Jean Crespin's 'Histoire des vrays tesmoins' was the official martyrology of the French Reformed Church. Published in Geneva in 1554, this collection has been consistently quarried as a fundamental source for the study of the early Reformation in France. Historians and other commentators of the period 1523-1555 have made use of this collection of martyr stories as a repository of reliable first-hand evidence as to the nature and make-up of the early French evangelical movement. However, the central theme of this dissertation is that the 'Histoire' is, in fact, far from a reliable source. Written with a profoundly different sense of objectivity than twentieth-century ideals of history-writing, Crespin's collection must be used with more care and circumspection than has previously been the case. Written by a firm adherent to Calvin's nascent regime in Geneva, Crespin's collection was compiled within well-defined traditions of Christian martyrology as a pedagogical tool, which necessarily affected its authenticity as a historical souce. The eight chapters of the thesis offer a corrective evaluation of the reliability and woth of the 'Histoire' as evidence in assessing this period. Crespin's ambitions and methodology are set out, as are the traditions of history-writing within which he operated (chapter 2). Subsequent chapters show how an uncritical analysis of the 'Histoire' has distorted our view of the period of the French Reformation up to the establishment of open Calvinist churches in 1555. This is especially the case when it is shown that the edition most used by modern-day historians is, in fact, the least reliable (chapter 7). For Crespin, concurrent persecution in other parts of Europe confirmed the righteousness of the Protestant cause. Consequently, the 'Histoire' became the most international of all the Protestant martyrologies that were produced in the sixteenth century, something that is relected in chapter 6.

This thesis is an examination of the printing industry in Paris between 1570 and 1590. These years represent a relatively under-researched period in the history of Parisian print. This period is of importance because of an event in 1572 – the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, and an event in 1588 – the Day of the Barricades and the subsequent exit from Paris of Henry III. This thesis concerns itself with the two years prior to 1572 and two years after 1588 in order to provide context, but the two supporting frames of this investigation are those important events. This thesis attempts to assess what effect those events had upon the printing industry in the foremost print centre of both France and Western Europe. With the religious situation in Paris quietened was there any concrete change in the 1570s and 1580s regarding the types of books printed in Paris? Was there any attempt to exploit this religious stability by pursuing the ‘retreating’ Protestant confession, or did the majority of printers turn away from confessional arguments and polemical literature? What were the markets for Paris books: were they predominantly local or international? The method by which these questions have been addressed is with a bibliometric analysis of the output of the Paris print shops. This statistical approach allows one to address the entire corpus of a city’s output and allows both broad surveys of the data in terms of categorisation of print, but also narrower studies of individual printers and their output. As such this approach allows the printing industry of Paris to be surveyed and analysed in a way that would otherwise be impossible. This statistical approach also allows the books to be seen as an economic item of industrial production instead of purely a culture item of artistic creation. This approach enhances rather than reduces the significance of a book’s cultural importance as it allows the researcher to fully appreciate the achievement and investment of both finance and time that was necessary for the completion of a well printed book.

The aim of the work is to shed light on the development of Lithuanian church music in the 16th and 17th century by c1arifying the influence of the reformation and the counter-reformation, and by researching Protestant and Catholic musical cultures.

Although considerable attention has been paid to the texting practices of specific composers and certain repertoires, a comprehensive study of the practice of texting in the sacred Latin‐texted vocal works of sixteenth‐century England remains to be undertaken. How did English composers, scribes, and singers of the sixteenth century set words to music? Today, the general impression that emerges from critical apparatuses of modern performing editions, where manuscripts of vocal music copied by sixteenth-century English copyists are concerned, is negative: they are regarded as casual, often‐contradictory transmissions, replete with idiosyncrasies and arbitrary placement of text. But the detail in five hundred‐year‐old primary sources cannot and should not be so easily dismissed. Through a series of case studies drawn from the largest and most complete music manuscripts of English provenance that date from approximately 1500–90 — the Eton Choirbook, the Lambeth Choirbook, the Caius Choirbook, the ‘Forrest‐Heather’ Partbooks, the Peterhouse Partbooks (Henrician Set), the Sadler Partbooks, the Baldwin Partbooks, and the Dow Partbooks — this dissertation offers a fresh perspective on the many texting variants present in the sources, subjecting them to critical analysis to ascertain what prompted a scribe to copy a passage of music and its text in a particular way. Occasionally, a variant was indeed no more than a result of scribal error or inattention. More often than not, however, a scribe was either resolving an ambiguity that he perceived in his exemplar or deliberately infusing the copy with his own concepts of ideal texting. Three specific areas of interest are traced in the dissertation: the texting of long‐note cantus firmi, the treatment of melismata, and the relationship between music, prosody, and textual syntax. At the outset of the century, cantus firmus lines, as scribes copied them, required a certain amount of interpretation before they could be realised; melismata were an integral part of the compositional style that functioned as punctuation for the music; and textual coherence was unnecessary if it could not be achieved within the constraints of the music. By the close of the century, cantus firmus lines were copied literally with no additional interpretation required on the part of the performer; melismata were reduced to a purely decorative function; and textual integrity and correct prosody had become defining factors in how a piece of music was composed and formally organised. The specifics of what carried musicians from one extreme to the other in the interim is at the heart of this study. This dissertation is part of the growing body of research on the music of sixteenth‐century England. In enquiring into the minutiae of setting Latin text to music during this period, an area that heretofore has been relatively unexplored, it is hoped that this project will contribute to the total knowledge in the wider field of studies in text‐music relations.

This diploma thesis is focused on the arrivals of the first two wives of William of Rožmberk, namely of Katherine of Brunswick and Sophie of Brandenburg, to the domain of the latter. The arrival was a complicated procedure with a whole range of economic, social and cultural aspects and many people were involved in it as well. This work deals with a broad spectrum of related issues: first of all it examines, step-by-step, the whole process of courtship and it describes the wedding rite in general. The aim of the core section of the thesis is to describe some practical measures, such as staff and food supplying and accommodation capacities providing. The attention is also drawn to the invitation letters and written instructions given to the burghers and castel staff in respect of the guests' comfort and public security maintaining. The final part of the work deals with the journey itself of the two brides to Český Krumlov.

This thesis is an examination of the circulation networks and the patterns of collection of Italian printed books in France in the sixteenth century. Although the cultural relations between the Italian and French territory have been studied, a systematic survey to assess the impact of books on the shaping of the French Renaissance has never been attempted. The first section of this study examines the trade routes and networks which facilitated the circulation of Italian printed books across the French territory. Because of the nature of the French early modern book trade, focused primarily on two major centres (Paris and Lyon), a geographical division has been adopted in investigating this phenomenon. Chapter one explores the trade networks existing in sixteenth-century Lyon, from the powerful Compagnie des Libraires to the activity of the libraires italianisants in the second half of the century. Chapter two examines the importance of Italian editions in Paris. Chapter three is devoted to the circulation of Italian books in the provinces and the impact of large regional centres and trade routes on the availability of books locally. Chapter four investigates private networks and their importance in making specific texts available to French readers. The second section of this study investigates the status and importance of Italian printed books within French Renaissance libraries. Chapter five looks into the development of the French Royal library and the role played by Italian items in defining its identity as an institution. Chapter six examines the presence of Italian books in French aristocratic and courtly collections. Chapter seven is devoted to the libraries of the French literary milieu, analysing the extent to which Italian books were cherished as literary exemplars, particularly with regard to vernacular texts. Chapter eight examines the presence of Italian books in professional collections, with particular attention here given to texts in Latin and other scholarly languages imported from Italy. The conclusion draws all of these strands together, looking at the specific role played by Italian culture, through the printed book, on the development of the French Renaissance. A catalogue of about 2,400 Italian printed books with early modern French provenance is included as an appendix volume. This data provides the evidential basis for this study.

Esta dissertação para obtenção do título de Mestre em História Social analisa três manuais de manejo de espadas, escritos em Portugal e Espanha entre 1580 e 1630. A partir de sua leitura conduzimos reflexões acerca da sociedade de corte, Processo Civilizador, lugar social da espada e duelos. Devido à datação dos manuais enfocamos nossas análises nos reinados Habsburgo e na Restauração de Portugal. / This dissertation for obtaining the title of Master in Social History analyses three manuals of sword handling, written in Portugal and Spain between 1580 1630. From their reading we have conducted reflections on Courtly society, Civilizing Process, social place of the sword and duels. Due to the date of the manuals we have focused our analysis on the Habsburg kingship and the Restoration of Portugal.

O objetivo principal desta tese foi editar a segunda e a terceira partes da Crônica de Dom Duardos, escrita por Dom Gonçalo Coutinho no final do século XVI ou início do XVII, completando o trabalho iniciado por Raúl Cesar Gouveia Fernandes, que, em sua tese defendida em 2006, editara a primeira parte desse livro de cavalarias inédito. Dividimos o trabalho em três volumes: o primeiro contém a apresentação da obra, do autor e da edição; o segundo e terceiro volumes trazem, respectivamente, a segunda e terceira partes da Crônica de Dom Duardos. / The main objective of this thesis was to edit the second and third parts of the Crônica de Dom Duardos, written by Don Gonçalo Coutinho in the late sixteenth or early seventeenth centuries, completing the work begun by Raúl Cesar Gouveia Fernandes, who, in his thesis defended in 2006, edited the first part of this unpublished book of chivalry. We divided the work into three volumes: the first contains the presentation of the work, the author and edition, the second and third volumes bring, respectively, the second and third parts of the Crônica de Dom Duardos.

A tese em apreço tem como objetivos específicos realizar a edição e o estudo filológico do Primeiro livro das Reconciliações e Confissões (LRC), elaborado por ocasião da primeira visitação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício ao Brasil, na capitania da Baía de Todos os Santos (1591-1592). A pesquisa parte de uma perspectiva filológica, por meio da qual procura identificar e definir as principais coordenadas sincrônicas e diacrônicas, linguísticas e situacionais1 que condicionaram a produção do LRC. Procedeu-se à contextualização histórica dos fatores que influenciaram a primeira visitação. Identificou-se e descreveu-se o rol de crimes que constam no LRC. Fez-se a análise da escrita do códice, assim como da estrutura formal das confissões. A edição semidiplomática apresenta 173 fólios e é de interesse para historiadores e linguístas, haja vista a escassez de estudos sobre documentação manuscrita no século XVI, sob a luz do rigor filológico. A terminologia utilizada no LRC permitiu esboçar um estudo léxico-semântico dividido em três macrocampos, segundo alguns dos crimes em análise: o judaísmo, a sodomia e a blasfêmia. A elaboração de 121 fichas catalográficas permitiu apresentar as principais informações sobre cada confissão. A descrição paleográfica, diplomática e codicológica obtevida descrever o códice, sob o viés das ciências afins à Filologia. Esta tese propõe, portanto, uma abordagem multidisciplinar do corpus, perspectiva que se entende como característica fundamental do trabalho filológico. / This thesis has as its specific objectives to perform the edition and philological study of the Primeiro livro das Reconciliações e Confissões (LRC), elaborated during the first visit of the Holy Office Court to Brazil in the captaincy of the Baía de Todos os Santos (1591-1592). The research starts from a philological perspective, through which seeks to identify and define the main synchronic and diachronic, linguistic and situational coordinates which conditioned the production of LRC. The work proceeded to the historical context of the factors that influenced the first visitation. It identified and described the list of crimes contained in the LRC. The analysis of the writing of the codex was made, as well as for the formal structure of the confessions. The semi-diplomatic edition features 173 folios and it is of interest to historians and linguists, given the lack of studies on manuscript documentation in the sixteenth century, in the light of philological rigor. Through the terminology used in the LRC it was possible to sketch a lexical-semantic study divided into three macro-fields, according to some of the crimes in question: judaism, sodomy and blasphemy. The preparation of 121 catalog records allowed to present the main information about each confession. The paleographic, diplomatic and codicological description obtained describe the codex, under the bias of the sciences related to Philology. This thesis therefore proposes a multidisciplinary approach of the corpus. And this perspective is understood as a fundamental feature of philological work.

Les maisons modestes sont rarement prises en compte dans les études qui portent sur l’architecture de la capitale au XVIe siècle. Elles représentaient pourtant l’essentiel de l’activité de construction à Paris à cette époque, et de nombreux exemples en subsistent aujourd’hui, souvent difficiles à identifier en raison des transformations subies aux époques postérieures. Leur étude a été menée pour une période allant de 1530 à 1600. Elle a été réalisée selon trois axes complémentaires : un dépouillement des archives notariales du XVIe siècle, une étude des sources iconographiques et, enfin, une analyse des maisons anciennes conservées. En confrontant ces trois types de sources, on s’est interrogé sur le rôle respectif des maîtres d’ouvrage et des maîtres d’œuvre, maçons ou charpentiers, sur la persistance des formes traditionnelles médiévales, sur l’influence des premiers traités d’architecture imprimés ainsi que sur celle des chantiers aristocratiques sur l'architecture mineure, notamment dans le domaine du décor. L’évolution de la réglementation concernant la voirie et la construction a été également prise en compte pour en évaluer les conséquences sur le bâti parisien. Le but de cette recherche était de décrire la morphologie des maisons, de préciser les techniques et les matériaux employés et d’observer les changements survenus au cours de la période. Enfin, on s’est efforcé d’identifier des exemples de maisons construites au XVIe siècle existant encore dans le Paris d'aujourd'hui, et de les documenter sur une longue durée, pour dater les modifications apportées à la construction initiale. / The modest houses are rarely taken into account in capital architecture studies of 16th century. However, they represented the majority of construction activity in Paris at that time, and many examples still exist today, but they are often difficult to identify because of the transformations in later times. Their study was conducted for the period 1530 to 1600. It was carried out following three complementary axes : a review of the notarial archives of the 16th century, a study of iconographic sources and, finally, an analysis of old houses preserved. In confronting these three types of sources, some questions were raised about the role of project owners and project managers, masons and carpenters, the persistence of traditional medieval forms, the influence of first architectural treatises and aristocratic building on minor architecture, especially in the field of decor. The evolution of construction regulations has also been taken into account in order to evaluate the consequences on Parisian buildings. The purpose of this research was to describe the morphology of the houses, to specify the techniques and materials used and to observe the changes during the period. Finally, we tried to identify examples of Parisian houses built in the 16th century, still existing, and to document them over a long-term, to date the changes made to the initial construction.