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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台灣電價費率之研究

林煜宗 Unknown Date (has links)
去年三、四月間,電費醞釀加價,一時報章雜誌,競相登載,專訪特載,連續出現,用以分析其原因,探究其可能。斯時也,電燈用戶以事涉負擔之加重,固多反對,工業用戶且懼產品成本之提高,疑慮尤甚。猶憶五十五年七月,台電以經營結果,利潤超額,乃自動減價二.四八%,盞盞之數,雖於事無補,然究創光復以來國營事業自動減價之先河。各方輿論,交相讚譽。乃不旋踵間,復又要求調整費率,提高電價,花招百出,令人眼花瞭亂。是故,電費率如何制訂,台灣電價須否調整,均值研究,此為本文撰寫之動機。 本文共分七章,第一章緒論,簡述台灣電業歷史,電業性質及電價費率之重要。第二章電價費率之內容,說明電價費率之意義,組成要素、形式、結構、種類及調整之法定程序。第三章電價費率之制訂,本章乃本文理論部份之核心,共分四節,分別闡述電價費率制訂之原則及因素並從而研究其制訂之原理及制訂之實際步驟。第四章供電成本之核算,供電成本為電價費率制訂最重要之因素,故特闢專章就其核算方法加以詳述並舉實例以明之。第五章台灣電價費率調整之沿革,分就費率公式,電價制度及電價表之演變過程加以分析,藉明台灣電價費率調整之歷史。第六章台灣電價費率之評析,本章為本文之重心,節分四項,就現行計算公式,費率結構,審議機構及行將調整之電價費率四部份分從理論及實務兩方面詳加評析。第七章結論。 撰寫論文難,搜集資料更難,此時此地撰述本題目尤難。蓋以台灣電力公司為一國營事業,索閱資料,□以機密見拒,尤以電價費率調整在即,有關資料,更禁外洩。此為本文撰寫過程中遭遇之最大困難,其艱苦又豈局外人所能想像哉! 本文引用之資料,計有五種:一為台電出版之各種刊物;二為經合會出版之各項刊物;三為台銀出版之期季;四為聯合國出版之統計資料;五為行政院公用事業費率審議委員會編印之刊物。上述資料均具相當之正確性,足資採信。 本文得能完成,承蒙劉溥仁教授悉心指導並介紹及賜借有關參考書籍,特此敬申最大謝意。惟劉師僅就本文之寫作方向及寫作技巧加以指導,內中文責自由撰者承負,與之無涉,併此聲明。
2

具降低成本誘因的電價政策之研究

李怡宗, LI, YI-ZONG Unknown Date (has links)
台灣電力事業在生產上具有資本密集、技術密集和規模報酬遞增等自然獨占的特質, ,加上政府基於避免重複購置的旅費及防止德性競爭的考慮,乃在法律上明令禁止新 廠進入,促成了現在電力事業獨占經營的型態,由於獨占廠商對市場供應數量、價格 、及品質擁有極大的控制能力,因此為免獨占所可能產生的弊害,進而增益社會福利 ,自然有必要對電力事業加以管制。再者,電力事業係屬公用事業之一,需求彈性小 ,且對國計民生影響甚鉅,更提高了管制的重要性。 管制電力事業的方法甚多,但由於政府和電力事業間存有資訊不對稱及雙方目標各異 的情形,所以存在著道德危險的問題,這將致使電力事業之營運決策偏離政府的期望 ,進而造成了成本水準無法降低、電價費率偏離最適水準的現象,鑑於電價費率的訂 定將會影響及電力事業本身的發展、經濟的成長、國家財政收入、及消費者的負擔, 因此電價政策的合理性甚值得大家深入研究改善。 本論文利用代理理論,探討政府為求降低成本的最適電價政策,誘導電力事業改進其 營運措施,提高文章,從而裨益於社會大眾。本論文之研究結果有以下三點貢獻: ぇ以代理理論之觀點剖析政府對電力事業管制在努力降低成本上之道德危險問題。 え說明在道德危險下,政府應如何擬定最適電價,以誘使電力事業努力於從事降低成 本。 ぉ探討政府在授權電力事業蒐集資訊時,為達降低成本目的之最適電價政策所應多加 考慮的情境因素。
3

國家永續發展合理電價關鍵因素之研究 / A Study on Key Factors for the Reasonable Electricity Price for National Sustainable Development

朱麗容 Unknown Date (has links)
適逢電價調漲階段,引發各界對於電價合理化之諸多討論,在民主意識高漲的現今社會,公營事業的角色開始受到轉型與挑戰,如何制訂出既能符合民意,同時亦能達到目標的政策是不可忽視的課題。因此本研究採用模糊層級分析法(Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process),以永續發展的三大框架-經濟、社會與環境做為建構國家永續發展合理電價關鍵因素的主要層級,並由國內外文獻分析彙整出此三個構面下與電價相關的九個次層級和二十二個子層級。根據 20 位電價政策相關之政府機關、能源電業領域之學者以及一般產業用戶填寫問卷之結果,歸納出臺灣在永續發展的前景下,制訂合理電價之關鍵因素,研究結果發現: 權重值在 0.2 以上有 4 項,大幅領先其他項目,前三名分別為臺電發電成本之權重(0.393)最高,其次為反映核能輻射汙染成本(0.3761)、需要維生設備之病患電價優惠(0.279)以及節約能源效益(0.2679)。顯示出合理電價之考量應確實反映發電成本,而在電力對環境的議題上,核能汙染問題是最被關注的選項,大幅超過對其他環境汙染因子的考量。接著在照顧弱勢的社會層面中,以予以需要維生設備之病患電價優惠最為優先,其原因可能在於缺電成本高於其他同層面的低收入戶及身障機構。整體評估而言,三項最大的權重值平均分佈在主層級的三大面向中,顯示國家永續發展之合理電價應兼顧經濟、社會與環境的平衡發展。
4

再生能源饋網電價制度之研析 / The research of renewable energy feed in tariff

黃琪珊, Huang, Chi-Shan Unknown Date (has links)
全球目前面臨氣候變遷及能源價格不斷攀升的重要課題,為解決能源問題、維護生態環境,再生能源發展成為刻不容緩的重要政策。世界各國紛紛提出促進再生能源發展的一連串行動方案,其中常見的政策之一為饋網電價制度,透過訂定保證收購價格,提高廠商投資意願,進一步促進再生能源產業發展。然我國於民國98年正式引入該項制度,如何透過其他各國實施的歷史經驗,學習此制度的重點措施,並考量我國經濟環境,改善制度設計,為學者目前關注的焦點。 德國與西班牙發展饋網電價制度皆有一段時日,其中經歷不斷的法令修正、制度變遷,已成為目前施行饋網電價制度成功的代表性國家。本文首先彙整饋網電價制度相關理論文獻,釐清饋網電價制度基本要素,再透過德國與西班牙的施行經驗,用以檢視我國饋網電價制度設計與他國的差異並比較分析,深入探討饋網電價制度的核心精神。
5

台灣綠色電價政策之關鍵因素研究 / The Study on Key Factors of the Green Power Pricing Policy in Taiwan

陳秋伶, Chen, Chiu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
為了因應全球暖化,鼓勵再生能源發展,先進國家逐步推動「綠色電價」。由於再生能源發電成本較一般傳統電力成本來得高,故再生能源電能之價格也會高於傳統電能之價格。對於高成本高售價之再生能源電能,多數國家在市場上透過用電戶自願認購方式進行銷售,並收取所謂的綠色電價,以作為綠色電力基金之來源,或作為未來發展再生能源之資金來源。透過這樣的制度,可以讓整體社會共同參與環境保護的工作,也可提高人民的環保意識和各界環境責任感,也可籌措再生能源發展所需的資金。 本研究透過問卷調查法,以網路問卷-Google Form發放,觀察並探討民眾對於綠色電價政策之購買意願,以及民眾對於當前政策之考量,透過ANOVA檢定,分析民眾填答問卷之結果,了解民眾本身對於環保問題的認知與意識,及民眾對於綠色電價政策之考量因素主要為何。根據問卷分析與檢定結果發現:多數民眾對於綠色電價的概念仍然相當模糊,但是大多會選擇購買綠色電價。 其次是對於本文所歸納的五個政策因素考量存有疑慮-政府政策宣導、綠色電價的制度設計、相關法規制定、執行單位之效能,以及支付額外的綠色電價對國人經濟上的負擔。五項當中,又以執行單位可能效能不佳之疑慮評分為最高。 本研究另外發現,民眾對於綠色電價的願付價格,接受度最高的是綠色電價比一般電價貴10%以下,意即在回收的221份問卷中,當綠電價格每度低於3.18元,一般民眾有五成以上會選購,與目前綠電價格設定3.96元存有落差。據此,在綠色電價政策推行上,和實際民眾購買意願之間,應該如何制訂一個合理的綠色電價,是需要仰賴國內產、官、學各界充分討論,以及民眾意見妥善表達,在國家與社會民眾間,取得一個平衡點,並且參考各先進國家發展自願性綠色電價之經驗。如此,方能在國家發展經濟的同時,又能兼顧環境保護和節能減碳,達到國家永續發展之政策目標。 / In response to global warming, the development of renewable energy is encouraged. Advanced countries are gradually promoting “green power pricing programs”. Due to the higher generating costs of renewable energy’s electricity than conventional one, therefore renewable energy electricity prices will be definitely higher than traditional electric energy prices. The high cost of renewable energy’s electricity pushes most countries in the market to sell this type of electricity to consumers through a voluntary subscription mode and charge a so-called green power pricing. Using green power as a source of funds or as the future development of renewable energy funding sources and with such a system, you can make the whole society participate in environmental protection work. People from all walks of life will have their environmental awareness and responsibility adequately improved. This study uses an online questionnaire-Google Form to survey, observe and explore the public’s reaction towards green power pricing policy, its willingness to purchase and its considerations for the current policies. Through the ANOVA test and the analysis of the results of the survey to understand the public’s cognition and awareness of environmental issues and the public’s main considerations towards the green power pricing policy, for most people such concept is still quite vague but anyhow they will choose to buy green. Secondly, this article summarizes five policy factors for consideration –doubts about government policy and advocacy, the designing of the green power pricing system, the related laws and regulations, the performance of the executive units and the payment of the green power pricing adding to the economic burden of the people. In the above five points, the poor performance of the units will, undoubtedly, carry the highest score. This study also found that the public is willing to pay for green power pricing and there is even a higher acceptance if the price would not exceed more than 10% of conventional electricity price. In other words, according to the response of 221 questionnaires, if the green power price lower than NT$3.18 /kWh, there will be half of people to purchase it. This study conducted a gap analysis between the current green power price-NT$3.96 /kWh and the price people accepted generally. Accordingly, the implementation of a policy on green electricity and the real willingness of the people to purchase such electricity depend on how reasonable the green tariff is. The industry, the government , the academia should all express their opinions. The state and the society must seek and strike a balance while referring to the development of green energy voluntary subscription tariffs in advanced countries. In this way, while simultaneously developing the economy of the country and taking into account the environment protection, energy saving and carbon reduction, we can reach our national goals of achieving a sustainable development.
6

時間電價系統的最佳契約容量 / Optimal contract capacities for Time-of-Use electricity pricing systems

王家琪, Wang, Jia Qi Unknown Date (has links)
隨著各行各業的飛速發展、科技的不斷進步,一般的公司行號、工廠及現代化的建築對於電力需求大大增加。但是在有限的電力資源下,有時候一到用電高峰時期,很難滿足各行各業的用電需求,因此難免會出現很多地方在用電高峰期跳電的情況。電力公司為了更加有效的分配電力,提出所謂時間電價的概念,和用戶實現簽訂各自的契約容量,將這個契約容量作為每個月分配給各個用戶的最大電量標準。對於用戶來說,若選擇相對較低的契約容量,其所需要負擔的基本電費會較低。然而,當用電量超過契約容量時,用戶可能需要支付非常高額的罰款;若選擇相對較高的契約容量,雖然其支付高額罰款的機率會降低很多,但是所需要負擔的基本電費會增多。因此,對於電力公司和用戶而言,使用時間電價系統,來選擇一個適當的且最佳化的契約容量,已然成為一個非常重要的課題。本文介紹如何用分形布朗運動的模型,來描述用戶用電量趨勢,同時介紹了如何估計分形布朗運動模型中的各個參數。本文也介紹如何建立每月總電費期望值的估計方程式,並利用估計出來的用電量分形布朗運動模型來搜尋最佳化的契約容量。最後,本文以美國密西根州的安娜堡的居民住宅大樓用電量為數據資料作為研究的實例,進一步的提出並論證了選擇最佳化契約容量的方法。 / Over the last few decades, the advances in technology and industry have significantly increased the need of electric power, while the power resource is usually limited. In order to best control the power usage, a so-called Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing system is recently developed so that different rates over different seasons and/or weekly/daily peak periods are charged (this is different from the traditional pricing system with flat rate contracts). An important feature of the TOU system is that the consumers have to pre-select the power contract capacities (i.e. the maximum power demands claimed by consumers over different pricing periods) so that the electricity tariff can be calculated accordingly. This means that risk is transferred from the retailer side to the consumer side -- one has to pay more if a larger contract capacity is selected but can potentially mitigate the penalty charge placed when the maximum demand exceeds the contract level. In this thesis, a general stochastic modeling framework for consumer's power demand based on which the contract capacities of a Time-of-Use pricing system can be best selected so as to minimize the mean electricity price. Due to the observed nature of self-similarity and time dependence, the power demand over a homogeneous peak period is modeled as a constant mean with the noise described by a scaled fractional Brownian motion. However, the underlying optimization problem involves an intricate mathematical formulation, thus requiring techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation and numerical search so as to estimate the solution. Finally, a real data set from Ann Arbor, Michigan along with two pricing systems are used to illustrate our proposed method.

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