I first read the diaries of Thomas Shone in 1971, when working on manuscripts in the Cory Library, Rhodes University, for the Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles. The diaries were a significant source of South African English; but more than that, they created a moving and vivid picture of one man's life and personality, which made a deep impression. Written daily (unlike many other settler writings, which are reminiscences), the diaries proved to be a journey into the interior life of Thomas Shone, with all his guilt, pain and occasional joys, documented in his idiosyncratic style. Photographs show Thomas to have been a man with a determined, even hard, mouth, and piercing eyes under rather lowering brows. If he was like his son, Thomas junior, he was "erect and bright", and of the "typical Shone build, rather stumpy and fairly broad." His command of language suggests a good education and a sharp intellect, strangely at variance with his description as a labourer. His writing is imbued with the archaic ring of the King James Bible, and much of the charm of the diaries lies in their movement between the sublime and the mundane, as when Shone breaks a discussion of his need to be faithful to God, to note that "Sarah sat a hen on 22 eggs." Shone's diary is an intensely personal document, yet there are signs that he was at times conscious of a possible audience. His use of the phrase "My friends" to address his readers " is likely to have been part of a convention of the time, rather than overt acknowledgement of the presence of an audience; however at the most personal level of all, his relationship with his mistress, he was not explicit, but employed a form of code (.∶.) Furthermore, there is evidence that he kept a rough diary, from which he later made a neat copy. Thomas began his diary in order to record his attempt to stay away from drink, but his writing soon came to mean more to him than this. He gradually introduced notes on his daily activities, and his temptation to drink became just one part of a personal history. From 5 August 1838, when he first wrote of the loss of his wife, the diary became an important outlet for his misery. Despite his unhappiness, Thomas took delight in the use of sarcasm and wry humour to comment on the foibles of humanity. "Me and Billy went to Mandy's; I cut my thumb and three trees", he wrote; and "Indian corn bread makes my belly ache... (My relations have the mind ache; I believe it is worse than the belly ache.)" "Religion is flying away to other parts as fast as it can; the religion here is money, and Cattle and a covetious Spirit for other men's goods ", he grumbled of the Clumber community. The most effective (and prolonged) use of his gift for sharp conment may be found in his description of the watchnight service at Clumber. Shone seems to have possessed a natural flair for language, and used metaphor and simile to good effect, as in the following examples: "Now am I like a dove that as lost his mate"; Every thing seems quiet; I have still a war in my mind"; "Riches very often finds wing and flys away"; and "My mind is like the troubled sea, never at rest". He often showed an affinity for rhythm and alliteration, probably as a result of his familiarity with Biblical English: "These are my days of grief and sorrow"; "poor poverty"; and "Hard is my fate... all things seem to go contrary, strive which way I will." These examples of language provide a strong contrast with his reporting of everyday activities: Shone changes from one linguistic register into another in his movement from introspective to factual writing. At times Shone achieves an extraordinary vividness in his description of small incidents, as in his stories of encounters with monkeys, or his report of an altercation with his son Jack. One of the loveliest passages is his account of a day spent on his old location at Scott's Bottan. Thomas was "political" only insofar as politics touched his own life. For the political historian the diaries are frustrating; except for his descriptions of the War of Mlanjeni, Shone shows little interest in the wider issues of his time. However, the diaries show the complex web of relationships in a small community, and give insights into commercial interaction, domestic activities, marriage ties, religious attitudes, family behaviour and interpersonal conflicts, all set within the political tensions of the frontier society. As the diaries progressed, and Thomas Shone aged, he weed from being an active participant in the life of the frontier, to being an onlooker and commentator. Possessed of a mind (and tongue) which isolated him from many of his neighbours, he was no doubt also separated from his community by his relationship with Ann Hiscock and by his heavy drinking. The diaries became his vehicle for expressing the inexpressible; and in the end it was religion which gave him solace. It is the "interior" diary which provides much of the fascination which Shone's writings hold for the modern reader. Professor Guy Butler has pointed out that writing was a secondary activity for the settlers, whose chief preoccupation was survival in a difficult environment. Shone's diaries certainly reflect his economic struggle; but it is their portrayal of his pilgrimage through life which makes them remarkable.

Orientador: Maria Clementina Pereira Cunha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T19:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AnaCarolinaFeracinda_D.pdf: 8854133 bytes, checksum: a8eacb45bf03f1b3e991c4b6780f42c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta tese estuda a trajetória social do jornalista José Carlos do Patrocínio (1854- 1905). Reconhecido como um dos baluartes da clli.ilpanha abolicionista na corte imperial, Patrocínio teve uma vida intensa e basta 11te at..ribulada no mundo da imprensa do fim do século XIX. Além de jornalista, folhetinista, e cronista político, ele também foi proprietário e editor de dois jornais da Corte entre as décadas de 1880-1890. Profundamente envolvido nas questões políticas e sociais de seu tempo e inserido em várias polêmicas, Patrocínio é uma çhave de acesso à problematização e compreensão de algumas circunstâncias históricas do período. Além de todo debate em torno da abolição e da campanha pela república, a experiência pessoal de Patrocínio torna-se o próprio foco de análise. Desta maneira, um dos principais objetivos da pesquisa é recuperar e tentar compreender os caminhos efetivamente percorridos e os possíveis de serem trilhados por um jovem negro, pobre, f1lho de um vigário com uma de suas escravas, num mundo marcado pelo trabalho compulsório. Por outro lado, a análise também se volta a atravessar o denso cipoal de imagens que se cristalizou sobre Patrocínio ao longo de um processo de embates e acomodações da memória. Neste sentido, atenção especial tem sido dedicada às principais biografias e memórias sobre ele de forma a entender os mecanismos pelos quais a sua legenda "abolicionista" ficou perenizada em tais obras - sendo recorrente também na histo.riografia / Abstract: This essay studies the social path of the journalist José Carlos do Patrocínio (1853- 1905). Recognized as one of the epitomes of the abolítionist campaign in the imperial court, Patrocínio had an intense and complicated lífe within the press world in the end of the 19th centur.y. Besides being a journalist, a political critic, and writing feuilletons, he was also the owner and editor of two newspapers between the 1880's and 1890's. Profoundly involved both in the polítical and social questions of his time and in some polemical issues, Patrocínio is a key to access, I and comprehend some historical circumstances of that period. This analysis focuses not only on the debate on the abolition and campaign for the republic, but also - and main1y - on the personal experience of Patrocínio. Therefore, one of the core issues of the research is to recover and try to understand the paths that were effectively traced afid the possible ones to be followed by a poor, young, black son of a vicar and one of his slaves in a world marked by compulsory work. Gn the other hand, this thesis also aims at analysing a myriad of crystallized images about Patrocínioduring a process of contests and accommodations of memory. Gn this mater, a special attention was dedicated to the main bibliographic works and memories about him in a way to understand the mechanisms by which his "abolitionist" legend was eternalized on such works - being recovered also in the historiography / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

Chapter One: The provisions of the Glen Grey Act of 1894 are summarised. The memoirs of contemporaries are discussed and the historical literature on the Act from 1913 to the present is surveyed. The likelihood of the land tenure provisions of the Act forcing the people of Glen Grey (or the people of other districts that came under the operation of the Act) to seek employment is noted. It is evident that there is an increasing emphasis in the literature on labour concerns rather than on the disenfranchising effects and local government provisions of the Act. It is often assumed that the labour force generated by the Act was meant for the Transvaal gold mines. Chapter Two: The relevance of the labour needs of the Indwe collieries is investigated. These mines lay adjacent to Glen Grey and might have been expected to draw their labour thence if the Act had been effective. Rhodes, the author of the Act and prime minister of the Cape, had bought shares in the collieries for De Beers shortly before the Act was passed, which made a possible connection more intriguing. No causal link between De Beers' interests and the Act could be demonstrated; nor do the collieries seem to have employed many people from Glen Grey. Chapter Three: Examines the Cape colonists' complaints about shortage of labour from 1807 to the eve of the Glen Grey Act, and investigates various official measures to promote the labour supply. The Glen Grey Act was not the first labour measure passed at the Cape, and it seems likely, therefore, that the labour needs of the Cape, rather than the Transvaal, were uppermost in the minds of those responsible for the Act. Chapter Four examines Rhodes's political position in the 1890s and shows him to be increasingly dependent on the parliamentary support of the Afrikaner Bond to stay in office. Since the Bond was an agricultural interest group it seems likely that labour for Cape farms, rather than Transvaal gold mines, was what the Act was supposed to provide. With that Rhodes could readily agree, since he wanted to promote the agricultural development of the Cape. However, the Bond wanted to be able to buy land in Glen Grey (and other district in which the Act was proclaimed). Rhodes wanted to keep such districts as 'reservoirs of labour' so he could not give the Bond all of what they wanted, i.e. Glen Grey titles to be alienable. His manoeuvring to keep the Bond supporting the Bill while not making the land readily salable is described. (In the end the land was alienable with the consent of the government -- consent that a Rhodes ministry would not give, but that another might.) Rhodes's desire to obtain the administration of Bechuanaland for his Chartered Company, and his need therefore to reassure the Colonial Office and humanitarian opinion that he could be trusted to rule over blacks, are pointed out as other possible motivations for the Act, which Rhodes tried hard to present as an enlightened piece of legislation. The course of the Act through the Cape parliament, and the opposition of Cape liberals to the Act, is described. Chapter Five: The mentalité of the Cape colonists as regards race, liquor, land tenure and other political issues is described. Chapter Six: The reaction to the Act of Cape blacks and sympathetic whites, British humanitarians and the Colonial Office is described. The contemporary concern with reserving land for blacks is noted, as well as concern over the morality of economically coerced labour. This is in contrast to the modern concentration on labour almost to the exclusion of other issues in regard to the Glen Grey Act. The unsuccessful efforts of Cape blacks and British humanitarians to have the imperial government veto the Act are described. Rhodes's influence over the Colonial Office is described.

En el Perú, a inicios de cada año se vuelve un tema común el de la «torta publicitaria» que el Estado repartirá entre los medios de comunicación (prensa, radio y televisión), esto es, la cantidad de publicidad estatal que cada medio difundirá, previo pago –obviamente– de importantes sumas de dinero. Se señala, no sin razón, que los gobiernos de turno utilizan dicha repartición para «premiar» o «castigar» a los medios complacientes o críticos con ellos, respectivamente. De esta manera, los medios benevolentes con los gobiernos recibirán una parte apreciable de dinero por concepto de publicidad estatal, mientras que a los críticos se les otorgarán sumas exiguas o ninguna.1 Esta situación, que puede afectar (o afectar de hecho) la libertad de expresión y de pensamiento (en el sentido de que los medios pueden verse tentados a modificar su línea editorial), se ve en parte subsanada con la publicidad que las empresas privadas colocan en los distintos medios. Incluso se puede decir que estos subsisten gracias, fundamentalmente, a este tipo de publicidad.

This dissertation examines interactions and circuits of exchange between Anglophone and Hispanophone literary cultures in the wake of the Mexican-American War, particularly those involving African-American, Indigenous, Latin American, and proto Latina/o-American communities. My dissertation grapples with the breadth of multilingual Americas, examining the stakes of U.S. territorial expansion and empire through a range of translations, adaptations, and literary borrowings that enabled the transit and transmutation of texts in the mid-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. I focus on works by a range of writers, poets, activists, politicians, and translators, including Carlos Morla Vicuña, John Rollin Ridge, Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés, José Martí, Helen Hunt Jackson, Martin Delany, and Willa Cather. I draw upon letters, periodicals, novels, and poems that circulated in the Americas, arguing that choices and practices of translation were in dialogue with shifting frameworks of race and ethnicity in these different contexts. My analysis of these textual forms depicts some of the distinct ways that authors employed translation as a mode of political activism. Ultimately, this dissertation examines the relation between translation and national belonging in these different contexts, unveiling the varied forms by which transgressive translation strategies were harnessed as forms of anti-imperialist work even as they often initiated or replicated neocolonial and imperialist practices.

Dans l’Amérique et les Caraïbes des XIXe et XXe siècles, l’œuvre du poète national est au cœur d’un trafic d’images qui nourrit un lien social fragile dans un temps où les collectivités reposent moins sur un lien direct entre leurs membres que sur un lien imaginé. Prenant ses distances vis-à-vis des représentations en circulation à son époque, comme les représentations exotiques de la nature, le poète offre une vision démocratique ambitieuse pour l’avenir de la communauté à travers des images nouvelles du territoire, du peuple, de l’esclavage et de l’histoire. L’ethos auctorial encourage l’appropriation de ce discours par le lecteur en désignant le poète comme figure de référence. Mais c’est surtout à travers son procédé d’écriture qui met à mal les normes littéraires de son temps que celui-ci est à même d’influer sur la société. Plutôt qu’ils ne parviennent à saisir l’esprit de leur peuple, Whitman, Martí et Césaire participent par leur travail sur le fragment, les formes populaires ou le tremblement du sens à la création d’un devenir collectif. / In 19th and 20th centuries America and West Indies, the national poet’s works lay at the centre of a traffic of images. This traffic feeds the fragile social ties of young collectivities, at a time when communities are bound by imagination rather than by direct contact between their members. Distancing themselves from the representations of the community circulating at that time, like the exotic images of the New World’s nature, the poet offers an ambitious democratic vision for the future which is channeled through images of the territory, the people, slavery and history. The poet’s ethos encourages the reader to appropriate this discourse by presenting the author as a role model. However, it is mainly thanks to his style, at odds with the literary norms of his time, that the poet is able to act upon society. Whitman, Martí and Césaire do not so much contrive to capture their people’s spirit, as they participate through their work on the fragment, on popular poetical forms or on the destabilizing of meaning, in the creation of a common devenir.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Omar Schneider.pdf: 1494610 bytes, checksum: fcc727d704e2a0a2c976df75068104d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims at understanding the reform of the public instruction that took place in 1882, in the State of Espírito Santo, by the Province president, Inglês de Souza. It id based on the hypothesis that the circulation of pedagogical models, during the Second Empire, is a mark of representation fights that engendered in the period and delimited the substitution of teaching methods used for teachers formation in basic schools and of the elementary school students. To understand the reform and unveil the circulation of pedagogical methods found in it, the Province president s role as a manager of the Empire business and as an agent of the State organization and control was analyzed. In this process, it was studied the experiences performed by Inglês de Souza in the three Provinces which he had public duties (São Paulo, Sergipe and Espírito Santo). This way, it aims at understanding the school model revealed by Inglês de Souza and the school form proposed in his reforms. The research shows that the reformed public instruction was seen by Inglês de Souza as the only possible hope for Brazil s modernization and the way to integrate the Empire to the century level . The reform, as a modernization strategy which he undertook, was produced according to his liberal and positivist convictions, about the educational virtues as a progress factor that did not consider the necessary teaching laicization. This way, the Modern Pedagogy that he supported in his reforms is that one based on the intuitive teaching and on the lessons of things that he will designate as experimental pedagogy, so in this model, the sensitive experience came first, as a concrete teaching, on the opposite to the methods that used to initiate the learning process through abstract notions / Esta tese busca compreender a reforma da instrução pública realizada, em 1882, no Espírito Santo pelo presidente da Província Inglês de Sousa. Parte da hipótese que a circulação dos modelos pedagógicos, durante o Segundo Império, é marca das lutas de representações que se engendram no período, e balizam a substituição dos métodos de ensino empregados para a formação dos professores nas escolas normais e dos alunos das escolas primárias. Para entender a reforma e desvelar a circulação dos modelos pedagógicos nela contidos, foi analisado o papel desempenhado pelo presidente de Província como administrador dos negócios do Império e agente de controle e organização do Estado. Nesse sentido, foram estudadas as experiências desenvolvidas por Inglês de Sousa nas três Províncias em que assumiu cargos públicos (São Paulo, Sergipe e Espírito Santo). Procurou-se compreender o modelo escolar que Inglês de Sousa divulgou e a forma escolar proposta em suas reformas. A pesquisa aponta que a instrução pública reformada foi compreendida por Inglês de Sousa como a única esperança possível para a modernização do Brasil e caminho para integrar o Império ao nível do século . A reforma, como estratégia de modernização que ele empreendeu, foi produzida de acordo com suas convicções liberais e positivistas, sobre as virtudes da educação como fator de progresso, que não prescindia da necessária laicização do ensino. Desse modo, a Pedagogia Moderna que ele advoga em suas reformas é aquela que se fundamenta no ensino intuitivo e nas lições de coisas que ele vai designar como pedagogia experimental, pois, nesse modelo, a experiência sensível vinha em primeiro lugar, como um ensino concreto, contrário aos métodos que iniciavam a aprendizagem por noções abstratas

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : ? : Universität Tübingen : 2006. / Bibliogr. p. [599]-621. Index.

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BATÍSTA, Paula Virgínia Pinheiro. Bastidores da escrita da história: a amizade epistolar entre Capistrano de Abreu e João Lúcio de Azevedo (1916-1927). 2008. 233f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-28T14:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_PVPBatista.pdf: 4403147 bytes, checksum: 43d3d51bd958cdade2ba61c38c97ebd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-19T14:15:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_PVPBatista.pdf: 4403147 bytes, checksum: 43d3d51bd958cdade2ba61c38c97ebd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-19T14:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_PVPBatista.pdf: 4403147 bytes, checksum: 43d3d51bd958cdade2ba61c38c97ebd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The aim of this paper is to analyze the history reading and writing dynamics depicted by the correspondence exchanged between the historians Capistrano de Abreu and João Lúcio de Azevedo between the years of 1916 and 1927. Both of them participated actively of the intellectual field in Brazil and Portugal, respectively. The present work intends to analyze the comments that the historians made on their common readings, trying to comprehend which kind of appropriations they get from their shared books. Furthermore, it presents some features of production and distribution of their work and the applied publishing and divulgation strategies as well. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os processos de leitura e escrita da história expressos na correspondência trocada entre os historiadores Capistrano de Abreu e João Lúcio de Azevedo entre os anos de 1916 e 1927. Ambos participaram ativamente do campo intelectual, respectivamente, no Brasil e em Portugal. O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar os comentários que os missivistas faziam sobre suas leituras, numa busca de apreender que tipo de apropriações eles faziam desses livros partilhados, e expor algumas das condições de produção e circulação das suas obras, bem como as estratégias de publicação e divulgação das mesmas.