Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T11:04:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8719_a publicidade em outdoor nas ruas de vitoria a cidade como espaco de educacao.pdf: 2807930 bytes, checksum: 6717eb6106c6a28a7bb0be3c793554d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-07 / Objetiva trazer à tona, a partir da análise da publicidade em outdoor veiculada em duas avenidas de grande movimento na cidade de Vitória, narrativas que circulam mais intensamente na sociedade contemporânea e, assim, educam a sociedade. Por outro lado, busca compreender, também, as relações travadas entre os sujeitos e a publicidade em outdoor, intencionando, então, verificar se e como a publicidade afeta os sujeitos, se e como educa os sujeitos, bem como os usos que as pessoas que circulam pelo espaço estudado fazem dela. O referencial teórico abarca discussões sobre consumo, a partir de Bauman (2001, 2008), Certeau (1999), entre outros autores; dedica-se ao debate sobre a publicidade em outdoor, tendo com suporte os estudos de Pinheiro e Sabadin (1990); discorre sobre a teoria semiótica, recuperando o conceitual desenvolvido por Fiorin (2011), Barros (2010) e, sobretudo, por Landowski (2002, 2004), pesquisador que contribui, também, para reflexão sobre a possibilidade de análises por meio do encadeamento entre publicidades, formando, pois, uma sequência. Por fim, o debate sobre a educação do sensível e do inteligível é sustentado, especialmente, em Greimas (2002). Tratase de um estudo descritivo e explicativo que reúne tanto análise documental quanto pesquisa de campo. Os documentos em questão são as publicidades em outdoor, registradas por meio de fotografia, mensalmente, no período entre julho de 2012 e janeiro de 2014. A pesquisa de campo se volta para a conversação com quem faz uso de, ao menos, uma das vias e, com isso, destina-se a compreender as relações travadas entre os sujeitos e as placas de outdoor.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Landscape Architecture)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / M(Landscape Architecture) / unrestricted

Maintenance of public welfare is the function of the public sector. It is the duty of a government to do whatever is conducive to the welfare of the governed. It is the assumption of this study that as recreation is conducive to human well-being, it is the responsibility of government to provide each citizen with the opportunity of a diversity and variety of recreative pursuits. The substitution of automation and advanced technology for human powers and the subsequent gains in productivity have created an affluent society. Never before has man had greater prospects for a higher income, increased longevity, greater mobility and shorter working hours. By means of the rationalization of work, man's role in society will increasingly be sustained through recreative pursuits. Because of man's increased ability and need to participate in recreation, it has been estimated that the demand for recreation, and outdoor recreation in particular, will increase substantially. As a result of rising competition amongst all land uses and concurrent with an increase in demand for outdoor recreation there is a decreasing supply of recreation resources. The underlying purpose of this study was to ascertain what provisions society can make in order to ensure that outdoor recreation amenities will be available to all. In particular, this study sought to define the inadequacy of present policy in light of an increasing demand, and by means of a case study, to determine whether integration of recreation into the environment could represent an aspect of a new policy. The study results clearly uphold the following hypothesis: That the policy concerning the provision of opportunity for outdoor recreation has failed to recognize the dynamics of the supply and demand for outdoor recreation; new policy is indicated, one aspect of which, would be the Integration of recreation into the environment. The case study was focused upon the needs of the citizens of Vancouver and a trail system was conceived as being an instrument of a new policy. It was found that outdoor recreation could be compatible with other land uses. Land in the form of utility rights-of-way represents a recreation potential that could be used not only for the development of a trail system but also as a system serving to connect the major parks. A study of the function of outdoor recreation revealed that recreation is a continuous activity and therefore it is not logical to conceive of it as occurring only in a designated site. Recreation must be a feature of the environment especially as available land for recreation within the urban area is limited and thus a comprehensive approach towards its provision is required. This approach would necessitate the co-operation of all levels of government and the development of the recreation potential in all land uses. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Relatively little research exists on the life significance of outdoor education (OE) programs and courses. There is increasing interest in the OE field to move beyond simply focusing on program-specific outcomes to developing more evidence-based models that analyze the influence of specific mechanisms of change. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the significant life effect of a university OE course upon participants after the course, including the effect of the course upon participants’ intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental relationships. The present investigation was a two part qualitative-quantitative study. The overarching research question was: What is the perceived life significance of a university undergraduate OE course? The current study involved in-depth interviews with a purposive intensity sample of 17 University of Ottawa alumni who had taken one of the university’s OE courses more than 20 years ago, followed by a web-based survey questionnaire completed by 46 University of Ottawa alumni and students who had taken one of the university’s OE courses between 1975 and 2009. Some of the survey participants had taken both the summer and winter OE courses offered by the University of Ottawa so there was a total of 65 separate course responses in the quantitative study. The findings from this study suggested that the OE course led to development of interpersonal skills, self-discovery, environmental impacts, leisure style change, and increased outdoor knowledge and skills amongst the participants. The idea that this outdoor knowledge and skills was transferred to others (e.g., students and children) also emerged from the data. In addition, in some instances participants expressed the idea that the OE course helped confirm or reinforce already-held beliefs about the outdoors. It is hopeful that the current findings can contribute to OE professional practice and demonstrate the need for OE in university settings.

The attitude toward the problem of resource utilization at any level is tied philosophically to the man and nature relationship which has developed over a long period of time. Two recurring elements within this theme are, first, the idea that man conquers nature and, second, the common concept of man as something apart, or above, or outside of the rest of the natural world. In North America these ideas, carried to extremes, resulted in a plundering or rape of natural resources. The conservation movement developed as a reaction against such wanton destruction. Among those propounding the conservation ethic were also advocates of national parks and nature reserves. The park movement received its initial impetus from within the city itself. Its supporters felt that large green spaces should be maintained for the benefit of the urban dwellers living in the burgeoning industrial cities. The present rapidly expanding demand for outdoor recreation had its beginnings in such a way less than one hundred years ago. Four main factors, all presently increasing are contributing to this demand. They are population, mobility, leisure time, and disposable income. While it is not the only aspect of mobility, the automobile has done much to expand the radius of travel of the prospective recreationist. Since the natural environment is the locale in which the outdoor recreation experience is satisfied it is logical to consider what effect the increased demand is having on it. It appears that the quality of the recreational experience is to large degree dependent on the quality of the environment in which it is fulfilled. A high quality site may deteriorate if too many people frequent it at the same time or over a particular period of time. Ecology is the branch of biological science that is concerned with the relationships of all living things to each other and with the non-living elements of the environment. The understanding of these relationships is a necessary precondition to development of any kind. In the narrower context of this study, the proposed hypothesis is that ecology is a basic factor to be considered in planning for outdoor recreation. By outlining some principles and concepts of ecology and relating these specifically to a particular ecosystem; a wetland, the concept of an ecological point of view as a basis for planning has been explained. Supporting evidence, in the form of actual examples, has been drawn upon from a wide range of developments. The work of three men, Angus Hills, Philip Lewis, and Ian McHarg is also analyzed in respect to their proposed solutions to the problems of resource analysis from an ecologically based approach, William J. Hart has also used this approach in park planning and Artur Glikson utilizes biological information as an intrinsic element of his philosophy of regional planning. One of the first attempts in this field, reviewed here, is that of E. H. Graham who proposed a natural basis for land use. The hypothesis would largely seem to be substantiated by the evidence presented. Ecological information should certainly be part of the input in the planning process. However, what is clear is that in the past and to a large extent even today, this has not been the case. Most of the examples used to Illustrate particular points are negative, that is, cases of ecological information being ignored with the result that a resource was either degraded or destroyed. Few examples have been found to support the positive position. This study was limited to a review of existing literature. The topic, however, warrants further investigation by either experimental or survey methods or in the review of the historical record of a particular case from the ecological point of view. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

School camping and outdoor education is a new movement in education which seems to have an increasing number of advocates. A few schools over a period of years have recognized the possibilities of camping and outdoor education for vitalizing the school curriculum. These schools have pioneered in this field, offering various types of outdoor experiences for their students. An increasing number of schools in widely scattered areas of the United States are following their lead and setting up outdoor programs as part of their school experiences. In the several towns and cities where camping and outdoor education have been made a part of the educational program teachers, parents, and administrators agree that both educationally and financially, the effort, time, and expenditure of funds have been justified. / "August, 1950." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: M. R. Hinson, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-59).

A dissertation submitted in fullfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1996. / Modern life is often accompanied by severe physical, intellectual and emotional stress as people battle to survive. Recreation activities provide people with an outlet to release this stress. In the past few years a great deal of attention was focused in the way people spent their leisure time. This study focuses on outdoor motorised recreation pursuits in the Lower Umfolozi and Hlabisa Districts of KwaZulu-Natal as one of the ways in which leisure time can be spent. Motorised recreation, which covers the use of various machines such as motor¬cars, caravans, campers, trailers, beach-buggies, motor- cycles, beach tricycles, and motor-boats, is one of the recreation facilities that has been either ignored or overlooked. Basically, this was because of the disparities in the provision of recreation facilities and resources in general. Motorised recreation has therefore over the past years been regarded as an "elitist" activity that could only be taken advantage of by a few who could afford and also who "by right" could utilise those facilities. The fundamental aims of the study are to: (a) investigate the socio-economic demographic characteristics of recreators who participate in motor-related outdoor recreation activities with a view of making a contribution towards effective planning and provision of recreation resources. The resources that are provided should be those that are required by the target community and those that will satisfy the needs of the group they are intended for; (b) examine the various physical facilities existing in the study area for motor-related recreation activities. During the planning phase it is important to know what is available and what should be upgraded, improved or substituted; and (c) reveal the attitudes of the recreators, managers of recreation facilities as well as the people who live around the recreation facilities. Before embarking on the task of providing the recreation facilities it is very important to know the attitudes of people who will be using the facilities. Some of the hypotheses that were postulated for this study are: (a) Participation in motorised recreation activities varies in terms of the major demographic variables. (b) The majority of recreators who participate in motorised recreation are Whites. (c) The recreators, managers and local people have a positive attitude towards motorised recreation activities. (d) Car ownership is a prerequisite for participating in motorised recreation activities. Data for this study was gathered through the use of questionnaires which were distributed to the respondents as well as using the person-to-person interviews. The respondents included recreators who were participating in motorised recreation activities, the managers of the recreation facilities and local people who stay around the recreation facilities. The main findings of the study revealed that whilst the respondents have a positive attitude towards motorised recreation, Whites still seem to form the largest percentage of recreators who participate in this pursuit. Findings reveal that this situation has a bearing on the history of South Africa which deprived Africans of motorised recreation experience. There was also lack of knowledge about motorised recreation which is necessary as a foundation for the formation of attitudes towards recreation. Education and income featured prominently as factors that have an impact on the rate of participation in motorised recreation activities. It was found that recreators need cars to participate and benefit fully in motorised recreation activities and this was lacking. Education was seen as a stepping stone towards the acquisition of skills and capacity to acquire facilities for participation in recreation activities. This study has serious implications for planning and management of recreation facilities in the Lower Umfolozi and Hlabisa Districts. The awareness programmes seem to be of primary importance, to conscientise Africans about the availability of the resources that can be used for motorised recreation facilities. Accessibility, in terms of finance, should also be looked into if all people are to be given equal opportunities to participate in motorised recreation activities. Unlike other forms of outdoor recreation activities, motorised recreation depends on the use of a motor machine to participate fully, therefore a vehicle is a necessity. Facilities can therefore be provided after having taken serious consideration of the above factors. / University of Zululand

To estimate the contribution of outdoor recreation on rural property sales in Mississippi, information was collected from lenders and appraisers associated with the Federal Land Bank, Mossy Oak Properties, and Rutledge Investment Company on properties sold from 2003-2008 in three regions of Mississippi: Mississippi Delta/Hills Region, North Mississippi Region and South Mississippi Region. Property sales information was collected on 102,747 hectares (ha) of rural properties valued at $475.1 million. Hedonic regression analysis was used to quantify the contribution of outdoor recreation on Total Sale Value (TSV). Outdoor recreation contributed $160.6 million of the TSV. Forests comprised 71% of land coverage statewide. Attributes that were related to TSV statewide were row crop lands, bottomland hardwood forests, mixed pine-hardwood forests, planted pine forests, pasture/fallow fields, natural pine forests, upland hardwood forests, cutover woodland forests, and overnight sleeping quarters. Attributes related to TSV varied across the three regions. Statewide, hunting was expected to be conducted on at least 96% of the properties sold. In the Mississippi Delta/Hills Region, outdoor recreation contributed the greatest percent increase in land value (55.4%) and properties leased for a greater value ($58.70 per ha). Information provided by this study will encourage rural property owners to justify enhancements of wildlife habitats, provide recreational opportunities, and enhance their income. Rural land appraisers will use the information to appraise lands more accurately, and resource and regulatory agencies will use it to protect wetlands and other sensitive lands or mitigate for adverse impacts.

The purpose of the study is to find out what experience of outdoor activities, known as friluftsliv  in Sweden, pupils have and shed light on the perceptions they have about outdoor living. The study is based on focus group interviews with a total of ten guys in the seventh grade in primary school. The interviews were filmed, transcribed and analyzed by the writer. The starting point of this study is that friluftsliv is a culturally created phenomenon and the theoretical perspective is based on Bourdieu's famous concept: Capital, field, habitus and taste. All the students had positive experiences of being in the outdoors. Some used outdoor activities as a method for training. Many of the students experienced outdoor living and the experience of being in the nature as an end in itself. The socio-economic background maybe played some role in their taste and experience of some outdoor activities. Some students felt that outdoor activities can be a way to learn things about nature and that it was important to pass on that knowledge to their children. Students' experiences in outdoor activities at school consisted mostly of orienteering and a lack of other outdoor activities emerged. It´s important as a teacher to start from the pupils' previous experience to create an enjoyable learning. According to the author, there are good opportunities for these students to embrace the teaching of friluftliv based on experiential learning out in the wild. / Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vad elever i grundskolans äldre årskurser har för erfarenheter och hur deras upplevelser inom ämnet friluftsliv ser ut. Med utgångspunkt i frågeställningen så gjordes två fokusgruppintervjuer med totalt tio pojkar i årkurs 7. Intervjuerna filmades, transkriberades och innehållsanalyserades av uppsatsens författare. Utgångspunkten i arbetet är att friluftsliv är en kulturellt skapad företeelse och det teoretiska perspektivet bygger på Bourdieus nyckelbegrepp: Kapital, fält, habitus och smak. Eleverna hade positiva upplevelser och erfarenheter av att var ute i naturen.Några använde sig av friluftsaktiviter som en metod för träning. De flesta eleverna såg även naturupplevelsen som härlig och ett mål i sig.Elevernas kulturella och socioekonomiska bakgrund spelade möjligtvis en viss roll för deras smak och erfarenhet av vissa friluftsaktiviteter.Några elever ansåg att friluftsliv kan vara ett sätt att lära sig saker om naturen och att det var viktigt att föra vidare den kunskapen till sina barn.Elevernas erfarenheter av friluftsliv i skolan bestod mest av orientering och en saknad av andra friluftsaktiviteter framkom. Som lärare är det viktigt att utgå från elevernas tidigare erfarenheter för att kunna skapa ett lustfyllt lärande. Dessa elever hade enligt författaren goda förutsättningar att ta till sig undervisning i friluftliv som grundar sig i ett mer upplevelsebaserat lärande i naturen.

This research explores the notion of outdoor leadership preparation in the context of the emerging outdoor profession in Australia. It explores the nature of outdoor leadership from a number of viewpoints and its relationship to the broader context. The research examines relevant literature through issue-based themes relating to an emerging paradigm, leadership, preparation, recognition and professionalisation. These themes are problematised in the context of the emerging outdoor profession. Issues of appropriate preparation pathways and the models of learning characteristic of each pathway are discussed throughout this research. The results of a mapping exercise covering outdoor leadership preparation courses offered throughout Australia in 2002 are used in conjunction with the contextual aspects to generate grounded mini-theories relating to the topic. This study uses a cross-sectional analysis of this data and by using descriptive statistics highlights the dominance of the learning pathways that offer a competencybased framework for learning leadership skills. The results are discussed in relation to both the current context and the literature. The argument that develops throughout the research is for a reconceptualisation of the learning pathways for outdoor leadership preparation in Australia, in light of the emerging professionalisation of the outdoor industry. Recommendations for changes to the currently accepted entry pathways into the emerging profession are discussed, as are the areas for further research.