This volume is a guide unpublished written material, ethnographic artefacts, pictures and maps in the archive of the Herrnhut (Moravian) Mission relating to Ghana (1737-68), South Africa (1737-44, 1792-c. 1960) and Tanzania (1891-c. 1970).

This paper examines if the wedding rite today can be considered as a rite of consumption rather than a rite of passage, with base in the wedding gown. The method used is a qualitative text and content analysis, this method has been applied to three articles and one book whom discuss the wedding and consumption related to the bride gown. To analyze this material Arnold Van Gennep´s definition of rites of passage is applied. Weddings are in our time strongly influenced by consumption with a strong focus on materiality rather than on religion. The wedding gown can be considered to be one of the most important artefacts today concerning the bride adapting to her new identity and social role.

Progression of human civilization in fields of technology, culture and media is closely tied to the creation of remains known as a cultural heritage. These artefacts and knowledge are testimonies of human cultures of distant and recent pasts. In last two decades, a trend of creating and living in synthetic worlds has emerged with social media and vast digital games being prime examples of such synthetic worlds. To better understand human culture, a new, yet undeveloped and academically unestablished (even though suggested by texts in past 30 years) interdisciplinar field has emerged: archaogaming. Its mission is researching distant and recent past through cultural heritage in and of digital games, connecting archaeology, game and media studies, using methods and tools inspired by archaeological practice. Among such methods belongs digital ethnography and on-site research, methods used in this Master's thesis' research. Its aim was to describe artefacts used and left in game worlds by gamers of three chosen digital games: GTA Online, Fortnite Battle Royale and Soul Calibur VI. Moreover, other goals of this research were to identify factors influencing such relics and their lifespan. Analysis of data collected during 60 gaming sessions throughout the trio of synthetic worlds suggests that artefacts...

La BI et le cloud computing sont deux grands sujets de recherche en informatique et en système d’information en particulier. Une recherche combinant ces deux concepts est d'un intérêt double : D’une part, dans les entreprises, la BI devient de plus en plus une partie importante du système d'information qui nécessite des investissements en termes de performances de calcul et des volumes de données. D’autre part, le cloud computing offre de nouvelles opportunités pour gérer les données à des fins d’analyse.Etant donné les possibilités de cloud, la question de la migration de l'ensemble du système d’information y compris la BI est d'un grand intérêt. En particulier, les chercheurs doivent fournir aux professionnels des modèles et des méthodes qui puissent les aider à migrer vers le cloud.Que faire pour que la BI puisse fournir aux managers un service de mise à disposition de données d’analyse au travers du cloud ? La question de recherche est : Comment aider les organisations à migrer leur BI vers le cloud ?Dans cette thèse, nous répondons à cette question en utilisant l'approche science de conception (design science). Nous mettons en place une aide à la décision de la migration de la BI vers le cloud qui s'appuie sur les taxonomies. Nous proposons un modèle de guidage opérationnel qui est instancié par une taxonomie de la BI dans le cloud et dont découlent les règles pour la migration de la BI vers le cloud. / BI and cloud computing are two major areas of computer science research and in particular in information system. A research combining these two concepts has a double interest : On the one hand, in business, the BI becomes increasingly an important part of the information system which requires investment in terms of computing performance and data volumes. On the other hand, cloud computing offers new opportunities to manage data for analysis.Given the possibilities of cloud, migration question of the information system including BI is of great interest. In particular, researchers must provide models and methods to help professional in BI migration to the cloud.The research question is : how to migrate BI to the cloud?In this thesis, we address this issue using design science research approach. We implement a decision-making help for BI migration to the cloud based on taxonomies. We provide an operational guidance model that is instantiated by a BI taxonomy in the cloud and from that rules for BI migration to the cloud are arised.

The destructive nature of conventional analytical techniques, coupled with the finite nature of ancient/historical artefacts, has long restricted technical examinations of museum collections, mainly due to ethical constraints. However, over the past few decades, the application of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques has become increasingly popular within the fields of archaeology and cultural heritage diagnostics. The application of such techniques has facilitated the examination of objects that have long remained uninvestigated. However, this positive development also held a slight drawback, in that researchers tend to now focus on technical analyses alone, while excluding more traditional means of analyses, such as comparative stylistic analysis and surface investigation. By employing a combination of stylistic analysis, visual surface investigation (by means of SLR photography and digital microscopy) and nuclear imaging (by means of Microfocus X-Ray Computed Tomography), the thesis sets out to justify the application of mixed methodologies as part of a more holistic integrated authentication approach. Thus stated, the thesis presents a mixed-methodological approach towards the analysis of selected metal objects from the Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History in Pretoria, South Africa. The objects under investigation include a small collection of ancient Egyptian bronze statuettes, a Samurai helmet (kabuto) and mask (menpó), a European gauntlet, and an Arabian dagger (jambiya/khanjar). While all the objects are curated as part of the museum’s archaeology and military history collections, the exact production dates, manufacturing techniques and areas of origin remain a mystery. By using a combination of techniques, the thesis aims to identify diagnostic features that can be used to shed light on their relative age, culturo-chronological framework and, by extension, their authenticity. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a commonly used non-invasive imaging technique that provides high resolution images of soft tissue. One problem with MRI is that it is sensitive to signal quality issues. The issues can arise for various reasons, for example by metal located either inside or outside of the body. Another common signal quality issue is caused by the patient being partly placed outside field of view of the MRI scanner.   This thesis aims to investigate the possibility to automatically detect these signal quality issues using deep neural networks. More specifically, two different 3D CNN network types were studied, a classification-based approach and a reconstruction-based approach. The datasets used consist of MRI volumes from UK Biobank which have been processed and manually annotated by operators at AMRA Medical. For the classification method four different network architectures were explored utilising supervised learning with multi-label classification. The classification method was evaluated using accuracy and label-based evaluation metrics, such as macro-precision, macro-recall and macro-F1. The reconstruction method was based on anomaly detection using an autoencoder which was trained to reconstruct volumes without any artefacts. A mean squared prediction error was calculated for the reconstructed volume and compared against a threshold in order to classify a volume with or without artefacts. The idea was that volumes containing artefacts should be more difficult to reconstruct and thus, result in a higher prediction error. The reconstruction method was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score.  The results show that the classification method has overall higher performance than the reconstruction method. The achieved accuracy for the classification method was 98.0% for metal artefacts and 97.5% for outside field of view artefacts. The best architecture for the classification method proved to be DenseNet201. The reconstruction method worked for metal artefacts with an achieved accuracy of 75.7%. Furthermore, it was concluded that reconstruction method did not work for detection of outside field of view artefacts.    The results from the classification method indicate that there is a possibility to automatically detect artefacts with deep neural networks. However, it is needed to further improve the method in order to completely replace a manual quality control step before using the volumes for calculation of biomarkers.

In Industrial Computer Systems, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are essential components since they control physical processes. Altering these could have enormous consequences as they can control processes in nuclear plants, gas pipelines and water supplies. Over the years, PLCs have become more and more connected since it facilitates their configuration and programming remotely. More connected does also means that they could be more vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, it would be desirable to be able to do a forensic investigation and interpret the artefacts if an incident happens, especially since PLCs control such vital functions. There exists little research about this area, but it does not discuss how to evaluate or interpret possible artefacts forensic investigation could reveal. This thesis aims to answer what artefacts are left in the system after two specific attacks. The result showed that some artefacts is left. One of the attacks does not leave so much specific artefacts that one could conclude how the attack happened, but for the other one, it was possible to conclude how they got remote access to the system. However, these artefacts were possible to cover up by deleting the IP address that was added in order to get remote access to the system. In other words, the only persistent artefacts left in the system after the attacks and cover-ups was metadata about created, modified, and removed files. Future work would be to expand and include more attacks to get a better overview of the overall forensic abilities of the PLC. / I industriella datorsystem är PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) viktiga komponenter eftersom de styr fysiska processer. Att ändra dessa kan få enorma konsekvenser eftersom de kan styra processer i kärnkraftverk, gasledningar och vattenförsörjning. Under årens lopp har PLC:er blivit mer och mer uppkopplade eftersom det underlättar deras konfiguration och programmering på distans. Mer uppkopplade betyder också att de kan vara mer sårbara för attacker. Därför vore det önskvärt att kunna göra en kriminalteknisk undersökning och tolka bevisningen om en incident inträffar, särskilt eftersom PLC:er kontrollerar sådana vitala funktioner. Det finns lite forskning om detta område, men den diskuterar inte hur man ska utvärdera eller tolka eventuella bevis som den kriminalteknisk undersökningen kan avslöja. Denna avhandling syftar till att svara på vilka artefakter som finns kvar i systemet efter två specifika attacker. Resultatet visade att en del bevis finns kvar. En av attackerna lämnar inte så mycket specifika bevis att man kunde dra slutsatsen hur attacken gick till, men för den andra gick det att dra slutsatsen hur de fick fjärråtkomst till systemet. Dessa artefakter var dock möjliga att dölja genom att radera IP-adressen som lades till för att få fjärråtkomst till systemet. Med andra ord, det enda ihållande bevisningen som fanns kvar i systemet efter attackerna och mörkläggningarna var metadata om skapade, modifierade och borttagna filer. Framtida arbete skulle vara att expandera och inkludera fler attacker för att få en bättre överblick över PLC:s övergripande forensiska förmågor.

A materiality approach is developed in this thesis in order to understand social-material relationships during the south-east Scottish Iron Age. The focus is on everyday objects, traditionally lesser studied in terms of cosmological value, made of bone and antler, stone, clay/pottery and metal (copper alloy and iron) from the Broxmouth Hillfort assemblage and other excavated Iron Age sites in East Lothian. This study sets out to move away from typology to examine the connections between these materials through their sourcing, affordances (signative and pragmatic), design, manufacture, use and deposition. In addition to the archaeological evidence, a range of analytical methods are employed; including laser scanning confocal microscopy, raman spectroscopy, and residue and isotopic analysis. It becomes evident that the materials studied, despite their predominantly local availability, were invested with meaning in appropriation, making, and were deliberately curated and maintained in use, assembling rich personal biographies. Identities were tied up with making, using and depositing of materials in turn embodying beliefs of fertility, renewal and productivity which were central to Iron Age cosmology, continuing into the Roman Iron Age. These results contribute to our understanding of the construction and practice of society in the Iron Age of Britain, with implications for how we may design our own 21st Century material worlds. It is proposed that social relations in the Iron Age of south-east Scotland were heterarchical. / Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

Lien vers le GitHub contenant tous les outils programmés dans le cadre du mémoire : https://github.com/neurok8050/eda-optimisation-processing-tool / L’activité électrodermale (EDA), particulièrement la skin conductance response (SCR), est un signal psychophysiologique fréquemment utilisé en recherche en psychologie et en neuroscience cognitive. L’utilisation de l’EDA entraîne son lot de défis particulièrement son prétraitement. En effet, encore très peu de recherches effectuent un prétraitement adéquat. Notre objectif est donc de promouvoir l’utilisation du prétraitement du signal SCR et de proposer des recommandations pour les chercheurs en fournissant des données sur l’impact du prétraitement sur la capacité à discriminer les SCR entre deux conditions expérimentales. En utilisant des travaux similaires, nous avons testé les effets de combinaisons de prétraitement utilisant différentes méthodes de filtrage, différentes méthodes de remise à l’échelle, l’inclusion d’une étape de détection automatique des artefacts de mouvement et en utilisant différentes métriques opérationnalistes (le peak-scoring (PS) et l’aire sous la courbe (AUC)) et d’approches par modèle. Enfin, nous avons testé si une seule combinaison de filtrage pourrait être utilisée avec différents jeux de données ou si le prétraitement devrait plutôt être ajusté individuellement à chaque jeu de données. Nos résultats suggèrent que 1) l’inclusion d’une étape de détection automatique des artefacts de mouvements n’affecte pas significativement la capacité à discriminer entre deux conditions expérimentales, 2) l’approche par modèle semble être un peu meilleure à discriminer entre deux conditions expérimentales et 3) la meilleure combinaison de prétraitement semble variée en fonction du jeu de données utilisé. Les données et outils présentés dans ce mémoire devraient permettre de promouvoir et faciliter le prétraitement du signal SCR. / Electrodermal activity (EDA), particularly the skin conductance response (SCR) is a psychophysiological signal frequently used in research in psychology and in cognitive neuroscience. Nevertheless, using EDA comes with some challenges notably in regard to its preprocessing. Indeed, very few research teams adequately preprocess their data. Our objective is to promote the implementation of SCR preprocessing and to offer some recommendations to researchers by providing some data on the effect of preprocessing on the SCR ability to discriminate between two experimental conditions. Based on similar work, we have tested the effect of preprocessing combinations using different filtering methods, different rescaling methods, the inclusion of an automatic motion detection step while using different operationalist metrics (peak-scoring (PS) and area under the curve (AUC)) and different model-based approach metrics. Finally, we tested if only one combination could be used across different datasets or if the preprocessing should be optimized individually to each dataset. Our results show that 1) the inclusion of the automatic motion detection step did not significantly impact the ability to discriminate between two experimental conditions, 2) the model-based approach seems to be slightly better at discriminating between two experimental conditions and 3) the best combination of preprocessing seems to vary between different datasets. The data and tools presented in this master thesis should promote and facilitate SCR signal preprocessing.

L'état de la réflexion fondamentale concernant l'association des sources écrites et archéologiques en ce qui a trait à l'étude de la civilisation matérielle n'en est guère encore qu'à ses prémices. C'est dans cette optique que le présent mémoire entend se consacrer à une confrontation de ces deux types de sources sur le thème du mobilier en Gaule du Nord du X au XIIIe siècle et ce, grâce à la mise en parallèle de deux corpus documentaires, l'un composé de onze sources narratives et l'autre, de neuf catalogues archéologiques et de trois revues. Afin d'extraire les informations contenues dans les vingt-trois sources analysées et de rendre possible la comparaison, un système d'enregistrement fondé sur l'usage des objets, classifiant les occurrences en dix-sept catégories distinctes, a été créé. Les résultats obtenus suite à cet enregistrement font ressortir la nécessité de définir avec plus de précision les natures propres de l'écrit et de l'artefact, lesquels constituent deux systèmes de traces du passé à la fois différents et complémentaires, tout en corroborant les bénéfices de leur combinaison. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2013