A presente dissertação se propõe a traçar o desenvolvimento do Expressionismo desde sua origem na Alemanha da década de 1910 até o teatro estadunidense da década de 1920, assim como a influência desse movimento de vanguarda na obra do dramaturgo americano do pósguerra, Tennessee Williams. Para esse fim, a relação entre artes visuais, teatro, literatura e cinema é apresentada, definindo essa dissertação no campo dos Estudos Interdisciplinares. A análise será principalmente enfocada nas peças expressionistas americanas da década de 1920 dos dramaturgos Eugene O'Neill, Susan Glaspell, Elmer Rice e Sophie Treadwell, e em quatro peças de Tennessee Williams e suas respectivas versões fílmicas: The Glass Menagerie (1944), Orpheus Descending (1957), Suddenly Last Summer (1958) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1947). Primeiramente, serão apresentadas as origens do Expressionismo na Alemanha na década de 1910 para definir as características do movimento. Posteriormente, serão identificadas características expressionistas no teatro, literatura e cinema estadunidense da década de 1920. Por fim, será verificada a influência do movimento expressionista na obra de Tennessee Williams, tanto em suas peças quanto nas versões fílmicas. O objetivo dessa dissertação é provar a ligação entre a obra de Tennessee Williams e as peças de dramaturgos expressionistas estadunidenses anteriores, assim como discutir a inter-relação e o aspecto colaborativo entre artes visuais, teatro, literatura e cinema. / The aim of this thesis is to track the development of Expressionism from its roots in Germany in the 1910s to its outcome in the American theatre in the 1920s, as well as the influence of the avant-garde movement in the work of the postwar American playwright Tennessee Williams. For the purpose of the present thesis, a relation including the visual arts, theatre, literature and cinema will be traced, thus setting this work in the field of Interdisciplinary Studies. The analysis will mainly focus on 1920s American expressionist plays by Eugene O'Neill, Susan Glaspell, Elmer Rice and Sophie Treadwell, and four plays by Tennessee Williams and their respective film adaptations: The Glass Menagerie (1944), Orpheus Descending (1957), Suddenly Last Summer (1958) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1947). Firstly, the origins of Expressionism in Germany in the 1920s are presented to define the characteristics of the movement. Later, expressionistic aspects are identified in 1920s American theatre, literature and cinema. And finally, the influence of the expressionist movement is verified in the work of Tennessee Williams, both in his plays and film versions. The objective of this thesis is to prove the connection of Tennessee Willliams's work with that of earlier American expressionist playwrights, as well as to discuss the interrelation and collaborative aspect of the visual arts, theatre, literature and cinema.

As oito primeiras crônicas da série Bons Dias!, publicada anonimamente entre abril de 1888 e agosto de 1889, no periódico carioca Gazeta de Notícias, e, posteriormente, atribuída a Machado de Assis, são o fio condutor deste estudo. De 4 de abril de 1888 a 27 de maio de 1888, o foco da publicação literária, em constante interação com o suporte em que se insere, foi a abolição da escravatura, um dos temas centrais na historiografia brasileira e caro ao universo jurídico. A partir do inventário e análise qualitativa das informações contidas nessas fontes primárias, que não eram as oficiais da época, tem-se um amplo registro acerca de um tema jurídico e político fora das publicações especializadas, tais como manuais e compêndios de direito, decisões de tribunais, pareceres do Conselho de Estado etc. Da constatação de que há vocabulário e semântica comuns entre o espaço jurídico especializado e o cotidiano oitocentista, toma-se o tradicional conceito de cultura jurídica para ser desdobrado calcado nas noções de descentramento e circulação de ideias , com o intuito de ampliar o entendimento do que a compõe por meio da interação dessas diferentes falas e de seu legado. Analisadas as fontes e problematizada a composição da cultura jurídica, subsiste uma questão: estava de fato livre o Brasil? O trabalho visa, em suma, demonstrar o que essas publicações, marginais no tradicional estudo da cultura jurídica, tem a sugerir a respeito daquela transição jurídica para além da letra de lei que aboliu o trabalho escravo. / The first eight features in the Bons Dias! column, anonymously published in the Rio de Janeiro Gazeta de Notícias periodical, and later credited to Machado de Assis, form the common thread of this study. From April 4, 1988 to May 27, 1888, the focus of literary publications in constant interaction with the background they are included in, was on the abolition of slavery, one of the central themes in Brazilian historiography and a subject dear to the legal universe. From the research made and the qualitative analysis of the data contained in these primary sources which were not the official ones at that time an extensive record was gathered concerning a legal and political theme outside specialized publications such as manuals and law textbooks, besides court decisions and legal opinions passed by state councils etc. Considering evidence found that there is a lexical and semantic common ground between the specialized legal arena and the everyday life of the 1880s, the traditional concept of legal culture was approached and unfolded based on notions of decentralization and diffusion of ideas aiming at expanding the understanding of what it consists of through the interaction among such diverse discourses and their legacy. Once the sources have been analysed and the composition of the legal culture has been problematized, one question remains: was Brazil really free? In short, this study aims at showing what those publications marginal ones in conventional studies of legal culture suggest with regard to that legal transition beyond the letter of the law which abolished slave labor in Brazil.

<p>Uppsatsen beskriver Lasse Landgren som person, nykterhetskämpe, präst och lärare under perioden 1920-1940 i jämförelse med bilden av honom idag, 1980-2006, utifrån de källor jag valt att använda mig av. Utifrån dessa källor som jag studerat kan jag se att bilden av honom förändrats från fullkomlig hjälte till en mer mänsklig person om än mycket uppskattad och omtyckt. Den största skillnaden enligt mig är det ordval författarna gjort i sina beskrivningar av honom. Anledningarna till denna förändring anser jag ligger dels i de olika författarnas bakgrund och dels samhällets förändring. Samhällets värderingar har förändrats/förskjutits och idag har vi ett mer kritiskt förhållandesätt till historien. Egenskaper som tidigare var högt värderade har idag blivit ersatta av andra egenskaper som kanske inte uppskattades på samma sätt förr i tiden. Tiden som passerat mellan dessa perioder och samhällets utveckling har således påverkat de olika författarna när de skrivit om Landgren anser jag.</p>

Uppsatsen beskriver Lasse Landgren som person, nykterhetskämpe, präst och lärare under perioden 1920-1940 i jämförelse med bilden av honom idag, 1980-2006, utifrån de källor jag valt att använda mig av. Utifrån dessa källor som jag studerat kan jag se att bilden av honom förändrats från fullkomlig hjälte till en mer mänsklig person om än mycket uppskattad och omtyckt. Den största skillnaden enligt mig är det ordval författarna gjort i sina beskrivningar av honom. Anledningarna till denna förändring anser jag ligger dels i de olika författarnas bakgrund och dels samhällets förändring. Samhällets värderingar har förändrats/förskjutits och idag har vi ett mer kritiskt förhållandesätt till historien. Egenskaper som tidigare var högt värderade har idag blivit ersatta av andra egenskaper som kanske inte uppskattades på samma sätt förr i tiden. Tiden som passerat mellan dessa perioder och samhällets utveckling har således påverkat de olika författarna när de skrivit om Landgren anser jag.

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Accompanying materials housed with archival copy. / This project focuses on the prosody of three major poets, William Blake, W. B. Yeats, and T. S. Eliot. It explores the relationship between each poet's poetic sound structures and his spiritual aims. The project argues that in Blake's prophetic poems The Four Zoas, Milton, and Jerusalem, in Yeats's middle and late poetry, and in Eliot's post-conversion poetry, the careful structuring of the non-semantic features of language serves to model a process through which one may arrive at the threshold of a spiritual reality. / The introductory chapter situates these poets' works within the genre of mystical writing; establishes the epistemological nature of poetic sound and its relationship to mystical expression; considers the historical and personal exigencies that influence each poet's prosodic choices; and outlines the prosodic method by which their poetry is scanned. Chapter one addresses William Blake's efforts to re-vision Milton's Christian epic Paradise Lost by means of a logaoedic prosody intended to move the reader from a rational to a spiritual perception of the self and the world. Chapter two considers the development of W.B. Yeats's contrapuntal prosody as integral to his attempt to make of himself a modern poet and to his antithetical mystical philosophy. Chapter three explores the liminal prosody of T. S. Eliot by which he creates an incantatory movement that points to a spiritual reality behind material reality. The project concludes with a consideration of the spiritual aims of Gerard Manley Hopkins and H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) and posits a revaluation of Hopkins' sprung rhythm and H.D.'s revisionary chain of sound as prosodic practices intrinsic to their spiritual aims.

To date, the Latin American essay remains little studied, certainly compared to other literary genres such as the novel, poetry and theater. This thesis examines prevailing theorists' conceptions of the essay and its historical development in Latin America. Employing the notions of cultural identity and difference, which have long been central to Latin American critical thought, this study distances the development of the essay in Latin America from Spanish colonial writings of the sixteenth century. In its place, this study proposes an innovative classification scheme that incorporates cultural codes as its main criteria in order to provide a more equitable treatment of essays from areas that have traditionally been marginalized in standard chronologically based classification schemes. Some of the paradigms used in this study to defend the integrity and specificity of the Latin American essay and culture are Inca Garcilaso de la Vega's affirmation of the values of the continent's indigenous pre-columbian heritage, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's discursive reinvention of South America, and Jose Marti's notion of hibridez—a cultural and racial complex mixture rooted in the region's history—as an affirmation of a continental Latin American cultural identity. This thesis demonstrates that since Latin American essays diverge thematically from colonialist discourse, studies of the origins of the Latin American essay do not have to perpetuate the colonialist legacy.

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This thesis presents a comparative study of two modern Muslim biographers of the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad Husayn Haykal and Sayyid Ja$ rm sp{c}$far Murtada, the one a Sunni the other a Shispc$ = i. In dealing with their works on the { it s = i ra}, the intention is to focus on some aspects of the life of the Prophet of Islam from the time when he resided in Makka. After outlining the authors' scholarly backgrounds, sources, methods, and purposes, etc., the thesis deals with certain specific issues concerning the Prophet's birth, his nursing and the reason behind the custom of having foster-mothers, the controversial stories of the splitting of his chest and of his participation in the sacrilegious war, his state both before and after the announcement to him of his Mission, the authors' interpretations of his night journey and ascent to heaven and lastly their discussion about the Prophet and miracles. This research should not be considered as historical in nature; rather, it aims at clarifying the similarities and differences which may be discovered between our two biographers, and at comparing their respective Sunn = i and Sh = i$spc$ = i approaches.

The First World War's 1916 Arab Revolt has become, in the West, a renowned episode in part because of the presence of one dominating character: T.E. Lawrence. However, "Lawrence of Arabia" is only the most prominent of the many Western agents sent to advise the Revolt. The narratives of these advisers have come to dominate the most Westerners popular conception of the Arab uprising. Most scholars have portrayed the British advisers to the Arab Revolt as "pro-Arab." The aim of this thesis is to challenge that portrayal through a careful analysis of the writings (published and unpublished) and actions of the four advisers: T.E. Lawrence, Sir Ronald Storrs, Major Sir Hubert Young, Lt Col. Sir Percy Joyce. / I argue for a more subtle, complex, heterogeneous version of the advisers Pro-Arab approach. By examining the advisers' published accounts and the available archival resources the contrast between the rhetoric surrounding their legends and the actual practice of their war experiences will be laid bare. The goal of the thesis is to use primary sources to demonstrate, in various areas of their relationships with Arabs, a discourse of superiority versus inferiority. This work has consequently attempted to present a less altruistic agenda emerging from the advisers' wartime conduct. In its place I have demonstrated numerous instances where they coerced and enforced their own interpretation of Arab desires and even an "Arab" identity onto the Revolt itself and furthermore, cemented these interpretations into Western popular culture.