No description available.

This paper takes a fresh look at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and exhibits that interpret it, and suggests new exhibit strategies to re-interpret this complicated moment in American history. / History

Thesis (Ph.D. (English studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012 / This thesis aims to explore Sol T. Plaatje's use of Setswana and in that way explain primarily the nature and extent of his linguistic contributions to the rise, growth and development of the language as a modern communication means in South Africa. To obtain greater understanding of Plaatje's contribution, his Setswana translation of two Shakespeare plays, his paremiology, patronyms and onomastic examples are investigated through tools adapted from the rhetoric field, literary criticism, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics and language planning. Furthermore, by employing traditional grammar methodologies combined with conceptual frameworks derived from Transformational Generative principles, Plaatje’s work is descriptively exposed. The analysis of certain Plaatjean products seeks to bare the intralinguistic features of the Setswana variety or the Serolong forms he employs in the translations, the Diane proverbs, some folktales of A Sechuana Reader and related prose passages. Instances of the Serolong lect or his idiolect are treated as data bearing textual evidence of his efforts to preserve, elaborate and develop the broader Setswana sociolect that he perceives as in decline under English linguistic imperialism. The role he played in his native language's evolution is traced by trawling through documents and publications that presumably convey Plaatje's development policy and plan for Setswana. The main findings of the textual and/or contrastive analyses on selected portions of his Diane proverb collection and Setswana translations of Shakespeare, i.e. Comedy of Errors and Julius Caesar (renamed Diphosophoso and Dintshontsho tsa bo-Juliuse Kesara), are that his manipulation of Setswana morpho-phonological, lexico-semantic features and syntactic forms is characterized by innovative expression. Plaatje’s use of creative translation strategies including well-formed discourse patterns further reveal of several linguistic changes and advances in early 20th century Setswana. (vii). His usage of the Serolong variety in domains as different as journalism, ethnic history, story-telling, court interpreting, lexicography, onomastics and patronymy, provides evidence of a pioneering exercise of his native tongue’s expressive musculature. As such, the works resonate with his re-vitalization inputs for the sociolect to cope with the communication demands and challenges of a rapidly changing society. Research analysis of the linguistic discourse patterns in his writings thus uncovers the significant contributions he made to Setswana’s evolution, across several literary genres. While recognizing the study’s limitations owing to a focus on Plaatje’s linguistic productions only, the scope helped open up avenues for further and deeper investigation. Firstly, the enquiry appears to confirm the view that he was a language developer with literary and linguistic skills deserving greater recognition and high valorization. Secondly, Plaatje’s endeavours to grow and advance Setswana should serve as a model for contemporary language development policies and plans which African sociolinguists could adopt, adapt and/or emulate. The thesis makes a definite contribution to scholarly debates and discussions centering on the direction of African language planning and development. As such, research of Plaatje’s contributions are recommended for research to break new ground in areas like, orthography modernization, ethnolinguistic lexicology, editing and the writing of thesauruses or dictionaries for marginalized South African languages like Setswana. This is crucial especially because African intellectuals and leaders like Plaatje apparently address the problems facing their native languages from a developmental and socio-political angle. The holistic approach evidenced in Plaatje’s writing of Native Life, Mhudi and, as exhibited in analyses of Diane, Diphoso and Dintsho passages, suggests that modern socio-political solutions are required for linguistic problems. With such goals in mind, future language planners might succeed in rescuing African languages from the same incipient decline Plaatje warned about.

Par l’étude de la question du support dans la sculpture de Constantin Brancusi (1876 1957), sculpteur moderne qui a révolutionné l’art par ses innovations, nous tentons de définir le cadre conceptuel du support et son statut, par rapport aux diverses expérimentations de l’artiste. L’analyse sera développée afin de déterminer en quoi le support de Brancusi, par rapport aux innovations qui le caractérisent, se démarque du modèle traditionnel. Entre 1907 et 1937, l’artiste entreprend des expérimentations sur le support : d’abord, il l’élimine, ensuite, il l’intègre et finalement, il lui donne en quelque sorte le statut d’œuvre. C’est par une analyse détaillée de trois œuvres : Le Baiser, Maïastra et L’Ensemble monumental de Târgu-Jiu que nous étudierons l’évolution du support. Cela déterminera si les conventions sur la présentation sculpturale seront brisées.

A relação mãe-filho é um dos elementos fundadores do psiquismo humano e é por meio desta que a criança apreende o mundo a sua volta. São muitas as variáveis que interferem nessa relação como, por exemplo, a experiência pessoal, os legados inter e transgeracionais, as condições históricas, sociais, e econômicas. Tendo em vista a fragilidade dos laços afetivos nos dias atuais e a dificuldade no estabelecimento de vínculos que propiciem o sentimento de confiança, segurança e estabilidade, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como três jovens mães, que vivenciaram diversos tipos de violências em suas trajetórias, desempenham a função materna. As participantes encontravam-se em um abrigo para jovens mães no município de São Paulo. Foram realizados cinco encontros com cada dupla (mãe e filho) com cerca de uma hora de duração, onde foram explorados conteúdos a respeito da relação da adolescente com sua mãe e a família, a experiência com a gestação e a maternidade, a experiência com as diversas formas de violência e o vínculo com o filho. Foi empregado o método de pesquisa psicanalítico e, portanto, além da comunicação verbal foram analisados aspectos transferenciais e contratransferenciais. Os conteúdos encontrados articulam-se com as idéias de Winnicott. Por meio desse estudo concluiu-se que o sentimento de abandono e vazio causado pela a ausência de uma relação genuína de afeto é transmitido entre as gerações na relação mãe-filho, tendo muitas vezes como consequência a violência. Esta, por sua vez, interrompe o processo de amadurecimento emocional e a conquista de um sentimento de preocupação real com outro. A possibilidade de restaurar laços e dar continuidade ao processo de integração depende em grande parte da sustentação e do apoio (holding) oferecido a essas jovens mães. Nos três casos analisados, observamos que ainda há esperança, segundo a conceituação de Winnicott, de reencontrar uma experiência de afeto significativa, por meio da qual se constitua um sentimento autêntico de preocupação e comprometimento com o próximo / The mother-son relationship is one of the founding elements of the human psyche and it is through this that the child perceives the world around him/her. There are many variables that affect this relationship, for example, personal experience, the inter-and transgenerational legacy and the historical, social, and economic conditions. Given the fragility of the affective bonds today and the difficulty in establishing links that give the feeling of trust, security and stability, this study aims to determine how three young mothers, who experienced several types of violence in their lives, play the maternal role. The participants were in a shelter for young mothers in São Paulo city. Five meetings were conducted with each pair (mother and son) for about one hour, when the relationship between the teenager with her mother and family, her experience with pregnancy and motherhood, her experience with various forms of violence and the bond with her child, were exploited. The psychoanalytic research method was employed and transference and countertransference aspects, which go beyond the verbal communication, were therefore analyzed. The content found can be linked with the Winnicotts ideas. In this study we concluded that the feeling of abandonment and emptiness caused by the absence of a genuine affection is transmitted between generations in the mother-child relationship and frequently has the violence as consequence. The violence stops the process of emotional maturation and the achievement of a sense of real concern to another person. The possibility of restoring ties and continuing the integration process depends largely on the support and assistance (holding) offered to these young mothers. In these three cases, we observed that there is still hope, according to Winnicott\'s concept, to find a meaningful experience of affection, through which it constitutes a genuine feeling of concern and commitment to the other person

Ever since the judicial reform in late Qing, all aspects linking to China law reforms were forced to be aligned with the national goal of abolishing the unequal treaties between China and foreign powers. Forty years' legal history, as the epochal era in shaping the modern Chinese legal system, became an integral part of history of the national movement against unequal treaties. Within the period where Ju Zheng was dominant in the sphere of law, the judiciary under party control and the nation-wide discussions on China new legal system were two successive processes of the national movement: the former was meant to create solidarity and political space needed for the anti-unequal-treaties movement, and the latter was measured to offer cultural continuity and identity consensus essential for national autonomy en course toward modernity. What's more, nationalism became the overarching ideology in legal sphere during Ju's times, and its repercussions helped foment a solid legal nationalization movement. This movement was embodied in organizations at the national level, namely the National Conference of Justices and the National Association in Jurisprudence of Republic of China. Second, the movement has two essential features: Party control over the judiciary and building of a new Chinese legal system. In this legal nationalization movement, Ju Zheng was the central figure and leader from the beginning right through the end. / For more than sixteen years (1932-1948) Mr. Ju Zheng was the most influential figure of the national judiciary under the Nanjing Regime, making the case of his legal thoughts and practices highly illustrative of the legal history of modern China. Building on Mr. Ju's personal background and experiences, this thesis attempts to foster a better understanding of Ju Zheng and his era in terms of legal history. / This thesis consists of five chapters: The first chapter introduces the scope of inquiry, the main themes of the study, the sources and the literature on this subject. Next chapter documents Ju Zheng's efforts in tackling the problems of Supreme Court inherited from his predecessors during his first three years in the key position of the judiciary. The third Chapter deals with the process of party control over the judiciary. In hindsight, this process went through two stages: first, it was a project to revolutionize the justices which ended up making most judges party members; the atmosphere of the next stage manifested in an article of Ju Zheng which called attentions to efficacious partisan indoctrinations and to ground nationalism as the guideline for the justices. This process of intermingling of the judiciary and the party did generate some positive results. For instance, it created a vigorous nation-wide movement to seek abolition of the unequal treaties with foreign powers, which later on undergirded the judicial pattern of deciding amnesty cases by Ju Zheng judiciary. Chapter four explores the legal nationalization movements initiated from the National Conference of Justices in the year of 1935, vividly epitomized in the following nation-wide discussions in 1930s and 1940s on how to create a new legal system embedded in China context. The discussions eventually converged to two distinct lines: the first line claimed that it was the long-lasting Chinese culture (zhong guo gu you) that was to become the starting-point for a new legal system; in contrast, the second line argued for "rebuilding" (chong xin jian li ) a new legal system for the modern China. The last chapter offers a few concluding remarks. / 江照信. / Adviser: Billy So Kee-long. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: 2184. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-190). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Jiang Zhaoxin.

A relação mãe-filho é um dos elementos fundadores do psiquismo humano e é por meio desta que a criança apreende o mundo a sua volta. São muitas as variáveis que interferem nessa relação como, por exemplo, a experiência pessoal, os legados inter e transgeracionais, as condições históricas, sociais, e econômicas. Tendo em vista a fragilidade dos laços afetivos nos dias atuais e a dificuldade no estabelecimento de vínculos que propiciem o sentimento de confiança, segurança e estabilidade, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como três jovens mães, que vivenciaram diversos tipos de violências em suas trajetórias, desempenham a função materna. As participantes encontravam-se em um abrigo para jovens mães no município de São Paulo. Foram realizados cinco encontros com cada dupla (mãe e filho) com cerca de uma hora de duração, onde foram explorados conteúdos a respeito da relação da adolescente com sua mãe e a família, a experiência com a gestação e a maternidade, a experiência com as diversas formas de violência e o vínculo com o filho. Foi empregado o método de pesquisa psicanalítico e, portanto, além da comunicação verbal foram analisados aspectos transferenciais e contratransferenciais. Os conteúdos encontrados articulam-se com as idéias de Winnicott. Por meio desse estudo concluiu-se que o sentimento de abandono e vazio causado pela a ausência de uma relação genuína de afeto é transmitido entre as gerações na relação mãe-filho, tendo muitas vezes como consequência a violência. Esta, por sua vez, interrompe o processo de amadurecimento emocional e a conquista de um sentimento de preocupação real com outro. A possibilidade de restaurar laços e dar continuidade ao processo de integração depende em grande parte da sustentação e do apoio (holding) oferecido a essas jovens mães. Nos três casos analisados, observamos que ainda há esperança, segundo a conceituação de Winnicott, de reencontrar uma experiência de afeto significativa, por meio da qual se constitua um sentimento autêntico de preocupação e comprometimento com o próximo / The mother-son relationship is one of the founding elements of the human psyche and it is through this that the child perceives the world around him/her. There are many variables that affect this relationship, for example, personal experience, the inter-and transgenerational legacy and the historical, social, and economic conditions. Given the fragility of the affective bonds today and the difficulty in establishing links that give the feeling of trust, security and stability, this study aims to determine how three young mothers, who experienced several types of violence in their lives, play the maternal role. The participants were in a shelter for young mothers in São Paulo city. Five meetings were conducted with each pair (mother and son) for about one hour, when the relationship between the teenager with her mother and family, her experience with pregnancy and motherhood, her experience with various forms of violence and the bond with her child, were exploited. The psychoanalytic research method was employed and transference and countertransference aspects, which go beyond the verbal communication, were therefore analyzed. The content found can be linked with the Winnicotts ideas. In this study we concluded that the feeling of abandonment and emptiness caused by the absence of a genuine affection is transmitted between generations in the mother-child relationship and frequently has the violence as consequence. The violence stops the process of emotional maturation and the achievement of a sense of real concern to another person. The possibility of restoring ties and continuing the integration process depends largely on the support and assistance (holding) offered to these young mothers. In these three cases, we observed that there is still hope, according to Winnicott\'s concept, to find a meaningful experience of affection, through which it constitutes a genuine feeling of concern and commitment to the other person

Orientador: Leandro Karnal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uzun_JuliaRanyCampos_M.pdf: 2898744 bytes, checksum: 87f5034c66717aa10c3055f160d6781a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa procurou discutir como a produção de manuais escolares do México, durante o governo de Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911), auxiliou a construir a representação do passado do país. Dada a diversidade étnica, linguística e histórica do período, a investigação buscou compreender como a educação, especialmente através dos manuais escolares, auxiliou a construir uma memória comum e assentar as bases de um projeto de cidadania para o México, na virada do século XIX para o XX. Foram analisados seis manuais escolares que faziam parte de um projeto unificador, fruto da Reforma Educativa ocorrida no período. A escolha desses manuais deveu-se à sua importância no período, à sua repercussão em anos posteriores e ao papel social de seus autores. A pesquisa, dentro do campo da História Cultural, pretendeu discutir qual era o cidadão mexicano tido como "ideal" a partir desta Reforma Educativa, quais heróis foram eleitores como símbolos mexicanos (e quais deveriam ser calados), quais os usos políticos e simbólicos dessas figuras e como elas representavam o México que o intelectuais porfiristas pretenderam construir / Abstract: This research attemped to discuss how the production of Mexican scholars' books, during Porfirio Díaz government (1876-1911), helped to contructed the past representation of the country. Given the ethnic, linguistic and historical diversity in this period, the investigation tried to understand how the education, specially through the scholars' books, helped to develop a commom memory and lay the foundations os a citizenship project to Mexico, at the turn of nineteenth to the twentieth. There were analysed six scholars' books that were part os an unifying project, fruit of the Educative Reform ocurried in this period. The choice of these textbooks was due to its importance in this period, its repercussion in later years and the social role of its authors. The research, inside the camp of Cultural History, intended to discuss which was the Mexican citizen thought like "ideal" as from this Educative Reform, which heroes were elected like Mexican symbols (and which others should be silent), which were the political and symbolical uses of there figures and how they represented the Mexico that the Porifian intelectuals intended to construct / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestra em História

The phenomenon of retranslation (the repeated translation of a given work into a given target language) is widespread in practice, and yet its motivations remain relatively underexplored. One very prevalent justification for this repetitive act is encapsulated in the work of Antoine Berman who claims that an initial translation is necessarily 'aveugle et hésitante' (1990: 5), while retranslation alone can ensure 'la « révélation » dřune oeuvre étrangère dans son être propre à la culture réceptrice' (1995: 57). This dynamic from deficient initial translation to accomplished retranslation has been consolidated into the Retranslation Hypothesis, namely that 'later translations tend to be closer to the source text' (Chesterman, 2004: 8, my emphasis). In order to investigate the validity of the hypothesis, this thesis undertakes a case study of the British retranslations of Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Sand's La Mare au diable. A methodology is proposed which allows the key notion of closeness to be measured on both a linguistic and a cultural axis. Given Flaubert's famous insistence on 'le mot juste', Madame Bovary serves as a basis for an examination of linguistic closeness which is guided by narratology and stylistics, and underpinned by Halliday's (2004) Systemic Functional Grammar. On the other hand, Sand's ethnographical concerns facilitate a study of cultural closeness: here, narrativity (Baker, 2006) informs an analysis of how Berrichon cultural identity is mediated through retranslation. In both cases, the thesis draws on paratextual material (Genette, 1987) such as prefaces and advertisements, and on extra-textual material, namely journal articles and reviews, in order to locate specific socio-cultural influences on retranslation, as well as highlighting the type and extent of interactions between the retranslations themselves. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the Retranslation Hypothesis is untenable when confronted with the polymorphous behaviour of retranslation, both within and without the text.

This thesis deals with the works of Philip Meadows Taylor, nineteenth-century British administrator and author of six novels on Indian themes. His works, published between 1839 and 1878, belong to the little researched early period of Anglo-Indian literature when popular fiction reflected the confidence and beliefs of British rule in India. Meadows Taylor worked in India as a political agent in various parts of Hyderabad from 1824 until his early retirement in 1860. His work, his close friendships with Indians, and his marriage to an Eurasian woman exposed him to various aspects of Indian life closed to many of his British contemporaries in India. This is reflected in his novels, of which the best known is his first, Confessions of a Thug, published in 1839. Subsequent works include Tippoo Sultaun: A Tale of the Mysore War (1841), Tara (1863), Ralph Darnell (1865), Seeta (1873), and A Noble Queen (1878). All these works present Indian scenery and Indian customs vividly and sympathetically, and are characterised by unusually liberal views on such things as interracial marriage, race relations and Indian religious practices; views at odds with those of many of his contemporaries. This thesis examines Meadows Taylor's works, and the connection between his portrayal of British conceptions of India and its people and the historical development of British rule in India. Ultimately Taylor's works illustrate his view that underneath the surface differences of race and religious creed lies a common human experience shared by both East and West, a view which differentiates him from other nineteenth-century writers on India. Other unusual thematic concerns include his use of Victorian concepts of domesticity in Indian settings, his presentation of strongly idealised Indian characters, and his frequent use as subject matter of "pre-colonial" Indian history.