Denna uppsats redovisar en studie av normer i interaktionsdesignen av svt.se, som ett exempel på en nyhetssida av public service-karaktär. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och belysa sociala normer och hur de bäddas in i designen. Vi ville också undersöka och utvärdera metoder och ramverk för att studera webbplatser och dess interaktionsdesign som kulturella uttryck och bärare av sociala normer. För att belysa studiens syfte har vi använt oss av de riktlinjer för tillgänglighet i webbgränssnitt som SVT förhåller sig till i designen. Studien utgick från en multimodal analysmetod för webbplatser och grounded theory. Studien visade att svt.se erbjuder ett tillgängligt gränssnitt som följer de riktlinjer webbplatsen sägs förhålla sig till. Vi såg att det fanns en tydlig aktualitetsnorm där innehåll och design samverkar för att lyfta en aktuell händelse. Studien visade även att könsfördelningen på bilder på svt.se var jämn, men att bilder på icke-vita personer samt personer med funktionsvarianter var mindre förekommande. / In this essay we present a study of norms within interaction design. We have analyzied svt.se as an example of a news site with a public service duty. The essay aims so explore and highlight social norms and how they are embedded in the design. We also wanted to examine and evaluate methods and frameworks for studying websites as cultural expressions and carriers of social norms. To illustrate the purpose of the study, we have used guidelines for accessibility on web interfaces that SVT relate to in their website design. The study was based on a multimodal framework for analyzing websites and grounded theory. The study showed that svt.se provides an accessible interface that follows the guidelines the interface is said to relate to. We also saw a clear convention regarding how current events where depicted where both content and design interacted. The study also showed that the gender distribution on images on svt.se was even, but the images of non-white people and people with functional variants were less common.

Tourism is one of the largest economic sectors globally. It is a climate sensitive sector, with climate being one of the most important attributes for a destination. The Tourism Climate Index (TCI), developed by Mieczkowski (1985), is the most widely used index for assessing a destination’s climatic suitability for general tourist activities. Major deficiencies such as the subjectivity of its rating system and component weightings have been identified in the literature, and the need to develop a new index has been identified by researchers for almost a decade. This study aims to fill the research gap by developing a new index, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI), for the purpose of overcoming the deficiencies of the TCI. The HCI was compared with the TCI in rating both current (1961-1990) and future (2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099) climatic suitability for tourism of the 15 most visited European city destinations (London, Paris, Istanbul, Rome, Barcelona, Dublin, Amsterdam, Vienna, Madrid, Berlin, Stockholm, Warsaw, Munich, Athens and Venice). The results were also compared with monthly visitation data available for Paris to assess whether the HCI ratings more accurately represent visitation demand than the TCI. The results show that there are key differences between the HCI and TCI in rating the tourism climate suitability of the selected European city destinations, in particular in the winter months of the northern, western and eastern European city destinations where the performance of the TCI had been questioned in the literature. The comparison with leisure tourist visitation data in Paris also revealed that the ratings of the HCI were more reflective of seasonal pattern of tourist arrivals than the TCI ratings. Because the TCI has been widely applied (15 studies), these findings hold important implications for future research in assessing current and future climatic suitability for tourism.

<p>Event Condition Action rule engines have been developed for some time now. Theycan respond automatically to events coming from different sources. Combination ofdifferent event types may be different from time to time and there for it is hard todetermine how the rule engine executes its rules. Especially when the engine is givena large rule set to work with. To determine the behavior is to run tests on the ruleengine and see the final results, but if the results are wrong it can be hard to see whatwent wrong. ruleViz is a program that can look at the execution and visually animatethe rule engine behavior by showing connections between rules and composite events,making it easier for the operator to see what causes the fault. ruleViz is designed toembrace Human Computer Interaction (HCI) methods, making its interfaceunderstandable and easy to operate.</p>

Nous nous intéressons aux approches par EDP pour la régularisation d'images scalaires et multivaluées définies sur des supports non plans et à leurs applications à des problèmes de traitement des images. Nous étudions la relation entre les méthodes existantes et les comparons en termes de performance et complexité d'implémentation. Nous développons de nouvelles méthodes numériques pour traiter des opérateurs de type divergence utilisés dans les méthodes de régularisation par EDPs sur des surfaces triangulées.<br />Nous généralisons la technique de régularisation du Flot de Beltrami pour le cas des images définies sur des surfaces implicites et explicites. Des implémentations sont proposées pour ces méthodes, et des expériences sont exposées. Nous montrons aussi une application concrète de ces méthodes à un problème de cartographie rétinotopique.

O surgimento de diferentes dispositivos computacionais fez crescer a demanda pela possibilidade de utilização de um aplicativo em múltiplas plataformas, exigindo o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas que possibilitem o atendimento desse requisito de forma mais simples. Uma das abordagens propostas para solucionar esse problema é caracterizada pelo uso de interfaces plásticas, que se adaptam ao contexto de uso, e permitem a utilização de uma mesma descrição de interface para diferentes contextos. A adoção de técnicas de desenvolvimento baseado em modelos e de linguagens de descrição de interfaces (como a UsiXML, USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language) permitem a descrição de interfaces de usuário em diferentes níveis de abstração, mas para o desenvolvimento de interfaces plásticas multiplataforma utilizando UsiXML, são necessárias ferramentas que permitam o mapeamento entre cada um desses níveis. Nesse trabalho é apresentado o RenderXML, um renderizador de interfaces de usuário que atua no último nível de abstração da linguagem UsiXML, mapeando descrições de interfaces concretas para interfaces de usuário finais sendo executadas em um dispositivo específico. Além disso, o RenderXML fornece um segundo grau de liberdade ao desenvolvedor, permitindo a conexão da interface de usuário renderizada com lógicas de aplicação desenvolvidas em múltiplas linguagens de programação. Para ilustrar sua aplicação, RenderXML foi usado e testado no desenvolvimento de software multiplataforma, em particular para a criação de livros eletrônicos falados, tema do projeto LIFAPOR, no qual este trabalho está inserido. / The existent of different computing devices has created the necessity of software development for multiple platforms, requiring new techniques that permit the fulfillment of this requirement in a simple way. One of the proposed approaches to solve this problem is characterized by the use of plastic user interfaces, which adapt themselves to an use context, and allow the utilization of the same user interface description in multiple contexts. The adoption of model-based development techniques and user interface description languages (as UsiXML, USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language) enables the specification of user interfaces at different levels of abstraction, but requires tools which perform the mapping between each one of these levels. This work presents RenderXML, a user interface rendering application which acts on the last abstraction level of UsiXML, mapping concrete user interfaces descriptions to final user interfaces running on a specific device. Moreover, RenderXML provides a second degree of freedom to the developer, allowing the connection of the rendered user interface to functional cores developed in multiple programming languages. To illustrate its application, RenderXML was used and tested in the development of multiplatform software, in particular in the creation of digital talking books, theme of the LIFAPOR project, in which this work is inserted.

This paper will investigate both modern and potential future methods of data collection and analysis. The research was conducted through qualitative research practices such as an autoethnographic recounting of a personal privacy scare on a mobile device, personal interviews regarding the individual’s own online data, and observed reactions to relevant instances regarding for instance surveillance apps. This research was done while considering a wide breadth of texts and articles relevant to the question of what things like dataveillance look like today, how they affect our lives and how they may take form in the future. This research finally culminates in the form of a short film in which these topics are framed in a speculative and somewhat more dystopian near future scenario

abstract: The Game As Life - Life As Game (GALLAG) project investigates how people might change their lives if they think of and/or experience their life as a game. The GALLAG system aims to help people reach their personal goals through the use of context-aware computing, and tailored games and applications. To accomplish this, the GALLAG system uses a combination of sensing technologies, remote audio/video feedback, mobile devices and an application programming interface (API) to empower users to create their own context-aware applications. However, the API requires programming through source code, a task that is too complicated and abstract for many users. This thesis presents GALLAG Strip, a novel approach to programming sensor-based context-aware applications that combines the Programming With Demonstration technique and a mobile device to enable users to experience their applications as they program them. GALLAG Strip lets users create sensor-based context-aware applications in an intuitive and appealing way without the need of computer programming skills; instead, they program their applications by physically demonstrating their envisioned interactions within a space using the same interface that they will later use to interact with the system, that is, using GALLAG-compatible sensors and mobile devices. GALLAG Strip was evaluated through a study with end users in a real world setting, measuring their ability to program simple and complex applications accurately and in a timely manner. The evaluation also comprises a benchmark with expert GALLAG system programmers in creating the same applications. Data and feedback collected from the study show that GALLAG Strip successfully allows users to create sensor-based context-aware applications easily and accurately without the need of prior programming skills currently required by the GALLAG system and enables them to create almost all of their envisioned applications. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2012

Hoje em dia, muitas empresas de petróleo estão adotando diferentes sistemas baseados em conhecimento com o objetivo de ter uma melhor predição de qualidade de reservatório. No entanto, existem obstáculos que não permitem geólogos com diferentes formações recuperar as informações sem a necessidade da ajuda de um especialista em tecnologia da informação. O principal problema é a heterogeneidade semântica dos usuários finais quando fazem consultas em um sistema de consulta visual (VQS). Isto pode ser pior quando há uma nova terminologia na base de conhecimentos que afetam a interação do usuário, especialmente para usuários novatos. Neste contexto, apresentamos contribuições teóricas e práticas que explora o sinergismo entre ontologia e interação homem-computador (HCI). Do lado da teoria, introduzimos o conceito de visão de ontologia bem fundamentada e a sua definição formal. Nós nos concentramos na extração de vista ontologia de uma ontologia bem fundamentada e completa, baseando-nos em meta-propriedades ontológicas e propusemos um algorítmo independente da linguagem para extração de sub-ontologia que é guiada por meta-propriedades ontológicas. No lado prático, baseado nos princípios de HCI e desenho de interação, propusemos um novo sistema de consulta visual que usa o enfoque de vistas de ontologias para guiar o processo de consulta. Também o nosso desenho inclui visualizações de dados que ajudarão geólogos a entender os dados recuperados. Além disso, avaliamos nosso desenho com um teste de usabilidade a-través de um questionário em experimento controlado. Cinco geólogos que trabalham na área de Geologia do Petróleo foram avaliados. O enfoque proposto é avaliado no domínio de petrografia tomando as comunidades de Diagênese e Microestrutural adotando o critério de precisão e revocação. Os resultados experimentais mostram que termos relevantes obtidos de documentos de uma comunidade varia entre 30 a 66% de precisão e 4.6 a 36% de revocação, dependendo do enfoque selecionado e da combinação de parâmetros. Além disso, os resultados mostram que, para toda combinação de parâmetros, a revocação obtidos de artigos de diagênese usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de diagênese é maior que a revocação e f-measure usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de microestrutural. Por outro lado, resultados para toda combinação de parâmetros mostram que a revocação e f-measure obtida de artigos de microestrutural usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de microestrutural é maior que a revocação e o fmeasure usando a sub-ontologia gerada para a comunidade de diagêneses. / Nowadays many petroleum companies are adopting different knowledge-based systems aiming to have a better reservoir quality prediction. However, there are obstacles that not allow different background geologists to retrieve information without needing the help of an information technology expert. The main problem is the heterogeneity semantic of end users when doing queries in a visual query system (VQS). This can be worst when there is new terminology in the knowledge-base affecting the user interaction, particularly for novice users. In this context, we present theoretical and practical contributions that exploit the synergism between ontology and human computer interaction (HCI). On the theory side, we introduce the concept of ontology view for well-founded ontology and provide a formal definition and expressive power characterization. We focus in the ontology view extraction of a well-founded and complete ontology based on ontological meta-properties and propose a language independent algorithm for sub-ontology extraction, which is guided by ontological meta-properties. On the practical side, based on the principles of HCI and interaction design, we propose a new Visual Query System that uses the ontology view approach to guide the query process. Also, our design includes data visualizations that will help geologists to make sense of the retrieved data. Furthermore, we evaluated our interaction design with five users performing a usability testing through a questionnaire in a controlled experiment. The evaluation was performed over geologists that work in the area of petroleum geology. The approach proposed is evaluated on the petrography domain taking the communities of Diagenesis and MicroStructural adopting the well known criteria of precision and recall. Experimental results show that relevant terms obtained from the documents of a community varies from 30 to 66 % of precision and 4.6 to 36% of recall depending on the approach selected and the parameters combination. Furthermore, results show that almost for all the parameters combination that recall and f-measure obtained from diagenesis articles using the sub-ontology generated for the diagenesis community is greater than recall and f-measure using the sub-ontology generated for microstructural community. On the other hand, results for all the parameters combination that recall and f-measure obtained from microstructural articles using the sub-ontology generated for the microstructural community is greater than recall and f-measure using the subontology generated for diagenesis community.

O surgimento de diferentes dispositivos computacionais fez crescer a demanda pela possibilidade de utilização de um aplicativo em múltiplas plataformas, exigindo o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas que possibilitem o atendimento desse requisito de forma mais simples. Uma das abordagens propostas para solucionar esse problema é caracterizada pelo uso de interfaces plásticas, que se adaptam ao contexto de uso, e permitem a utilização de uma mesma descrição de interface para diferentes contextos. A adoção de técnicas de desenvolvimento baseado em modelos e de linguagens de descrição de interfaces (como a UsiXML, USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language) permitem a descrição de interfaces de usuário em diferentes níveis de abstração, mas para o desenvolvimento de interfaces plásticas multiplataforma utilizando UsiXML, são necessárias ferramentas que permitam o mapeamento entre cada um desses níveis. Nesse trabalho é apresentado o RenderXML, um renderizador de interfaces de usuário que atua no último nível de abstração da linguagem UsiXML, mapeando descrições de interfaces concretas para interfaces de usuário finais sendo executadas em um dispositivo específico. Além disso, o RenderXML fornece um segundo grau de liberdade ao desenvolvedor, permitindo a conexão da interface de usuário renderizada com lógicas de aplicação desenvolvidas em múltiplas linguagens de programação. Para ilustrar sua aplicação, RenderXML foi usado e testado no desenvolvimento de software multiplataforma, em particular para a criação de livros eletrônicos falados, tema do projeto LIFAPOR, no qual este trabalho está inserido. / The existent of different computing devices has created the necessity of software development for multiple platforms, requiring new techniques that permit the fulfillment of this requirement in a simple way. One of the proposed approaches to solve this problem is characterized by the use of plastic user interfaces, which adapt themselves to an use context, and allow the utilization of the same user interface description in multiple contexts. The adoption of model-based development techniques and user interface description languages (as UsiXML, USer Interface eXtensible Markup Language) enables the specification of user interfaces at different levels of abstraction, but requires tools which perform the mapping between each one of these levels. This work presents RenderXML, a user interface rendering application which acts on the last abstraction level of UsiXML, mapping concrete user interfaces descriptions to final user interfaces running on a specific device. Moreover, RenderXML provides a second degree of freedom to the developer, allowing the connection of the rendered user interface to functional cores developed in multiple programming languages. To illustrate its application, RenderXML was used and tested in the development of multiplatform software, in particular in the creation of digital talking books, theme of the LIFAPOR project, in which this work is inserted.

People's decisions do not happen in a vacuum; there are multiple factors that may affect them. There are external determinants, such as cost/benefit calculation of decision outcomes. There are also internal factors, such as attitudes, personality, emotions, age, and nationality. Frequently, the latter have a final say on the decision at hand, and similar determinants are triggered during the digital interaction when people make decisions about their privacy. The current digital privacy landscape is filled with recurring security breaches and leaks of personal information collected by online service providers. Growing dependency on Internet-connected devices and increasing privacy risks prompted policy makers to protect individuals' right to privacy. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation requires companies to provide adequate information about their data collection and processing practices to users, to increase privacy awareness and enable better decision making. Regardless, currently there is no sufficient, usable technology, which could help people make improved privacy decisions, decreasing over-disclosure and oversharing. Hence, multidisciplinary researchers aim at developing new privacy-enhancing solutions. To define such solutions and successfully convey data provision and processing practices, potential risks, or harms resulting from information disclosure, it is crucial to understand cognitive processes underpinning privacy decisions. In this thesis, we examine privacy decisions and define factors that influence them. We investigate the attitude-behaviour relationship and identify privacy concerns affecting perceptions of privacy. Additionally, we examine factors influencing information sharing, such as emotional arousal and personality traits. Our results demonstrate that there is a relationship between privacy concerns and behaviours, and that simplified models of behaviour are insufficient to predict privacy decisions. Our findings show that internal factors, such as nationality and culture, emotional arousal, and individual characteristics, affect privacy decisions. Based on our findings, we conclude that future models of privacy should incorporate such determinants. Further, we postulate that privacy user interfaces must become more flexible and personalised than the current solutions. / Growing dependency on Internet-connected devices and increasing privacy risks prompted policymakers to protect individuals’ right to privacy. In Europe, the General Data Protection Regulation requires companies to provide users with adequate information about data collection and processing practices to increase privacy awareness and enable better decisions. Hence, multidisciplinary researchers aim at developing new privacy-enhancing solutions. However, to develop such solutions it is crucial to understand cognitive processes underpinning privacy decisions. This thesis objective is to investigate privacy behaviours. We identify privacy concerns affecting perceptions of privacy and examine factors influencing information sharing. We show that simplified models of behaviour are insufficient predictors of privacy decisions, and that demographic characteristic, emotion and personality affect privacy attitudes and behaviours. Based on our findings we conclude that future models of privacy and designs of privacy user interfaces must incorporate such behavioural determinants.