Flyktingkrisen i Europa har lett till nya politiska skiljelinjer och ökat högerextrema partiers väljarstöd. Medan en hög grad av exponering för flyktingar över tid ökar stödet för högerextrema partier har en direkt kontakt med flyktingar visats minska partiernas väljarstöd. Positiva möten har ökat kollektiva handlingar för att ge stöd åt en minoritetsgrupp medan negativa möten minskat dessa handlingar. Med bakgrund i värdedimensionen GAL/TAN har Allports kontakthypotes undersökts i denna kvantitativa enkätstudie. Kontakthypotesen har testats genom att undersöka positiva och negativa möten med flyktingar och deras samvariation med kollektiva handlingar. Handlingar för och emot flyktingar har likställts med en röst på ett invandringsvänligt respektive ett invandringskritiskt parti. Vänsterpartiet och Miljöpartiet har definierats som invandringsvänliga partier och Sverigedemokraterna som ett invandringskritiskt parti. Då lärare och poliser kontinuerligt möter flyktingar men på skilda premisser har de varit undersökningens analysenheter. Lärare förväntades ha positiva möten och ligga till vänster på GAL/TAN-skalan med en röst på ett invandringsvänligt parti, medan poliser förväntades uppleva negativt laddade möten och ligga till höger genom att rösta på ett invandringskritiskt parti. Resultaten visade att positiva möten samvarierade med en hög andel röster på Vänsterpartiet och Miljöpartiet medan negativt laddade möten samvarierade med ungefär lika hög andel röster på Sverigedemokraterna.

This study investigates colonial, independence, and postcolonial moments to identify different modes of self-fashioning in the Jamaican landscape. It also explores the ways collective and individual senses of self, identity and sovereignty are perceived between the late nineteenth and twenty-first centuries. I assert that political processes involved in consolidating official national identities problematically reproduced hierarchies and exclusions reminiscent of the colonial period in politically independent contexts. In this regard, the cultural landscape serves multivalent purposes of proving grounds for visions of Jamaican national identity, counter-hegemonic articulations of those excluded from or marginalized by official notions of Jamaican national identity, and spaces for the invention of non-traditional modes of self-representation. I critique early nationalist projects through an examination of Sylvia Wynter's The Hills of Hebron and discuss the ways unacknowledged or unconsciously retained European cosmological elements undermine the sovereign identity they sought to construct. I also examine Michael Thelwell's The Harder they Come, Sistren's Lionheart Gal and Don Lett's film Dancehall Queen to discuss the marginalization of the working poor that persists within the newly independent relations of political power, and illustrate the ways modes of cultural self-fashioning like the ruud bwoy, or community theater emerge as spaces for negotiating self, identity, survival, and self-determination among the working class. I argue that the independence context is marked by exclusionary politics that provoke the development of more individual modes of self-fashioning, that vary between men and women, and also provide sites for counter-hegemonic discourses in opposition to nationalized discourses. Moving beyond the traditional framework of community based on heteronormative models, I examine Patricia Powell's A Small Gathering of Bones and The Pagoda to consider how queer communities are marginalized in nationalized discourses. I critique self-identity and self-fashioning within non-normative sexual communities in an analysis that traces gender and sexuality as indices of exclusionary patterns that are reproduced within nationalized identities throughout the country's history. This discussion argues that there is an institutionalized complicity between politics, culture, and religion in sustaining colonial power relations far beyond the colonial context.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-06T19:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NoeliaSouzaDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 1054621 bytes, checksum: c141ee41bddb2804e99ffe1e2867bdad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-07T18:57:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NoeliaSouzaDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 1054621 bytes, checksum: c141ee41bddb2804e99ffe1e2867bdad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T18:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NoeliaSouzaDosSantos_TESE.pdf: 1054621 bytes, checksum: c141ee41bddb2804e99ffe1e2867bdad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A mat?ria escura ? uma quantidade fundamental da Cosmologia Moderna. A princ?pio, ela ? necess?ria para explicar o processo de forma??o das estruturas no Universo, a curva de rota??o das gal?xias e a discrep?ncia na massa dos aglomerados de gal?xias. Entretanto, apesar de muitos esfor?os realizados, em ambos os aspectos, te?rico e experimental, a natureza da mat?ria escura ? ainda desconhecida, e a ?nica evid?ncia convincente de sua exist?ncia ? gravitacional. Isso incita d?vidas sobre a exist?ncia da mat?ria escura, e por sua vez, sugere que a gravidade de Einstein precisa ser modificada em algumas escalas. Estudamos, neste trabalho, a possibilidade da gravidade modificada Eddington-Born-Infeld (EBI) fornecer uma explica??o alternativa para a discrep?ncia da massa dos aglomerados de gal?xias. Para esse prop?sito, derivamos as equa??es de campo de Einstein modificadas, e obtemos suas solu??es para um sistema esf?rico constitu?do de part?culas id?nticas acolisionais. Posteriormente, consideramos a equa??o de Boltzmann relativ?stica acolisional, e usando algumas aproxima??es e suposi??es no regime de campo fraco, derivamos o teorema do virial generalizado, na gravidade EBI. Para compararmos as predi??es da gravidade EBI com os dados observacionais, estimamos a ordem de magnitude da massa geom?trica de um aglomerado, e encontramos que ? compat?vel com as observa??es. Por fim, considerando que a densidade das gal?xias do aglomerado seja descrita por um perfil tipo lei de pot?ncia, derivamos o perfil de dispers?o das velocidades das gal?xias o qual pode ser usado para testar alguns aspectos da gravidade EBI. / Dark matter is a fundamental ingredient of the modern Cosmology. It is necessary in order to explain the process of structures formation in the Universe, rotation curves of galaxies and the mass discrepancy in clusters of galaxies. However, although many efforts, in both aspects, theoretical and experimental, have been made, the nature of dark matter is still unknown and the only convincing evidence for its existence is gravitational. This rises doubts about its existence and, in turn, opens the possibility that the Einstein?s gravity needs to be modified at some scale. We study, in this work, the possibility that the Eddington-Born-Infeld (EBI) modified gravity provides en alternative explanation for the mass discrepancy in clusters of galaxies. For this purpose we derive the modified Einstein field equations and find their solutions to a spherical system of identical and collisionless point particles. Then, we took into account the collisionless relativistic Boltzmann equation and using some approximations and assumptions for weak gravitational field, we derived the generalized virial theorem in the framework of EBI gravity. In order to compare the predictions of EBI gravity with astrophysical observations we estimated the order of magnitude of the geometric mass, showing that it is compatible with present observations. Finally, considering a power law for the density of galaxies in the cluster, we derived expressions for the radial velocity dispersion of the galaxies, which can be used for testing some features of the EBI gravity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucioMSA.pdf: 2934483 bytes, checksum: 64c307ca56cfeba54ce0eefe01c1f84b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The recent astronomical observations indicate that the universe has null spatial curvature, is accelerating and its matter-energy content is composed by circa 30% of matter (baryons + dark matter) and 70% of dark energy, a relativistic component with negative pressure. However, in order to built more realistic models it is necessary to consider the evolution of small density perturbations for explaining the richness of observed structures in the scale of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. The structure formation process was pioneering described by Press and Schechter (PS) in 1974, by means of the galaxy cluster mass function. The PS formalism establishes a Gaussian distribution for the primordial density perturbation field. Besides a serious normalization problem, such an approach does not explain the recent cluster X-ray data, and it is also in disagreement with the most up-to-date computational simulations. In this thesis, we discuss several applications of the nonextensive q-statistics (non-Gaussian), proposed in 1988 by C. Tsallis, with special emphasis in the cosmological process of the large structure formation. Initially, we investigate the statistics of the primordial fluctuation field of the density contrast, since the most recent data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) indicates a deviation from gaussianity. We assume that such deviations may be described by the nonextensive statistics, because it reduces to the Gaussian distribution in the limit of the free parameter q = 1, thereby allowing a direct comparison with the standard theory. We study its application for a galaxy cluster catalog based on the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (hereafter HIFLUGCS). We conclude that the standard Gaussian model applied to HIFLUGCS does not agree with the most recent data independently obtained by WMAP. Using the nonextensive statistics, we obtain values much more aligned with WMAP results. We also demonstrate that the Burr distribution corrects the normalization problem. The cluster mass function formalism was also investigated in the presence of the dark energy. In this case, constraints over several cosmic parameters was also obtained. The nonextensive statistics was implemented yet in 2 distinct problems: (i) the plasma probe and (ii) in the Bremsstrahlung radiation description (the primary radiation from X-ray clusters); a problem of considerable interest in astrophysics. In another line of development, by using supernova data and the gas mass fraction from galaxy clusters, we discuss a redshift variation of the equation of state parameter, by considering two distinct expansions. An interesting aspect of this work is that the results do not need a prior in the mass parameter, as usually occurs in analyzes involving only supernovae data.Finally, we obtain a new estimate of the Hubble parameter, through a joint analysis involving the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE), the X-ray data from galaxy clusters and the baryon acoustic oscillations. We show that the degeneracy of the observational data with respect to the mass parameter is broken when the signature of the baryon acoustic oscillations as given by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) catalog is considered. Our analysis, based on the SZE/X-ray data for a sample of 25 galaxy clusters with triaxial morphology, yields a Hubble parameter in good agreement with the independent studies, provided by the Hubble Space Telescope project and the recent estimates of the WMAP / As recentes observa??es astron?micas indicam que o universo tem curvatura espacial nula, expande aceleradamente e seu conte?do de mat?ria-energia ? composto por cerca de 30% de mat?ria (b?rions + mat?ria escura) e 70% de energia escura, uma componente relativ?stica com press?o negativa. No entanto, para construir modelos ainda mais real?sticos do universo, ? necess?rio considerar a evolu??o de pequenas perturba??es de densidade sob a??o da gravidade, a fim de explicar a riqueza de estruturas observadas na escala de gal?xias e aglomerados de gal?xias. O processo de forma??o de estruturas foi pioneiramente descrito por Press e Schechter (PS) em 1974, atrav?s da fun??o de massa dos aglomerados de gal?xias. O formalismo PS pressup?e uma distribui??o gaussiana para o campo primordial das perturba??es de densidade. Al?m de um s?rio problema de normaliza??o, tal abordagem n?o explica os atuais dados de raios-X dos aglomerados, e est? em desacordo com as modernas simula??es computacionais. Nesta tese, discutimos diversas aplica??es da q-estat?stica n?o extensiva (n?o gaussiana) proposta em 1988 por C. Tsallis, com especial ?nfase para o processo cosmol?gico de forma??o das grandes estruturas. Inicialmente, investigamos a estat?stica do campo de flutua??es dos contrastes de densidade primordiais, j? que os dados mais recentes do Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) indicam um desvio da gaussianidade. Assumimos que tais desvios podem ser descritos pela estat?stica n?o extensiva, pois ela se reduz ? distribui??o gaussiana, no limite do par?metro livre q = 1, o que permite uma compara??o direta com a teoria padr?o. Estudamos sua aplica??o para um cat?logo de aglomerados gal?ticos baseado no ROSAT All-Sky Survey (doravante nomeado como HIFLUGCS). Concluimos que o modelo gaussiano padr?o aplicado ao HIFLUGCS n?o corrobora os dados mais recentes obtidos de forma independente pelo WMAP. Utilizando a estat?stica n?o extensiva obtemos valores bem mais compat?veis com os resultados do WMAP. Demonstramos tamb?m que a distribui??o de Burr corrige o problema da normaliza??o. O formalismo da fun??o de massa dos aglomerados foi tamb?m investigado na presen?a da energia escura. Neste caso, limites sobre os mais diversos par?metros c?smicos foram tamb?m obtidos. A estat?stica n?o extensiva foi ainda implementada em 2 problemas distintos: (i) a sonda de plasma e (ii) na descri??o da radia??o de Bremsstrahlung (a radia??o prim?ria dos aglomerados de raio-X); um problema de consider?vel interesse astrof?sico. Numa outra linha de desenvolvimento, utilizando dados de supernovas e fra??o de massa do g?s em aglomerados, discutimos a varia??o do par?metro da equa??o de estado da energia escura, considerando 2 expans?es distintas. Um aspecto interessante desse trabalho ? que os resultados n?o necessitam de um prior no par?metro de massa, como ocorre usualmente nas an?lises envolvendo apenas os dados de supernovas. Finalmente, fazemos uma nova estimativa do par?metro de Hubble, atrav?s de uma an?lise conjunta envolvendo o efeito Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZE), o espectro de raios-X de aglomerados e as oscila??es ac?sticas dos b?rions. Mostramos que a degeneresc?ncia dos dados observacionais em rela??o a ? quebrada quando incluimos a assinatura das oscila??es ac?sticas dos b?rions, dada pelo cat?logo do Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Nossa an?lise, baseada nos dados de SZE/raios-X para uma amostra de 25 aglomerados com morfologia triaxial, deriva um par?metro de Hubble em bom acordo com estudos independentes do projeto Hubble Space Telescope e as recentes estimativas do WMAP

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T18:23:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoSergioDosPrazeres_TESE.pdf: 3591303 bytes, checksum: 00708b60f21c5b815365eadab25c983f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-10T00:16:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoSergioDosPrazeres_TESE.pdf: 3591303 bytes, checksum: 00708b60f21c5b815365eadab25c983f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T00:16:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoSergioDosPrazeres_TESE.pdf: 3591303 bytes, checksum: 00708b60f21c5b815365eadab25c983f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa consiste na realiza??o de uma esp?cie de roteiro de leitura do livro Gal?xias, de autoria do poeta, cr?tico e tradutor brasileiro Haroldo de Campos, com base nos pressupostos conceituais do barroco hist?rico e trans-hist?rico. Prop?e-se, deste modo, um poss?vel mapeamento das refer?ncias que engendram pequenas est?rias em rota??o pelas p?ginas gal?ticas, visando proporcionar ao leitor uma modalidade de guia que possa incitar tanto mais a frui??o da referida obra. Para tal empresa, buscou-se assinalar as marcas expressivas que definem a po?tica haroldiana como singular pr?tica barroca na modernidade, investigando em sua obra as conex?es tecidas com o Barroco, a fim de verificar os modos operacionais empregados pelo Poeta no seu exerc?cio de tradu??o das tradi??es liter?rias. Gal?xias, a nosso ver, constitui este projeto po?tico de alta voltagem barroca, am?lgama de recursos criativos i?ados da mais rica tradi??o liter?ria, nacional e estrangeira, e processados antropofagicamente nas sendas da produ??o art?stico-liter?ria contempor?nea. Publicado pela primeira vez em 1984, contendo cinquenta p?ginas-fragmentos, o livro de Haroldo de Campos surge para, dentre outros fins, suscitar o entrecruzar de g?neros liter?rios, como a prosa e a poesia; dissolver as fronteiras entre a cor local e a dic??o alheia; transfundir tradi??o e modernidade; fundir arte e ideologia; mixar fato e fantasia; remixar forma e conte?do, superpor significado e significante. Todos estes procedimentos liter?rios, intersemiotizados, promovem uma caleidosc?pica tessitura verbal que empreende, nas palavras do autor, ?a viagem como livro e o livro como viagem? (CAMPOS, 2004, p. 119). Viagem esta, urdida por uma rede intertextual e par?dica, dada a ver atrav?s de inventivos recursos fono-pros?dicos, donde sobressaltam alitera??es, anagramas, paronom?sias e trocadilhos, desenhando no curso gal?tico sibilantes e sinuosas imagens que reivindicam a l?dica co-participa??o do leitor para a frui??o plena da leitura. Isto posto, nosso roteiro de leitura empenha-se sobretudo na tentativa de amplificar os ecos das constru??es ?picas e epif?nicas que transitam pelas p?ginas da obra, que ora velam, ora revelam pequenas est?rias que, por um instante apreendidas, podem descortinar outras tantas est?rias e, com isso, tornar a leitura ainda mais prazerosa. O fim primeiro das Gal?xias, assim entendemos, n?o ter? sido outro sen?o o da fecunda??o do gosto pela leitura. Da?, nosso roteiro de leitura: fecundar no leitor o gosto pelas leituras gal?ticas, tal qual a leitura das Gal?xias de Haroldo de Campos. / This investigation consists in the proposition of a kind of reading guideline for the book Gal?xias (Galaxies, in a free translation), written by the Brazilian poet, reviewer and translator Haroldo de Campos, based on the conceptual tenets of the historical and transhistorical baroque. Thus, a possible mapping of the references, which generates little rotating stories over the ?galactic? pages, is proposed, aiming at providing the reader with a kind of guideline that encourages him or her to go deeper into the book fruition. For that purpose, the expressive marks that define the haroldian poetry as singular baroque practice in modernity was searched for, by means of investigating, in his poetic work, the connections interlaced with the Baroque, in order to check the operative ways the author dealt with in his translation of the literary traditions. Gal?xias, in my opinion, is a baroque high voltage poetic project that blends creative resources extracted from the richest national and foreign literary tradition, processed anthropophagically in the ways of the contemporary artistic production. Published by the first time in 1984, with fifty pages, the Haroldo de Campos? book comes out for, among other purposes, prompting the literary genres interlace, as prose and poetry; dissolving the boundaries between local color and alien diction; transfusing tradition and modernity; melting art and ideology; mixing fact and fantasy; remixing form and content, superposing signified and signifier. All these literary proceedings, intersemioticized, promote a kaleidoscopic verbal weave, which undertakes, in the author?s words, ?the travel as a book and the book as a travel? (CAMPOS, 2004, p. 119, my translation). This travel, is achieved by means of an intertextual and parodic net, made known through inventive phono-prosodic resources, in which alliterations, anagrams, paronomasias and wordplays come forth, drawing on the galactic path, sibilant and sinuous images that claim the reader?s ludic copartnership for full reading fruition. Having said that, our reading guideline is chiefly focused on the attempt to amplify the construction of the epic and epiphanic echoes that transit by the work pages, and these echoes both veil and unveil little stories that, once digested, might uncover many other stories and, thus, make reading even more pleasing. The main aim of Gal?xias, I think, is no other than to encourage a liking for reading. The same goes for our reading guideline: to back up the reader to enjoy the galactic reading, just like the reading of Haroldo de Campos? Gal?xias.

The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent skeptical attitudes towards the European Union is driven by materialistic-, postmaterialist values and populism in different parts of Europe. To achieve this aim, the study is based on multivariate regression analysis with data utilized from the European Social survey 2014. The findings show that cultural questions associated with TAN values, such as a nationalistic resistance towards immigration, have the best ability to predict EU-skepticism over economic questions related with a subjective placement on the political left-right scale, or populism associated with a lack of trust in the state of political governance. These findings suggest that the subjective left-right scale do not structure attitudes toward the European Union to a great extent. Instead, the results of this study are in line with scholars that argue that the TAN-GAL scale as well as populism have grown in importance, as these axes of competition are both more linked with opinions on EU. These results hold for all regions in Europe that are examined in this study, although particular strong effects are found in Germany, where populism and TAN values shape attitudes towards EU to the greatest extent.

A semi-systematic literature review of research carried out on the evolution of the concept of Euroscepticism since the term first was reportedly used in 1986 with special focus on articles published around the year before the 2019 European Parliament elections and to this date. The thesis was conducted with a particular interest in gathering more knowledge on using an evidence-based method in political science. The purpose was twofold, therefore: one to see how the concept itself has evolved in research, in terms of definition and salience as well as in terms of measuring and explanatory factors, and the other to see if the method used is appropriate to this purpose. From the data gathered, it can be said that the method is pertinent and relevant when assembling research from a widespread and multifaceted area in terms of geography and content, since it is meant to avoid the pitfalls of ‘picking and choosing’ data. The articles thus uncovered have shown that there is a red thread in research on Euroscepticism, that its context has changed and therefore its content, and that Euroscepticism 2020 is a salient issue.

No description available.

This thesis aims to contribute to the study of how established political parties deal with an increasingly popular radical right parties, focusing on the case of Sweden and the Sweden Democrats (SD). Swedish parties have had a different approach compared to established parties in other European countries, when being challenged by the radical right. The trend has been that the major parties have formed government with support of the radical right and also adapting some of their political positions, in order to regain lost voters. Although, in the case of Sweden, the initial strategy of the major parties was to distance themselves from SD:s policies, while also making efforts to isolate them from positions of power and minimizing their influence in all levels of government.  Anders Backlund (2020) has studied the case of Sweden and argues, with the use of the modified spatial theory (Meguid 2008), that the initially rejective strategy of the major parties towards SD, might have forced them to adapt their policies to a large extent further down the line. The thesis explores Sweden as a least-likely case for a theory-testing purpose. Through the means of a combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis the election manifestos from all parliamentary parties in Sweden, from the last five elections are being analyzed. The thesis tries to explain to what extent, and in what manner, the parliamentary parties have adapted their policies to those of SD – and furthermore, to what degree these adaptations can be explained in terms of the strategic pursuit of votes.  The Sweden Democrats are placed far out on the TAN-scale, on the socio-cultural political conflict dimension GAL-TAN – where TAN stands for Tradition, Authoritarianism and Nationalism. Therefore, the extent to which the remaining parties have included policies related to TAN in their election manifestos is examined. The result shows that most parties in Sweden increasingly have included policies related to TAN in their election manifestos for the more recent elections – hence showing an adaptation to both SD:s policy suggestions and their way to formulate issues. Especially the parties that have been shown to lose particularly many voters to SD, but also the parties that are not competing for their votes to any bigger extent, exhibit a political conformity in the direction of SD.  The thesis strengthens the modified spatial theory by highlighting how Swedish parties swiftly have modified their strategy of handling SD – from initial rejection, to adaptation of rhetoric and policy. The thesis further contributes a few theoretical adjustments, to more fully explain how all major Swedish parties have managed their strategies when facing the increasing popularity of SD.

No description available.