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財富分配之理論研析與實際-以台灣國富調查為例蔡文松 Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是探討目前財富分配的理論模型與美國真實資料的配適程度。
以基本的生命循環模型為主軸,探討加入跨代移轉或耐久財變數後,
模型的解釋能力是否提升。同時也對台灣目前的財富分配做一簡介,
並提出實證上可行之模型。在實證模型上,本文建議以Yang (2005)的模型,並加以稍微的修正,應是研究台灣財富分配的可行模型之一。
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財富分配不均與財富組成—以遺產稅申報資料為例 / Wealth inequality and wealth composition—evidence from estate tax returns伍大開 Unknown Date (has links)
本文藉由 2001 年至 2015 年遺產稅申報資料,並利用死亡率倒數法將死亡者的遺產,還原推算在世者財富分配情形,分析臺灣財富分配不均及財富組成情形,發現財富分配不均程度近年來逐漸增加,與金融資產集中於富人相關;除此之外,財富集中得分配不均情形,不僅發生在貧富之間,單就富人族群,也可觀察到財富集中化的現象。另一方面,財富組成部分則觀察到,相較於不動產與其他非金融資產,國人逐漸偏好金融資產,其可能原因在於,遺產稅有效稅率下降,減少持有不動產以規避租稅的誘因。雖然金融資產占財富總額比例增加,但土地仍為國人主要持有財產。
本文另外以迴歸模型探討遺產稅有效稅率與財富組成的關係,其結果顯示,遺產稅有效稅率對於土地占財富總額比例為顯著正相關,對於存款與投資占財富總額比例則為顯著負相關,代表個體面對較高的租稅負擔,傾向利用稅制之下土地評價低估的方式獲取租稅利益。稅制扭曲個人對於資產種類的選擇,也影響個體資產配置的決策。 / Based on estate tax returns from 2001 to 2015 and using the estate multiplier method to blow up the sample of decedents to represent the number of livings, this pa-per analyzes wealth inequality and wealth composition in Taiwan. The results suggest that the degree of wealth inequality has gradually increased in recent years, in accord-ance with the observation that financial assets became more concentrated in the rich. In addition, the concentration of wealth and the resulting inequality is not only between the rich and the poor, it also happens within the group of the rich. On the other hand, in wealth composition, the results suggest the tendency of holding more financial assets as opposed to real estates and other non-financial assets. One of the possible explanations is that the decreasing effective tax rate of the estate tax reduces incentives to hold real estates for tax benefits. Despite the increasing in the proportion of financial assets, land is still the major choice of property holdings as measured by the ratio of wealth.
The second part of the study uses regression analyses to explore the relationship between the effective tax rate (of the estate tax) and the composition of wealth. Results show that the estate tax effective rate is positively correlated with the ratio of land to total wealth, and negatively correlated with the ratio of deposit and investment. These results represent that when facing a higher tax burden, individuals tend to take ad-vantage of the undervaluing of land in the current tax system to obtain tax benefits. This adds to existing evidence that tax distorts individuals’ choice of asset types, and affects individuals’ decisions on asset allocation.
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我國預算功能之探討黃漢中, HUANG, HAN-ZHONG Unknown Date (has links)
各章大意如下:
第一章:緒論:旨在敘述研究本文之動機、目的;研究方法與資料來源;研究範圍及
全文結構。
第二章:財政思潮與預算規模:旨在說明古典、凱因斯及供給面各學派對預算規模之
影響及各國解決龐大預算赤字之道。
第三章:我國歲入之結構及歲出各功能之分配情形。
第四章:探討我國現行預算之編製與審議及其應興應革之道。
第五章:探討我國預算收支不足時調整之方。
第六章:探討我國預算對景氣之調節及社會財富之分配所擔負之角色。
第七章:結論及建議。
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從各國之稅制論我國遺產及贈與稅有待改進之處陳錦芬, Chen, Jin-Fen Unknown Date (has links)
遺產稅和贈與稅富有平均財富分配的社會意義,而我國歷年來徵收情形不佳對平均社
會財富少有貢獻,因此本文就遣產和贈與稅理論方面著手,研析其經濟效果,進而比
較中、美、英、澳、紐、義、荷、盧、比、瑞典、芬、丹、挪、奧、瑞士、愛、西、
葡、法、德、韓、日、新、菲、馬、香、肯、巴、印、迦、孟、坦、斯、波、札那、
賴索托、馬拉威等三十六個國家的稅制和稅收情況,藉以檢討我國目前稅制的合理性
並提出改革方向的建議。
第一章緒論,說明研究目的和方法。第二章分析遺產和贈與稅對改善財富分配不均、
資本蓄積、投資等方面的效果。第三章是遣產和贈與稅制的國際比較。第四章說明我
國徵收實況,並加以檢討。第五章則是結論與建議。
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