During the last twenty years there has been a proliferation of local studies of Poor Law administration, many of them concerned with the period of transition from the Old to the New Poor Laws. This thesis complements other local studies; it offers a detailed examination of Poor Law administration in and around the rapidly expanding industrial town of Bradford. At the same time, the thesis seeks to broaden the scope of such local studies by placing the Poor Law more firmly within its local social, economic and political context. Bradford's experiences are compared with those of other, particularly northern, urban Unions, and for the period after 1848, detailed comparison is made between Poor Law administration in the neighbouring Bradford and North Bierley Unions. Chapter 1 highlights those elements of Bradford's economic and social structure likely to exert the greatest influence on Poor Law administration. Chapter 2 examines administrative structures and relief practices under the Old Poor Law, with particular reference to the area's claim to-administrative efficiency. Chapter 3 examines local reactions to the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act and traces the history of Bradford's popular anti-Poor Law movement. Chapter 4 investigates the new administrative structure. Chapter 4(1) evidences the occupational and political distinctions between the Borough and non-Borough Guardians, highlighting the political dimension of Poor Law administration. Chapter 4(ii) analyses the mechanics of relief distribution and Chapter 4(iii) examines the New Poor Law's'shaky financial base. Chapter 5(i) looks at the fate of the principles of 1834 with regard to able-bodied paupers and at the debate surrounding the introduction of the Outdoor Labour Test Order. Chapter 5(ii) deals largely with the provision of outdoor medical relief. Chapter 5(iii) examines the Workhouse regime and the treatment of particular groups of inmates, such as the mentally ill and vagrants. The education provided for Workhouse children is compared with that available to the independent poor. The Chapter concludes with a detailed examination of the Workhouse debate of 1846-8. Chapter 5(iv) investigates non-statutory relief provision in Bradford and attempts to assess its qualitative and quantitative importance. Chapter 6 examines the operation of the Law of Settlement, the workings of the non-resident relief system and the immediate impact of the legislation of 1846-7. Chapter 7 outlines the Poor Law authorities' involvement in bastardy affiliation actions. Chapter 8 assesses the impact of the New Poor Law and considers some of the major determinants of relief policy, including a survey of local attitudes to poverty. Part One concludes with the Union's division in 1848. Part Two considers the more settled administration of the 1850s and 1860s, building on the framework used in Part One. Chapter 9 looks at the occupations, politics and conduct of business of the Bradford and North Marley Boards of Guardians. Chapter 10 traces changes in the system of distributing relief and in the Poor Law's financial base, with particular reference to the financial reforms culminating in the Union Chargeability Act of 1865. Chapter 11 pursues the able-bodied debate, continues the earlier survey of outdoor medical relief and examines the novel provision of education for the children of outdoor paupers. Chapter 12 catalogues the erection of new Union Workhouses in Bradford and North Bierley and traces their evolving role as general pauper hospitals. Chapter 13 examines the enlarged contribution of charities in Bradford while Chapter 14 surveys the continuing but reduced impact of the Law of Settlement. Chapter 15 comments on the changes seen in the later period.

English abstract: In this my master thesis I attempt to depicture comprehensively the life-work of Viktor Barvitius (1834 - 1902), one of the Czech Pioneers of Modern Realism. Tracing the fates and influences that had formed the oeuvre of this fancier of urban turmoil helps us to figure out his positron within the kontext of period art. Barvitiuses creation embraces all main domains of painting of the time: portrayals, historical painting, genre; it has reached its peak during his stay in France between 1865 and 1867. For his immediate reaction to the French Modern Realism and together with Karel Purkyně and Soběslav Pinkas, Barvitius represents one of the prophets of the Czech Programme Realism. In 1877, Barvitius got a commission as an inspector of the SVPU Art Gallery; Czech museum culture is a great deal due to his activity on the field. Barvitiuses whole life artistic work, both theoric and practical, make him an important figure of Czech cultural history. Hooked illustration and period and later reviews make an integral part of my thesis. It also includes the list of Barvitiuses art pieces owned by Czech museums and galleries, Czech National Gallery in Prague, the art pieces that were the subjects of auction-sale and the inventory of his art work.

This thesis will examine the governmental settlement policies in two similar topographical areas, the North American prairie and the South American pampas. Specifically, three novels by Willa Cather, will be included: My Antonia, O Pioneers!, and A Lost Lady. They will be discussed in relation to the development of Nebraska as afforded by the Homestead Act of 1862 and compared to the very different land settlement policies of Argentina as conveyed through the Argentinian national epic poem El Gaucho Martin Fierro by Josâe Hernâandez. Particular attention will be made to the influence of the land and its creatures as a shaping influence on the characters created by the authors. There will be additional examination of the effect these works had on historical development within their respective countries, which will involve social and political analysis to place the literature within the historical perspectives of both countries. / by David Budinger. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eli Banks Liberato da Costa.pdf: 3915428 bytes, checksum: b33b577152124adaba06856e2e5a3e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-23 / The computers programming activity has its origins preceding the existence of the machine itself. Taking as a starting point the invention of the french silkweaver Joseph-Marie Jacquard, who built in the beginning of the 19th Century a programmable loom, using punched-cards, this paper intends to show the relations between the loom mechanical programming activity and the actual computers programming. Through the analisis of articles published in important periodicals of the 19th Century, not yet explored in the history of information technology studies, we comment some debates and repercussions that followed Jacquard s invention. We also work with some modifications that occurred in that programmable machine, mainly in the area of punched-cards. Among others, we analyse the works of the british Charles Babbage in the 19th Century and Herman Hollerith at the end of 19th Century, seeking verification of how Jacquard s ideas spread when applied in other activities with no relation with the weaver s work. Therefore this paper intends to contribute for the history of information technology studies by the analisis of the origins of some concepts that still remain basics to this field of science nowadays / A atividade de programação dos computadores tem origens que antecedem a existência dessa máquina. Tomando como ponto de partida o invento do tecelão francês Joseph-Marie Jacquard, que no início do século XIX construiu um tear programável que usava cartões perfurados, este trabalho procura mostrar relações da programação mecânica do tear com a programação dos computadores atuais. A partir da análise de artigos publicados em relevantes periódicos do século XIX, estes ainda pouco explorados nos estudos de história da informática, são comentados alguns debates e repercussões decorrentes da divulgação do invento de Jacquard. Destacam-se também algumas modificações introduzidas nessa máquina programável, especialmente no que se refere aos cartões perfurados. Foram também analisados entre outros, o trabalho do inglês Charles Babbage em meados do século XIX, e posteriormente do norte-americano Herman Hollerith no final desse mesmo século, procurando verificar como as idéias de Jacquard estenderam-se à medida que passaram a ser utilizadas em outras atividades que nada tinham a ver com o processo de tecelagem. Portanto, este trabalho pretende contribuir para o estudo da história da informática por meio da análise das origens de alguns conceitos que continuam a fundamentar esse campo do conhecimento até os dias de hoje

This thesis will study three specific subjects in order to document changing viewpoints in American culture in relation to nationalism, patriotism, and memories from older generations. It will be studying a space- Bunker Hill, a place- Independence Hall and a person- Marquis Lafayette at approximately fifty years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Each subject will explore the ways the memory of the soldiers involved in the American Revolution have been preserved and remembered. It is the intent of this thesis to establish the importance of the passage of time especially when it comes to preserving historic artifacts and buildings and the way the changing associations have on how we preserve these artifacts. / The triumphal tour of Marquis Lafayette -- Independence Hall -- Bunker Hill Monument. / Department of Architecture

Anlässlich des 200. Geburtstages Robert Schumanns wird über seine Aktivitäten im sächsischen Verlags- und Bibliothekswesen berichtet. Im Jahre 1834 veröffentlichte Schumann seine eigene Zeitschrift, mit dem Titel „Neue Zeitschrift für Musik“, die damals zweimal wöchentlich erschien und einen Umfang von gerade mal vier Seiten hatte. Bis zum Jahr 1846 leitet Schumann die Redaktion mehr oder weniger im Ein-Mann-Betrieb. In der Bibliotheca Albertina gab es im Rahmen einer kleinen Ausstellung bedeutende Dokumente die das Leben und Wirken des Komponisten veranschaulichen.

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This thesis reassesses the evidence surrounding Edward Irving’s controversial teaching about the doctrine of the incarnation. Irving was a controversial figure in his own day and his legacy has been contested ever since he was dismissed from the ministry of the Church of Scotland for teaching that Christ had a ‘fallen’ human nature. This thesis re-examines the emergence and significance of Irving’s teaching. It evaluates the scholarly consensus that his distinctive Christology was a stable feature of his thought and argues the case that his thinking in this area did change significantly. Methodologically, this thesis draws on some aspects of Quentin Skinner’s work in the importance of context (Chapter Two) to understand Irving as he really was, rather than in terms of his later significance. In the light of this, Irving’s biography is examined in Chapter Three, before moving into a discussion of the influential part played by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Irving’s intellectual development (Chapter Four). The second half of the thesis then moves on to consider the development of Irving’s Christology and the questions surrounding its provenance and development (Chapters Five and Six). Finally, in Chapter Seven, possible sources of explanation for Irving’s distinctive ideas about the Incarnation are exhibited and assessed. The argument of this thesis is that Edward Irving developed an account of the Incarnation that was essentially novel, in response to the Romantic ideas that he had derived from Coleridge. In accordance with Coleridge’s assessment, it is argued that this derivation was rendered more complex by Irving’s incomplete apprehension of Coleridge’s underlying philosophy. Nonetheless, it is argued that Edward Irving’s teaching presented a Romantic version of Christ, and that this distinctive conception owes more to the times in which Irving lived than to the theological tradition to which he claimed adherence.

Anlässlich des 200. Geburtstages Robert Schumanns wird über seine Aktivitäten im sächsischen Verlags- und Bibliothekswesen berichtet. Im Jahre 1834 veröffentlichte Schumann seine eigene Zeitschrift, mit dem Titel „Neue Zeitschrift für Musik“, die damals zweimal wöchentlich erschien und einen Umfang von gerade mal vier Seiten hatte. Bis zum Jahr 1846 leitet Schumann die Redaktion mehr oder weniger im Ein-Mann-Betrieb. In der Bibliotheca Albertina gab es im Rahmen einer kleinen Ausstellung bedeutende Dokumente die das Leben und Wirken des Komponisten veranschaulichen.

Der Verfasser untersucht die Entwicklung der Einwohnerzahlen der 26 ausgewählten Industriedörfer der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen und der ihr 1945 nachfolgenden Kreise und Landkreise von der ersten sächsischen Volkszählung 1834 bis zu den sächsischen Gebiets- und Verwaltungsreformen um 2008. Dargestellt wird, wie sie sich im Ranking in den einzelnen Zeitabschnitten bewegten, welche Veränderungen stattgefunden haben. Dazu werden vielfältige Vergleiche mit den Ergebnissen einzelner Volkszählungen innerhalb von Zeitabschnitten und darüber hinaus herangezogen. In einem Exkurs beleuchtet der Verfasser die Entwicklung der Einwohnerzahlen der sächsischen Landgemeinden mit 2.000 und mehr Einwohnern während der Hochindustrialisierung zwischen 1871 und 1910 und stellt sie der Entwicklung der Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer in diesem Zeitabschnitt gegenüber. Hier wird auf die Entwicklung in den sächsischen Regionen eingegangen. Zu Ergänzung werden die wirtschaftshistorischen Entwicklungen in den Zeitabschnitten kursorisch betrachtet, die über den Arbeitsmarkt mit der Bevölkerungsentwicklung verbunden waren.:1. Einführung 1.1 Die Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer im Blick der Zeitgenossen bis in die 1830er Jahre 1.2 Die Ausgestaltung der Volkszählungen 1834-1989 1.3 Die Landgemeinden mit 2.000 und mehr Einwohnern aus der Volkszählung 1864 als Basisdaten für die Untersuchung der Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer 1.4 Die Industriedörfer der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen mit 2.000 und mehr Einwohnern als Untersuchungsgegenstand 2. Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer der sächsischen Oberlausitz 1834-1910 2.1 Die Einwohnerzahlen Sachsens und der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen zwischen den Volkszählungen 1834 und 1910 2.2. Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer der sächsischen Oberlausitz in der Industrialisierung von 1834 bis 1871 2.3 Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer der sächsischen Oberlausitz in der Hochindustrialisierung von 1871 bis 1910 2.4 Exkurs über die Einwohnerzahlen sächsischer Landgemeinden mit 2.000 und mehr Einwohnern in der Hochindustrialisierung zwischen den Volkszählungen 1871 und 1910 2.4.1 Die Einwohnerzahlen der Landgemeinden der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen im Kontext mit denen der Landgemeinden der anderen Kreishauptmannschaften 2.4.2 Die Eingemeindung sächsischer Landgemeinden in Großstädte 1889 bis 1910 2.4.3 Die Zuwächse in sächsischen Landgemeinden 1871-1910 3. Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer der sächsischen Oberlausitz in der Weimarer Republik und im Nationalsozialismus 1919-1939 3.1 Die Bevölkerungen Sachsens und der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen 1919-1939 3.2 Die wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen in der Kreishauptmannschaft Bautzen 1919-1939 3.3 Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer der sächsischen Oberlausitz 1919-1939 3.4 Auswirkungen des Zweiten Weltkrieges auf die Bevölkerung der sächsischen Oberlausitz 4. Die Einwohnerzahlen Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer 1945-1989 4.1 Die politische und ökonomische Entwicklung 1945-1989 4.2 Die demografischen Entwicklungen in der SBZ/DDR, im Bezirk Dresden und in den Kreisen der sächsischen Oberlausitz 1945-1989 4.3 Die Einwohnerzahlen Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer 1945-1989 4.4 Die Einwohnerzahlen der Industriedörfer 1981 und 1989 im Vergleich mit dem jeweiligen Maximum zwischen 1834 und 1939 sowie den Ergebnissen der Volkszählungen 1834, 1910 und 1939 5. Die Einwohnerzahlen Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer im Freistaat Sachsen 1990 bis um 2008 5.1 Die ökonomische Situation in der sächsischen Oberlausitz nach 1990 5.2 Die Einwohnerzahlen von Sachsen und Oberlausitzer Landkreisen 1990-2007 5.3 Die Einwohnerzahlen Oberlausitzer Industriedörfer 1990 bis 2007 6. Resümee 7. Quellen-, Literatur- und Tabellenverzeichnis 7.1 Ungedruckte Quellen 7.2 Gedruckte Quellen 7.3 Literatur 7.4 Tabellenverzeichnis