity type effects classroom quality and children involvement. (1) Children involvement is higher in free play than in snack and instructional activities. (2) Teacher’s emotional support is higher in free play time than in instructional activities. (3) Teacher’s classroom organization is higher in snack time than in free play time. (4) Teacher’s instructional support is higher in instructional activities than in snack and free play time. E.Free activity type effects classroom quality and children involvement. (1) Children involvement is higher in free physical activity than in free learning areas. (2) Teacher’s classroom organization is higher in free physical activity than in free learning areas. (3) Teacher’s instructional support is higher in free learning areas than in free physical activity.

本研究目的為建構中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標，提供校長專業發展支持機構、教育行政機關作為校長在職增能與專業發展相關課程與政策制定之參考。研究方法部分，經由文獻探討分析初擬中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標，邀請13位相關領域專家學者以及資深經歷之中小學校長針對指標進行適切性評估與指標修訂，而後以概念構圖法進行指標分群與重要性評定，得出上位概念之指標構面及權重，建構中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標系統，依據研究結果與分析歸納結論與建議如下。 結論： （一）本研究建構之中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標系統共計五構面22項指標，構面分別為：「一、課程教學與學生學習」構面含5項指標、「二、領導知能與溝通決策」構面含4項指標、「三、資源運用與空間規劃」構面含5項指標、「四、行政實務與知識管理」構面含4項指標、「五、學校行銷與品牌形塑」構面含4項指標。 （二）「領導知能與溝通決策」構面為最重要之中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標構面。 （三）學生適性學習及危機管理為最重要之中小學校長在職專業增能課程指標。 （四）中小學校長在職專業課程指標於不同對象之重要性有其差異，學者專家認為「學生適性發展」及「危機管理與實務」兩項最為重要；資深經歷中小學校長則認為「學生適性發展」、「學校領導知能與實務」及「辦學理念與校務發展規劃」最為重要。 建議： （一） 中小學校長在職增能宜建立有系統化之課程指標作為參照。 （二） 中小學校長在職專業增能課程首重於領導知能與溝通決策。 （三） 中小學校長在職專業增能課程宜著重於學生適性發展。 （四） 中小學校長在職專業增能課程建構應參酌不同利害關係人意見。 / The purpose of this study is to construct the indicators of inservice professional development course for elementary and secondary school principals, which provide principals professional development support agencies and educational administration departments as a reference for planning principals inservice professional development course and policy related to professional growth and professional development. As for research method, by means of literature review, 22 indicators of inservice professional development course for school principals had been organized based on an expert survey, which survey 13 experts. Concept mapping questionnaire used to analyze experts' opinion on the importance of each indicator and to help indicator selection. At last stage, find the weight of each indicator within each dimension and construct the system of indicators of inservice professional development course for school principals. The main conclusions as below: 1.　This study constructs an indicator system of inservice professional development course for school principals of 5 dimensions and 22 indicators in total. The 5 dimensions are: I. curriculum, teaching and student learning, which include 5 indicators. II. leadership knowledge, communication and decision making, which include 4 indicators. III. resource utilization and campus space planning, which include 5 indicators. IV. administrative practice and knowledge management, which include 5 indicators. V. school marketing and brand shaping, which include 5 indicators. 2.　Leadership knowledge, communication and decision-making is the most important dimension of inservice professional development course for school principals. 3.　Adaptive learning and crisis management are the most received expert attention. 4.　The importance of different objects have their differences of inservice professional development course for school principals. Scholar think Adaptive learning and crisis management are the most important indicators. on the other hand, school principal think Adaptive learning, school leadership knowledge and practice, and school philosophy and development planning are the most important indicators. According to the result, here are some recommendations as below: 1.　It is advisable to establish systematic curriculum indicators as a reference for inservice professional development course for school principals. 2.　Inservice professional development course for school principals most emphasis on leadership knowledge and communication and decision-making. 3.　Inservice professional development course for school principals most emphasis on Adaptive learning. 4.　Inservice professional development course for school principals should take into account the views of different stakeholders.

2000年代に日本の科学・技術の論文数の増加が止まった。物理学では大学も企業も論文数を減らし、博士課程学生数が減少した。これは論文数の減少が知的活動の総体としての「知識」に関わる社会構造的な問題であることを示唆する。物理論文が減少した原因と社会的背景を明らかにするために、博士進学率について重回帰分析を行ない、「知識と人」社会循環モデルを提唱して社会における知の進化とサイエンス型産業の持続的発展について考察した。 / The number of articles on science and technology in Japan stopped increasing in the 2000s. In physics, universities and companies reduced the number of articles, and the number of doctoral students decreased. This suggests that the decrease in the number of articles is a social structural issue related to "knowledge" as a whole of intellectual activity. In order to clarify the cause of decrease in academic papers in physic, multiple regression analysis on entering rate of doctoral courses was performed and its social background was discussed. A "knowledge and person" social circulation model was advocated, and relation between evolution of knowledge in society and the sustainable development of the science-based industry was considered. / 博士(技術・革新的経営) / Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

在臺灣的技職教育體系中，職業學校群科課程綱要是教材編撰及課程設計的參考基準；而四技二專統一入學測驗是高職學生升學的重要依據。其中，統測共同科目英文考科中的對話題，採用了間接測驗來評量學生的口語能力。本研究旨在討論統測英文科對話題與高職英文課綱之吻合程度，及統測對話題的內容效度。為了達成此研究目的，本研究分析統測英文考科對話題型以及高職英文課程綱要，同時參考與測驗口說能力之相關教學研究及論文，發展出課綱檢核表及口說能力檢核表做為研究工具。 研究結果顯示，統測對話題與高職課綱中口說能力相關指標大致符合，但主題分佈不甚平均，主要強調日常生活情境下的溝通能力。就內容效度而言，其檢驗之能力多為基礎口語技巧，並且偏重測驗考生如何傳遞訊息及維持互動，並沒有包含處理互動的技巧。根據本研究之發現，筆者針對未來研究方向及測驗實務提出了建議。 / In the vocational education system in Taiwan, the Vocational High School Curriculum Guideline (VHSCG) is the basis of teaching materials and curriculum design, and the Technological and Vocational Educational Examination (TVEE) is an important reference for students to enter college. In the English test of the TVEE, an indirect speaking test was applied in the dialogue section. This research aims to investigate: (1) the correspondence between goals of speaking ability in the VHSCG and the dialogue section of the TVEE; and (2) the construct validity of the dialogue section. To achieve the purpose, this research analyzed the current curriculum guideline and the English tests of the TVEE, and studied the previous literature about assessing speaking ability to develop two checklists as instruments to analyze the targeted test items. Results indicated that the dialogue section of the TVEE generally corresponded with the speaking ability index in the VHSCG, but the topic distribution was imbalanced. The test items primarily focused on the communicative ability in daily-life contexts and was lacked of items that examine descriptive ability. For the construct validity, the dialogue section of the TVEE mostly examined fundamental speaking skills. Informational and interactional skills were strongly emphasized, while the skills in managing interaction were completely absent. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher yielded suggestions for future research and implications for the test developers.