近年由於消費能力提升，加上民眾的消費型態轉變為「用後即丟」，因此造成垃圾數量的急速增加，而且前臺灣地區已有七成的垃圾掩埋場呈現飽和狀態，且尋找新的垃圾掩埋場地點十分困難，因此更突顯出垃圾問題的嚴重性。資源回收不僅可減少垃圾量及污染，並可延長垃圾掩埋場及焚化爐的壽命，因此可用於解垃圾問題。目前國內三大回收系統中，以拾荒體系分佈的範圍最廣，而其中向拾荒者收購廢棄物的廠商，稱為中小盤舊貨商或廢棄物商，而業者堆放及整理廢棄物的場地稱之為資源回收站。 　　在愈來愈重視資源回收及現有資源回收站多位於住宅區內，因此本研究選擇大安區及中山區住宅區內的資源回收站，藉由現況調查及問卷調查方式，以探求資源回收站對居住環境的影響，居民對資源回收站的接受意願及接受位置，環境認知對居民接受意願是否有影響，最後希望得出資源回收站與住宅區是否相容。 　　本研究結論與建議如下： 　　一、結論 　　　　1.由環境認知與接受意願相關檢定中，發現接受資源回收站之意願受到居住時間、住家整棟建物使用情況、資源回收站設置的必要性、與日常生活的密切性、設置地點、知道資源回收站與否等的影響，因此可看出居民態度的重要性。 　　　　2.經問卷調查發現，以「造成環境髒亂」、「破壞環境景觀」二項，影響程度為嚴重，而其他八項的影響程度為普通，僅「振動」一項影響不太，故得知資源回收站對居住環境影響是普通程度。 　　　　3.對資源回收站接受意願而言，「廢紙」資源回收站的比例為七成六，「廢鋁」資源回收站是六成七，「廢鐵」資源回收站是六成五，故過半數的受訪者願意接受資源回收站。 　　　　4.就資源回收站接受位置而言，對「廢紙、鐵鐵、廢鋁」三種資源回收站最願意接受的位置為「在同一街廓的建物」或「相隔一條街的建物」的位置。 　　　　5.由分析中得知現有資源回收站最為人詬病的影響，即是環境景觀的破壞，環境髒亂，這此皆屬於較易改進的項目，再者因資源回收站未對廢棄物進行化學方面的處理，所以不會有毒性污染的產生，所以，資源回收站與住宅區不會有完全不相容的情形出現。 　　二、建議 　　　　1.建議在土地使用管制法令修法時，能將資源回收站列入「附條件允許使用」的項目內，容許資源回收站設置住宅區內。 　　　　2.建議有關單位對於資源回收站，不僅在設置前予以管制外，設置後亦需的不定期檢查。 　　　　3.建議主管單位應先建立衡量資源回收站外部性的標準，此標準應包含實質性及非實質性的影響的評估。 　　　　4.政府在積極倡導資源回收的同時，建議宜利用現有的回收管道，尤其是拾荒系統。 　　由於本研究是以住宅區內二十坪至五十坪的資源回收站，因此建議後研究可根據其不同規模、不同分區內的資源回收站作其他的探討，而文中所提「資源回收站與住宅區相容使用之原則」則僅供參考，需後績研究再做進一步的評估與計論。 / Because of the increasing consuming abillty and the disposable consuming pattern, the volume of trash increases rapidly in Taiwan. Nowadays over 70% of landfills in Taiwan are over-loaded and new sites are difficult to find, which results in a serious waste disposal problem. Recycling can reduce the volume of trash, control the pollution, and extend the life-cycle of landfills and incinerators as well. Among Taiwan's three recycling systems, the garbage collecting system is the most widely practiced system in urban areas. Those collectors or waste vendors. The places storing and packaging recyclable items are called recycling centers. 　　Recyling is becoming more and more important in residential areas, and recycling station is widely set up in urban areas as well, Therefore, this research focuses on recycling centers in residential areas in Da-An and ChungShan Districts, Taipei. Using field surveys and questionnaire data, the author tries to explore the impact of recycling centers on residential environments. The author also tries to examine resident's willingness to accept the recycling station and the location of the recycling station as well. Furthermore, the author studies whether environmental attitudes have impacts on the willingness to accept the recycling station. In the last part of this research, the author examines whether there exists compatibility between recycling station and residential environments. 　　There are five major findings in this thesis: 　　(1)From the correlation analysis, the author finds that the willingness to accept depends on the duration of residence, the condition of building, land use patterns, necessity of placing recycling stations, relationships to everyday life, location of recycling stations and the information about recycling centers. 　　(2)"Environmental chaos' and "landscape exploitation" are the two most serious impacts to the residential environments. 　　(3)In terms of the willingness to accept, about 76% of the residents wil accept paper recycling stations, and 67% will accept aluminum recycling stations, and 65% will accept iron recycling stations, That is to say, over 60% of respondents will accept recycling centers in residential areas. 　　(4)Regarding the location of recycling centers, the most acceptable locations for recyclable paper, iron, and aluminum are "building in the same block" and "one street away". 　　(5)The worst impacts of recycling centers are landscape exploitation and environmental chaos, These are negative externalities which are easy to improve, therefore, there will be on incompatibility between recycling centers and residential land use. 　　The suggestions are as follows: 　　(1)The recycling stations can be set up in the residential areas under the "conditional permit" land use regulations. 　　(2)In addition to the regulations before the set-up of the recycling stations, there should be regulations "after" the set-up of the recycling stations. 　　(3)The government should first lay out the performance standards for the recyling stations. These standards should include the evaluation of physical impacts to the environment . 　　(4)The government should make good use of the existing recycling systems, especially the garbage collectors. 　　This research only focuses on recycling stations from 20 to 50 pins (Taiwanese measurement unit), Future research should study recycling stations of different sizes and locations, The Principles of Compatibility Between Resources Recycling Centers and Residential Areas proposed in this thesis are preliminary principles. Future researchers should reevaluate and refine these principles.

資源有效利用為經濟發展的先決條件，資源之合理利用則為達成經濟發展與環境保護 相互間平衡的重要準則。嚴重威脅生活品質的垃圾問題，卻是資源不能有效、合理利 用所知。目前垃圾之處理只是消極地提高清運數量與處理技術，忽略利用垃圾回收資 源，達成垃圾減量、資源保存與環境保護的功能。資源回收是從廢棄物中獲取再生資 源的過程，如飲料容器之再利用、廢紙循環再生，製成新紙張，利用廢棄物發展垃圾 衍生燃料等；均為資源回收的範疇。現今有關資源回收的探討，僅侷限於技術層面， 缺乏經濟上的分析。本文的目的即以經濟觀點，研究資源回收的經濟基礎，及討論政 府如何利用租稅，補貼促進資源回收，以消弭垃圾產生的外部性。 本文內容除介紹資源回收的定義，補貼促進資源回收的因素外，並探討政府干預回收 的原因與其促進回收的政策。文中援用經濟模型，指出回收活動對資源配置，經濟福 利之影響，並以塑膠回收為例，試圖以經濟手段，找出一有效解決塑膠污染的管道。 最後則檢討台灣現行廢棄物回收狀況。 透過資源回收，環境品質可獲改善，扭轉〞生產－消費－傾倒〞的劣勢，而成一〞生 生產－消費－再利用〞的社會型態，對資源保存、環境保護助益良多，經本文討論結 果發現，資源回收是今後處理垃圾問題的主要途徑，政府應直接參與回收活動，或以 租稅、補貼、管制、建立回收市場的方式，提升回收的範圍與技術，俾使資源趨於有 效、合理運用。

科技的進步與經濟的發展，雖為人類創造了舒適便利的生活，但也製造了大量的廢棄物，根據環保署的估計，台灣地區每人每日垃圾製造量每年正以5%的驁人速度成長，而垃圾組成中，除了含有大量不易腐化物質外，亦含有相當高比例的可回收資源，為解決垃圾處理問題及避免資源的浪費，環保署在民國七十八年正式推展資源回收工作，陸續公告了各種回收辨法。推行至今，由於法令不夠周延、回收管道不健全，民眾配合意願不高、設備技術落後等因素，許多資源廢棄物或含有害物質之一般廢棄物仍未得到妥善的處理，為改善環境品質，將有用資源做最有效的利用，應針對當前資源回收工作所面臨的問題，作一通盤檢討，方能提出促進垃圾減量與資源回收的有效策略。限於時間及能力，本文之探討內容僅以環保署所訂出之17項應序回收之一般廢棄物為主。分析其從製造、消費、丟至棄回收各階段所可能發生的問題，而後提出一些高回收成效的經濟與非經濟策略。

身為大量消費的現代人，不得不關切垃圾何去何從。以往垃圾問題源自於焚化或掩埋兩法皆會損耗大量的環境成本及引起利益團體抗爭，造成社會無謂的損失，受世界環保潮流影響，我國政府決定從降低垃圾量著手。 垃圾減量從垃圾分類做起，方便後續的資源回收。我國自民國94年1月1日起，強制台灣10個縣市的民眾進行垃圾分類，成為我國少數未全國同步施行的中央政策。本研究引進多用於公共衛生、醫療等自然實驗的計量方法—差異中的差異(Difference-in-Difference，簡稱DID)來探討屬於社會科學領域的政府政策，檢驗該政策是否達到其制訂之目標。 本研究將台灣第一階段便實施強制政策的10個縣市當作實驗組，4個第二階段才全面實施的縣市作為控制組，在控制了各縣市的平均每月家戶所得、高等教育程度、清運人員、垃圾車數量等變數後，分別去分析政策對每人每日垃圾清運量、每人每日資源回收量、每人每日資源回收量相對於垃圾清運量比例三者的影響，觀察政策對於降低垃圾清運量、提高資源回收量的政策目的是否有效。 結果發現，我國隨時間經過，垃圾清運量降低、資源回收量提高，但由於主要探討的政策係數並不顯著，所以我國垃圾清運、資源回收情形的改善，是否起因於強制垃圾分類政策造成，沒有明確證據。 / Modern-day life consumes far greater resources than ever and, thus must be concerned about the “problems of trash.” Traditionally, government officials have adopted landfill and incineration policies to dispose of this municipal waste. Yet these two measures come with large social and environmental costs. In keeping with international trends toward environmental protection, the Environmental Protection Administration of the Republic of China has decided to solve the problems by fundamentally reducing the volume of municipal waste. In order to decrease the volume of waste and increase the recycled, the first phase of the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy” was implemented in 10 localities on Jan. 1, 2005, with additional counties brought on board in later phases. This policy is one of the few policies that are not implemented island-wide in Taiwan. This study adopts the “Difference-in-Difference” approach—a popular research method in the field of public health, medical caring and natural sciences—to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. The 10 counties where the first phase of the policy was successful is the “treatment group.” Another 4 counties where the second phase of policy was successful is the “control group.” This study takes into account monthly per family income, average level of higher education, number of street-sweepers and trash-haulers, and the trash trucks as the exogenous variables. This study calculates the changes in per capita daily volume of municipal waste and per capital daily volume of recycled materials to determine the success of the policy. This study concludes that the volume of the municipal waste and increases the recycled materials decreases by time; however the actual effect is still vague because the coefficient of policy in this study remains insignificant. Therefore, it is only certain that the campaign for “trash-sorting” works better with time. No evident linkage exists between recycling and the “Compulsory Trash-Sorting Policy.”

90年代歐美國家，對於人口增加、土地面積驟減、過量電子產品等所帶來的環境問題日益重視。歐洲最早發起「延伸生產者責任制」，透過制訂法律與政策提升資源再生利用的效率。並且陸續頒佈WEEE廢電機電子指令、RoHS有害物質限用指令、REACH化學品限制、ELV廢車輛指令等，透過污染控制、回收利用、減廢、污染預防、清潔生產等步驟，朝零污染方向進行，顯示資源再生的重要性。 資源再生產業在台灣為新興產業，規模以中小企業形式居多，雖然經營回收事業容易，但要經營技術層次較高的再生事業則需獲得政府許可證使得成為再生機構。近年來資源再生廠商利用廢棄物資源再生的技術，提煉出黃金、白銀、鉑等貴金屬，隨著全球原物料價格高漲，其所生產的二次原材料行情提升整體產值，預估到2010年總產值為580億台幣。 智慧資本目前普遍被認為是企業能形成競爭優勢的無形資產總和，即企業能用來作為開創財富的知識、資訊、智慧財產、經驗等。找出適合企業的智慧資本項目，讓企業投入在重要項目而獲取價值成為企業的重要課題。本文主要研究資源再生產業智慧資本經營方式，探討一般經營策略與智慧財產管理，對智慧資本運用與累積的影響。總結文獻探討與個案訪談分析的結果，根據研究問題，主要研究發現如下： 一、 資源再生產業為一特許經營行業，其經營需獲得政府所頒發之許可同意，同時易受上游產業廢棄物種類以及全球環保再生法規的影響。 二、 智慧財產需要透過企業策略與功能性活動執行才能提升成為智慧資本。 三、 策略目標不同將會影響智慧資本各構面投入的重要性判斷。 四、 智慧資本經營必須搭配策略與智慧財產管理制度才能達到創造、保護、管理、運用之功效。 五、 資源再生產業的智慧資本經營必須考量各國差異產生在地化的經營型態。 / Since the 1990s, the United States and the European Union (‘’EU’’) have become aware of the crucial environmental problems stemming from overpopulation, reducing residential areas, and growing quantities of end-of-life electronics. To protect the environment and diminish the impacts of household consumption and production, the EU took initiatives to devise environment policies and came up with the idea of Extended Producer Responsibility(‘’EPR’’), a strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with products throughout their life cycles into the market price of the products. This concept is inspiring in the waste management, and urging industries to think over recycling process and use recyclable materials to produce products. Moreover, there are four important directives and policies in effect in the Europe, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (‘’WEEE’’), Restriction of Hazardous Substance Directive (‘’RoHS’’), End-of Life Vehicles Directive (‘’ELV’’), Registration, and Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (‘’REACH’’). Those legislations and standards are intended to encourage companies to voluntarily adopt environmental management systems or procedures to minimize waste and emissions and to meet the goal of zero pollution. Recycling industry in Taiwan is an emerging industry and many of them are small and medium enterprises. To operate recycling business, companies have to acquire the certificate of waste management from the Environmental Protection Administration Executive Yuan. Recently, some recycling companies make it technologically possible for kinds of wastes or unwanted products to be recycled. They have developed technologies to recover from waste to precious metals like palladium, platinum, gold, or silver. Those precious metals are valuable secondary raw materials and will contribute good revenues to recycling market. Therefore, the value of recycling market in Taiwan is estimated to rise to NT$5.8 billion by 2010. Intellectual capital is widely considered as a firm’s intangible assets and is often a major determinant of the companies’ profits. It plays a crucial role in business management and needs to be analyzed in a systematic way to find out the appropriate components. This research focuses on how the companies in recycling industry manage their intellectual capitals, and how the generic strategies and the intellectual property management influence the way of creating and accumulating the intellectual capitals. The important findings of this research are as follows (extraction): 1. Recycling industry is a kind of franchising business and needs to acquire the government’s agreement to operate. The development of this industry is highly influenced by the kinds of wastes of the upstream industries and the global environment legislation. 2. Intellectual assets will be converted into valuable intellectual capital by the implementation of business strategy and functional activities. 3. Different goals of strategy bring about different priorities for the resources input of intellectual capitals. 4. To achieve the goal of value creation, protection, management, and execution, the intellectual capital management needs to combine with strategy management and the intellectual property management. 5. The intellectual capital management in recycling industry must include the consideration of different local business environments of different countries.