This paper treats changes of the literacy concept. It presents five most important conceptual frameworks, such as literacy rate, functional literacy, Freirean framework, New literacy studies and literacies of information. Literacy can be defined as the ability to read and write, as a set of basic skills or as competencies. Because of OECD's influence, the functional literacy concept is the most powerful one. Literacy involves a continuum and is oriented mostly towards economical outputs. Influence of OECD is supported by the international surveys IALS, ALL, PIAAC, PISA and LAMP. The surveys TIMSS and PIRLS organized by IEA are influential as well. This paper summarizes the most important critical reviews to the OECD's methodology and to the interpretation of the results. It also comments current activities of OECD, UNESCO and European union. Based on the socio- cultural framework, it brings in several recommendations how states and organizations could approach literacy and its assessment. The paper relies on the documents of UNESCO, OECD, IEA, the World Bank, the European union and on the published works of foreign and local experts.

This report collects selected outstanding scientific and technological results obtained within the frame of the European project "FLASiC" (Flash LAmp Supported Deposition of 3C-SiC) but also other work performed in adjacent fields. Goal of the project was the production of large-area epitaxial 3C-SiC layers grown on Si, where in an early stage of SiC deposition the SiC/Si interface is rigorously improved by energetic electromagnetic radiation from purpose-built flash lamp equipment developed at Forschungszentrum Rossendorf. Background of this work is the challenging task for areas like microelectronics, biotechnology, or biomedicine to meet the growing demands for high-quality electronic sensors to work at high temperatures and under extreme environmental conditions. First results in continuation of the project work – for example, the deposition of the topical semiconductor material zinc oxide (ZnO) on epitaxial 3C-SiC/Si layers – are reported too.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis presents an electronic ballast prototype to supply high-pressure sodium lamps used in public lighting. The goal is to develop a commercial approach able to replace the still commonly used electromagnetic ballasts, performing improvements in the public lighting system. Along this thesis, the state of art in lighting area is presented, especially in public lighting. Following, a bibliographic review about electronic ballasts to supply highpressure sodium lamps is done. Special attention is given to the low frequency square waveform supplying method, which is used in this thesis. Also, the features desired in electronic ballasts so they can operate the lamp reliably and according to the standards are discussed. From this review, the proposed topology is defined and its design is presented. A discrete control method is developed to guarantee the safe operation of the ballast during all lamp stages. A microcontroller is used to perform the control routines. Finally, experimental results are obtained, validating the proposed work. / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de sistematização do projeto de um reator eletrônico para alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio em alta pressão, para aplicação em iluminação pública. Com isto, pretende-se criar um dispositivo que venha a substituir os reatores eletromagnéticos, ainda comumente utilizados nesta aplicação, de modo a proporcionar melhorias nos atuais sistemas de iluminação pública. Ao longo deste trabalho, é feita uma revisão do estado da arte na área de iluminação, dando ênfase à iluminação pública. Em seguida, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos métodos de alimentação de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio a partir de reatores eletrônicos, destacando-se a alimentação deste tipo de lâmpada com forma de onda quadrada em baixa freqüência, método utilizado neste trabalho. Também são discutidas as características que um reator eletrônico deve possuir para enquadrar-se nas normas vigentes e alimentar a lâmpada de forma confiável. A partir desta revisão, a topologia proposta é definida e seu projeto é apresentado. Uma metodologia de controle discreto é desenvolvida de forma a garantir a operação adequada do reator durante todas as etapas de funcionamento da lâmpada. Um microcontrolador é utilizado para executar as rotinas de controle. Finalmente, resultados experimentais são obtidos, de forma a validar o trabalho proposto.

Virtualization is a technique used to abstract the operating system from the hardware. The primary gains of virtualization is increased server consolidation, leading to greater hardware utilization and infrastructure manageability. Another technology that can be used to achieve similar goals is containerization. Containerization is an operating-system level virtualization technique which allows applications to run in partial isolation on the same hardware. Containerized applications share the same Linux kernel but run in packaged containers which includes just enough binaries and libraries for the application to function. In recent years it has become more common to see hardware virtualization beneath the container host operating systems. An upcoming technology to further this development is VMware’s vSphere Integrated Containers which aims to integrate management of Linux Containers with the vSphere (a hardware virtualization platform by VMware) management interface. With these technologies as background we set out to measure the impact of hardware virtualization on Linux Container performance by running a suite of macro-benchmarks on a LAMP-application stack. We perform the macro-benchmarks on three different operating systems (CentOS, CoreOS and Photon OS) in order to see if the choice of container host affects the performance. Our results show a decrease in performance when comparing a hardware virtualized container host to a container hosts running directly on the hardware. However, the impact on containerized application performance can vary depending on the actual application, the choice of operating system and even the type of operation performed. It is therefore important to consider these three items before implementing container hosts as virtual machines.

Die Temperung mittels Xenon-Blitzlampen (Flash Lamp Annealing - FLA) ist ein Kurzzeittemperverfahren mit Pulszeiten im Bereich von Millisekunden, bei dem nur die Oberfläche eines Substrats erhitzt wird. Durch die Blitzlampentemperung kann der Schichtwiderstand von tansparenten leitfähigen Oxidschichten reduziert und die Transmission im sichtbaren Licht erhöht werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde dies am Beispiel von Indium-Zinn-Oxid (ITO), Indium-Zink-Oxid (IZO) und aluminiumdotiertem Zinkoxid (AZO) gezeigt. Es wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss verschiedene Prozessparameter wie Energiedichte und Pulszeit des Xenonlichtblitzes, die Absorption der zu behandelnden Schicht, die Gasatmosphäre während der Temperung, die Reflexion im Prozessraum und das Substratmaterial auf die optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften der Schichten haben. Für ITO-Schichten mit einer Schichtdicke von 150 nm kann der Widerstand von 45 auf <14 Ohm verbessert werden, was vergleichbar mit einer konventionellen Temperung im Umluftofen ist.

An objektive of this university graduation work is an essay about any possibilities for energy savings with operation optimalization of public lightings. Understandings and introduction operation problems of public lighting is devote in first part of this work. Here we can chapters as Importance of public lightings or Gulations and norms in ralation to public lightings. The bigist and special attention is concentrated to description to public lightings systems and it is basic components. Another main part of this work is demonstration of used systems that are leading to energy savings for public lightings. These problems are detailed and explained in chapter Regulation of public lighting systems. This graduation work is describing individual types of regulation with the systems that are used with these regulatios in systems of public lightings. The assignment of last part of graduation work was to make sample calculation of energy demand and calculatin of yearly consumption on exemplary temporary system of public lightings. For this occasion was extra special auxiliary application sytem set up inside the Microsoft Excel program where all individual calculations were done.

The thesis deals with the problems of the photobiological lamp and lamps systems safety. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part touches the basic knowledge concerning the eye and vision, eye and skin diseases caused by excessive exposure to non-ionizing radiation. And besides that there are described the sources of light causing the possible exposure and further more it includes the methodology of measurement and evaluation of photobiological safety. The practical part investigates a measurement of the spectrum of light sources. The measured data are evaluated according to the methods mentioned in the theoretical part.

This thesis deals with the measurement of physical quantities in building using decentralized system for data collecting. The system consists of Raspberry Pi as a master device of the system. There are three branches connected to this master device. Each branch consists of up to 32 modules for data-concentration from sensors of physical quantities. The Raspberry Pi has implemented web interface for displaying measured values and system administration.

Master’s thesis describes design of smart nightstand device. Aim of this system is to monitor and recognize stages of sleep with subsequent transfer of the data to alarm clock to provide the most comfortable awakening. The alarm clock is backed up by batteries. The system controls parameters of surrounding environment using advanced sensors. The device is equipped with a removable light part which is backed up by power supply for illumination during a potential power outage. A pad for wireless charging with standard Qi is also part of this system.

The aim of the thesis is to design a system based on wirelessly comunicating devices that will be able to record an information about persons presesce in certain area. Aquired data will served for evaluation of the area lighting system efficiency. Partial goals related to this work are: to analyze electricity consumption mesaurement methods, to analyze presence and movement detection methods, to analzye wireless communication methods, to desin system's HW and SW including realization, to put system into a real operation and finally, to evaluate measured data.