The development of e-government systems in South Africa has raised major concerns when coming to the systems development methodology used. Through the literature review conducted and the data collected, the study has indicated that there is lack of uniformity, isolated cost, models for choosing project teams and the overall control of the whole process of e-government systems development. As a result, this research investigates the use of systems development methodologies in the development of e-government systems. The study followed the qualitative research method; interviews were conducted in four case studies involved in the development of e-government systems. The collected data were then analysed using a software analytical tool called Atlas ti. 6.1. Subsequently a cross-case analysis was performed on the four case studies. The research findings of this study indicated that the appropriate use of systems development methodologies in the development of e-government systems helps improve the quality of e-government systems, reduces development costs, and also makes the development process effective and efficient. Based on the information gathered from the four case studies, developers in government find it difficult to select a suitable systems development methodology to use when developing e-government systems. Therefore the study proposes a conceptual framework that can be used to select the appropriate systems development methodology when developing e-government systems. This framework is made up of characteristics of e-government systems and different types of systems development methodologies. / MSc (Computer Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The development of e-government systems in South Africa has raised major concerns when coming to the systems development methodology used. Through the literature review conducted and the data collected, the study has indicated that there is lack of uniformity, isolated cost, models for choosing project teams and the overall control of the whole process of e-government systems development. As a result, this research investigates the use of systems development methodologies in the development of e-government systems. The study followed the qualitative research method; interviews were conducted in four case studies involved in the development of e-government systems. The collected data were then analysed using a software analytical tool called Atlas ti. 6.1. Subsequently a cross-case analysis was performed on the four case studies. The research findings of this study indicated that the appropriate use of systems development methodologies in the development of e-government systems helps improve the quality of e-government systems, reduces development costs, and also makes the development process effective and efficient. Based on the information gathered from the four case studies, developers in government find it difficult to select a suitable systems development methodology to use when developing e-government systems. Therefore the study proposes a conceptual framework that can be used to select the appropriate systems development methodology when developing e-government systems. This framework is made up of characteristics of e-government systems and different types of systems development methodologies. / MSc (Computer Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Play’n GO uses a reporting framework where their customers (operators) can access game related and financial information. These reports are very important for the operators since they use them all the time for statistics, marketing and financial settlement. The reporting framework is now getting old and needs to be updated or replaced.This report will handle the analysis of the current framework, an updated framework, new frameworks and the option of creating a framework by themselves.The result was that it would be easier for them to make a framework of their own, rather than to buy and try to adapt an already existing one.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Functional genomics determines the biological functions of genes on a global scale by using large volumes of data obtained through techniques including next-generation sequencing (NGS). The application of NGS in biomedical research is gaining in momentum, and with its adoption becoming more widespread, there is an increasing need for access to customizable computational workflows that can simplify, and offer access to, computer intensive analyses of genomic data. In this study, the Galaxy and Ruffus frameworks were designed and implemented with a view to address the challenges faced in biomedical research. Galaxy, a graphical web-based framework, allows researchers to build a graphical NGS data analysis pipeline for accessible, reproducible, and collaborative data-sharing. Ruffus, a UNIX command-line framework used by bioinformaticians as Python library to write scripts in object-oriented style, allows for building a workflow in terms of task dependencies and execution logic. In this study, a dual data analysis technique was explored which focuses on a comparative evaluation of Galaxy and Ruffus frameworks that are used in composing analysis pipelines. To this end, we developed an analysis pipeline in Galaxy, and Ruffus, for the analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequence data. Furthermore, this study aimed to compare the Galaxy framework to Ruffus with preliminary analysis revealing that the analysis pipeline in Galaxy displayed a higher percentage of load and store instructions. In comparison, pipelines in Ruffus tended to be CPU bound and memory intensive. The CPU usage, memory utilization, and runtime execution are graphically represented in this study. Our evaluation suggests that workflow frameworks have distinctly different features from ease of use, flexibility, and portability, to architectural designs.

O objetivo principal do trabalho foi analisar e organizar dois movimentos que coexistem ao criar uma startup: empreender e inovar. Verificar se a estruturação de uma startup (o empreender) pode ser entendida como um processo de inovação e compreender como as ferramentas propostas na teoria para esses dois temas podem convergir para um fluxo único de ações. E assim, à luz da literatura, e baseando-se em um caso prático, propor um framework que ajude a empresa a se organizar nesses dois níveis: estruturação e de inovação. Para tanto, através de uma abordagem exploratória-descritiva qualitativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação utilizando o caso de uma startup de tecnologia brasileira fundada por alguns estudantes de pós-graduação, que ao longo de sua jornada incorporou novos sócios e executivos a fim de se estruturar e promover intensa inovação para o mercado brasileiro de varejo digital. Desse modo, foi possível analisar na prática e com alto nível de detalhe e profundidade os dois processos que aconteceram de forma concomitante: a evolução da startup como empresa e o processo interno de inovação para o lançamento dos produtos. Para que esse contexto prático pudesse ser analisado e, ao final, transformado em proposta de atuação na forma de framework, a revisão bibliográfica trata de temas como empreendedorismo, startups e processos de inovação, bem como algumas ferramentas de execução e gestão de empresas. Assim, através da pesquisa-ação em um caso prático real foi possível concluir que pode existir um fluxo macro que rege o desenvolvimento de uma startup, desde a descoberta da oportunidade, passando por sua estruturação, até sua formalização e debut ao mercado em que vai atuar, e que, além disso, é possível propor a junção de processos empreendedores e de inovação ao mesmo tempo. A simbiose entre fluxos de empreender e inovar em um caminho único conduz o novo empreendimento em uma direção onde o mesmo cumprirá etapas que o solidifiquem, sem esquecer que a inovação é um processo contínuo. / The main objective of this project was to analyze and organize two movements that coexist during the creation of a startup: entrepreneurship and innovation. Verifying whether the structuring of a startup (entrepreneurship) can be recognized as a process of innovation and an understanding of how the tools proposed within the theory for these two issues can converge for a single flow of actions. As such, considering the existing published work on the subject, and based upon a practical case, a framework is proposed that helps the startup organize itself on the two levels of organization and innovation. Therefore, by means of a qualitative exploratory-descriptive approach, a research-action was undertaken using the case of a Brazilian technology startup created by a group of post-graduate students. Along its trajectory the startup included new partners and executives with the aim of structuring and promoting a high level of innovation for the Brazilian digital retail market. By means of this approach, it was possible to analyze practically - as well as in great degree detail and depth - the two processes that took place concurrently: the evolution of the startup as a company, and the internal process of innovation for the launch of the products. In order for this practical process to be analyzed and transformed into a proposal for action in the form of a framework, the study of writings on the issue covers matters such as entrepreneurship, startups and innovation processes, as well as a number of tools used in the implementation and management of companies. Thus, by means of the research-action in a real practical case, it was possible to conclude that a macro-flow can exist which regulates the development of a startup (from the discovery of the opportunity, moving through the structuring, and on to its formalization and debut in the market in which it intends to operate) that can combine enterprise processes and innovation at the same time. The symbiosis between the entrepreneurship and innovation processes along a single path, guides the new enterprise through stages that firmly establish it, without forgetting that the innovation is an ongoing process.

A rede de Petri consiste numa poderosa ferramenta gráfica e matemática, que tem sido desenvolvida e aprimorada para a modelagem e análise de sistemas de eventos discretos. Uma das suas limitações é a profusão de elementos gráficos para modelos relativamente grandes. Algumas redes de Petri interpretadas consistem em propostas que visam sanar este tipo de problema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo implementar um framework de edição e análise gráfica de redes de Petri, a partir de técnicas de reutilização de código como padrões de projeto. Assim, foi proposto um software aberto que viabiliza o processo de contínuo desenvolvimento, promovendo a inclusão, reutilização e aperfeiçoamento de funcionalidades. Como resultado foi possível incorporar a edição de outros tipos de redes de Petri, principalmente as interpretadas, através da reutilização de funcionalidades matemáticas e de edição gráfica da rede de Petri Lugar/Transição. / The Petri net is a powerfuI graphical and mathematical tool, which has been developed and improved to the modeling and analysis of Discrete Event Systems. One of its limitations is the large profusion of graphic elements in complex models. Some interpreted Petri nets consist in proposals to solve this kind of limitation. This work\'s main goal is to implement a Petri net graphical editor and analyzer framework, using concepts of code reuse and design patterns. In this way, an open-software was proposed, which enables the continuous development process, providing the inclusion, reuse and improvement of functionalities. As a result, it was possible to incorporate the edition of some Petri net extensions, essentially the interpreted, through the reuse of mathematical and graphical edition functionalities of Place/Transition Petri net.

Nas últimas décadas, com o surgimento de grandes organizações de tecnologia da informação (TI) e a comoditização de produtos e serviços de TI, o mercado em geral percebeu a oportunidade de desenvolver novas soluções para seus clientes. Neste contexto, visando a criação de um ambiente de trabalho exploratório e orientado à inovação, a adoção de práticas mais modernas de gestão de TI tem chamado a atenção de executivos e ganhado espaço nas organizações. A TI bimodal caracteriza-se pelo uso de dois modelos de operação com propósitos distintos: 1) confiabilidade e; 2) agilidade. O presente estudo apresenta práticas de gestão de TI existentes no mercado orientados a estes diferentes modelos de operação. O objetivo do estudo é propor um framework de práticas de gestão de TI para TI Bimodal. São abordados os conceitos de Governança de TI, TI Bimodal, COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies), ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), Lean IT, DevOps, SCRUM e Project Model Canvas, servindo de base estrutural para o melhor entendimento do estudo O método qualitativo utilizado nesta pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, onde foram aplicadas 10 entrevistas com executivos de TI, pesquisa documental e observação participante em uma instituição financeira Cooperativa situada no Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado foi proposto um framework de práticas de gestão para TI bimodal contendo 11 elementos e 30 práticas relacionadas. O framework cobre um conjunto de práticas abrangentes o suficiente para auxiliar diferentes organizações que tenham interesse em atuar com mais de um modo de operação. / In the last decades, with the emergence of large organizations of information technology (IT) and the commoditization of IT products and services, the Market in general has perceived the opportunity to develop new solutions for their clients. In this context, aiming at the creation of an exploratory work environment and directed toward innovation, the adoption of more modern practices of IT management have caught the attention of executives and gained space in the organizations. The bimodal IT is characterized by two models of operation in place with distinct purposes: 1) Reliability and; 2) Agility. This study presents existing IT management practices in the market directed at different operation models of IT. The goal of the study is to propose a framework of IT management practices for Bimodal IT. The concepts of IT Governance, Bimodal IT, COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies), ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library), CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge), Lean IT, DevOps, SCRUM and Project Model Canvas, serve as the structural base for better comprehension of the study The qualitative method used for this research was the case study where 10 interviews were applied with IT executives, documental research and participant observation was carried out in a Cooperative financial institution situated in Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, a bimodal IT management practice framework containing 12 elements and 30 related practices was proposed. The framework covers a set of practices broad enough to help different organizations that have an interest in working with more than one mode of operation.

A rede de Petri consiste numa poderosa ferramenta gráfica e matemática, que tem sido desenvolvida e aprimorada para a modelagem e análise de sistemas de eventos discretos. Uma das suas limitações é a profusão de elementos gráficos para modelos relativamente grandes. Algumas redes de Petri interpretadas consistem em propostas que visam sanar este tipo de problema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo implementar um framework de edição e análise gráfica de redes de Petri, a partir de técnicas de reutilização de código como padrões de projeto. Assim, foi proposto um software aberto que viabiliza o processo de contínuo desenvolvimento, promovendo a inclusão, reutilização e aperfeiçoamento de funcionalidades. Como resultado foi possível incorporar a edição de outros tipos de redes de Petri, principalmente as interpretadas, através da reutilização de funcionalidades matemáticas e de edição gráfica da rede de Petri Lugar/Transição. / The Petri net is a powerfuI graphical and mathematical tool, which has been developed and improved to the modeling and analysis of Discrete Event Systems. One of its limitations is the large profusion of graphic elements in complex models. Some interpreted Petri nets consist in proposals to solve this kind of limitation. This work\'s main goal is to implement a Petri net graphical editor and analyzer framework, using concepts of code reuse and design patterns. In this way, an open-software was proposed, which enables the continuous development process, providing the inclusion, reuse and improvement of functionalities. As a result, it was possible to incorporate the edition of some Petri net extensions, essentially the interpreted, through the reuse of mathematical and graphical edition functionalities of Place/Transition Petri net.

Avec le développement des réseaux informatiques, principalement d'Internet, il devient de plus en plus facile de développer des applications dont l'exécution est répartie entre un ordinateur local, le client, et un ordinateur à distance (à une autre extrémité du canal de transmission), le serveur. Les progrès techniques de ces dernières années au niveau matériel ont rendu possible l'affichage en 3D (jeux, navigation cartographique, mondes virtuels) sur les mobiles. Cependant, l'exécution de ces applications complexes sur le terminal client est impossible, à moins de réduire la qualité des images affichées ou les besoins en calcul de l'application. Différentes solutions ont déjà été proposées dans la littérature mais aucune d'entre elles ne satisfait l'ensemble des besoins. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution alternative, c'est à dire une nouvelle architecture client-serveur dans laquelle l'interconnexion des dispositifs mobiles est complètement exploitée. Les principales conditions de mise en œuvre seront traitées: - Minimiser le trafic réseau - Réduire les besoins en puissance de calcul du terminal, et - Préserver l'expérience utilisateur par rapport à une exécution locale. Tout d'abord, un cadre formel est développé afin de définir et modéliser des applications graphiques 3D distribuées. Ensuite, une nouvelle architecture, permettant de dépasser certains inconvénients que l'on trouve dans des architectures de l'état de l'art, est présentée. La conception de la nouvelle architecture client-serveur est validée par l'implémentation d'un jeu et la mise œuvre de simulations. / With the development of the computer networks, mainly the Internet, it became easier to develop applications where the execution is shared between a local computer, the Client, and one located on the other side of the network communication channel, the Server. The hardware advancements in the recent years made it possible to display 3D graphics (games, map navigation, virtual worlds) on mobile devices. However, executing these complex applications on the client terminal is not possible without reducing the quality of the displayed graphics or lowering its processing requirements. Different solutions have already been proposed in academic publications; however none of them satisfies all requirements. The objective of this thesis is to propose an alternative solution for a new client-server architecture where the connectedness of the mobile devices is fully exploited. Several main requirements are addressed: - Minimize the network traffic, - Reduce the required computational power on the terminal, and - Preserve the user experience compared with local execution. First a formal framework is designed that can effectively define and model distributed applications for 3D graphics. Then a model of new architecture is presented, that overcomes the disadvantages of the architectures presented in the state of the art. The core of the architecture is the MPEG-4 standard, which is used to transfer the data between the server and the client in a compressed manner. The last part of explores the design of architectures optimized for running on mobile devices. The design of the new client-server architecture is validated by implementing a game and running simulations.

I Sverige är ramavtal ett effektivt och populärt upphandlingsinstrument. Ramavtalets syfte är att fastställda de villkor som ska gälla för framtida tilldelning av kontrakt och kan användas när en upphandlande myndighet med viss rimlighet kan förutse ett behov och vill planera inför framtida inköp. Ett ramavtal är flexibelt för en upphandlande myndighet eftersom ramavtalet inte måste fastställa en viss volym utan ska ange uppskattad volym om möjligt. Ett kontrakt i upphandlingsrättslig mening avser ett avtal som fastställer de ekonomiska villkoren för en fak-tisk anskaffning av upphandlingsföremålet. Enligt svensk rätt utgör ett kontrakt viss prestation mot viss ersättning. Vid upphandling av vissa avtal kan det vara svårt att utläsa huruvida avtalet utgör ett kontrakt eller ramavtal. Enligt kammarrättspraxis sker bedömningen av vilken typ av avtal som förelig-ger i två steg. Det första steget är att undersöka om avtalet utgör viss prestation mot viss ersätt-ning, det vill säga om den upphandlande myndigheten åtar sig att köpa viss kvantitet. I det andra steget görs bedömningen om åtagandet utgör det övervägande värdet i avtalet. Om åta-gandet utgör övervägande del föreligger ett kontrakt, annars föreligger ett ramavtal. Med an-ledning av att ramavtal i regel bara får löpa under fyra år kan upphandlingen behöva göras om ifall avtalet anger en längre löptid än tillåtet. Ett avtal där den upphandlande myndigheten inte fastställer hela volymen riskerar således att utgöra ett ramavtal enligt svensk rätt, trots att den upphandlande myndighetens syfte varit att upphandla ett kontrakt. Bedömningen av huruvida ett kontrakt föreligger kan kritiseras på grund av den svenska rättens snäva distinktion av vad som utgör ett ramavtal respektive kontrakt. Med anledning av att ramavtal finns i olika former finns det anledning till att kontraktbegreppet torde kunna vara vidare än vad svensk rätt ger uttryck för. Den svenska rättens uttryck för skillnaden mellan kontrakt och ramavtal behöver numer även ses i ljuset av nytt prejudikat från EU-domstolen. Domstolen fastställde att ett ramavtal måste ange vilken kvantitet som kan komma att bli aktuell beträffande de efterkommande tilldelning-arna av kontrakt. På grund av att volymen ska vara väl underbyggd inskränks ramavtalets flex-ibilitet och distinktionen mot ett kontrakt stramas åt. Domstolens avgörande ger snarare upphov till frågor än svar eftersom domen är oklar i flera avseenden. Domens tillämplighet i praktiken kan därför få konsekvenser för både ramavtalets möjligheter och begränsningar.