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This dissertation is intended as a contribution to research on Dong Zhongshu (c. 195 - c. 115 BCE). Dong is generally acknowleged the most important Confucian philosopher of the Former Han dynasty (206 BCE - 6 CE) and is usually-assigned a key role in the adaptation of Confucian thought to the demands of the centralized imperial state. However, recent research has brought his contribution to this process into question. In particular, it has been pointed out that the usual source of evidence for Dong's ideas, the Chunqiu fanlu, is inconsistent with contemporary material in one vital respect - the cosmological framework employed to interpret natural disasters and strange events. The dissertation is divided into four parts. In the first, I reconstruct the events of Dong's life. I review all evidence on his dates of birth and death, his service in the imperial government, and the times at which documents by him were written, determining his chronology with greater accuracy than has been the case previously. I also review the state of Dong's works in the Han, clarifying several anomalies in references to them. The second part relates Dong's philosophy in as much detail as possible, leaving aside all Chunqiu fanlu material except that which can be shown to be authentic. The first chapter deals with Han forerunners of Dong: the Huang-Lao and early Gongyang schools, the Shangshu dazhuan, Lu Jia, and Jia Yi. The second chapter reconstructs a general outline of his philosophical system, and the third discusses three aspects of it for which quantities of reliable material have survived: his legal thought, prognosticatory theory, and attempts to control rain. The picture of Dong as the architect of "Imperial Confucianism," long under suspicion, is revealed as a total fiction: for instance, his cyclical theory of history stated that the Han dynasty was cosmologically bound to abdicate. As earlier suspected, Five Forces concepts were absent from Dong's thought. It is possible to reconstruct details of a Yin-Yang cosmology quite different from that earlier attributed to Dong, although his full system remains somewhat unclear. Part Three traces the development of Gongyang thought from the time of Dong's death up to He Xiu (129 - 172 CE). I demonstrate a correlation between the fortunes of the two branches of the Gongyang tradition and their attitudes to the Wang Mang interregum, and show the close links between Gongyang scholars and the Later Han court. Gongyang thought appears to have been stable for half a century after Dong's death, but in the next fifty years it suffered drastic modifications marked by Five Forces ideas and a historical theory asserting the legitimacy of the Han. The topic of Part Four is the Chunqiu fanlu itself. The first chapter discusses its physical condition, the second reviews previous scholarship, the third investigates Yin-Yang and Five Forces ideas, the fourth takes up a variety of other features, and the fifth is devoted to a detailed analysis of rainmaking. Among other things, it is demonstrated that much physical damage derives from a single copy with 420 words per page, that there are clear traces of earlier independent works within the Chunqiu fanlu, and that several chapters can be dated to the time immediately preceding the accession of Wang Mang. The chapter on seeking rain proves to have been rewritten at least once, with the object of introducing material relevant to the Five Forces. On the other hand, I am also able to show that there are several groups of chapters in the text which may well be from Dong Zhongshu, including some chapters on Yin-Yang and the discussions of the suburban sacrifice. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

第一章陳述周代酒禮的研究狀況。當時的酒禮的類別、內容、程序等都有很大的探討空間，但是首先要打破銘文釋讀的障礙。我提出從古文字形構的角度考察禮儀的雛形，隨即在第二章實踐。經過考察與祼禮有關的瓚、將等字的本義，勾勒字義的引申關係，用來訓釋銘文語境中的具體含義，以此為基礎來說明了瓚、將兩種事物的禮儀用途，結果得出銘文瓚字既是表示飲酒的工具也是表示獻酒的動詞，其中瓚字由於詞性變換而孳乳出「口+瓚」、「吅+瓚」的寫法，為 、 字。銘文「口+瓚」、「吅+瓚」的寫法，按辭例都表示讓人酒飲義，兩字是在「瓚」字的基礎上添加了「口」或「吅」，屬標示動詞用法的表義符號。至於祼將的將則屬於同源分化，由本指奉持的將字添加瓚形，產生了專指祼將（獻酒）的 字。第二章又牽涉到「X+某+出入/逆洀+事/將令」的辭例，X位置皆有供酒食之意，不應籠統以協助義當之，將命明顯是傳話之意。在飲食禮中設有訝者，兼任迎賓並傳達主賓之言。出入/逆洀乃形容傳命之行為，學者以為是名詞，指王的使者，非是。透過《儀禮》飲食禮儀程序的展現，可以反映這種套語所描述的實際內容。第三、四章討論「饗禮」，以主題用品劃分饗禮的類別，可以分為饗酒和饗醴兩種。在歸納銘文有「饗」字的辭例時，我發現了「饗醴」有「侑」，「饗酒」無「侑」的現象。侑是勸的意思，因飲料的種類有別，而有勸和不勸之別，反映了周初飲酒觀念對後來用酒制度的影響。類似的辭例用字上的差別未盡被揭櫫，而這些差別是還可以解決一些文字釋義的問題，例如飲、厚、懿、莤等字被討論過不少，可是還未算審諦。重新考察辭例後，可見飲不用於醴，厚、懿和醴、醫等事物有關，藉此對個別經傳文句提出新見，也進一步瞭解飲酒禮儀的內涵。第五、六章圍繞�字的本義、辭例、禮制、思想等各個方面做討論。�字形義蘊涵了飲酒行為，也是飲酒禮的基本模式，字中每一個部件，都可以在三《禮》所見的飲酒禮中找到實物，而�字包含了招待的義項，也和文獻以酒作為招待賓客的主要用品相符。 Documents from the early Western Zhou already indicate significant ideological differences between the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Instructions and commands written down in the da yu ding bronze inscription and the jiu gao ("royal mandate regarding drunkenness") chapter of the Shangshu, for example, show that the Zhou believed that the downfall of the Shang dynasty was brought on by their excessive indulgence in alcohol, and that they intended to admonish their own people for this behavior. However, the widespread use of bronze drinking vessels up until the mid-Western Zhou period suggests that this idea was only held up by the ruling elite of the early Western Zhou and did not expand throughout the entire territory. Only when the Zhou developed their own distinctive culinary and ritual culture from the mid-Western period on, bronze drinking vessels started to disappear from daily use. But the decrease of bronze drinking vessels does not necessarily mean that drinking alcohol for ritual purposes had been banned. From the mid-Western Zhou throughout the entire Eastern Zhou period characters related to these rituals--e.g. jiu酒（wine）, yin 飲 ("to drink"), xiang 饗 ("to offer food and drinks"), guan 祼 ("to pour out libation") and zan 瓚 ("libation cup")--continue to appear on bronze inscriptions and show that the use of alcohol was still an indispensable part within court meetings. Only the form, quantity and quality of the alcohol vessels and drinking habits underwent changes, but they had not been forbidden categorically. The aim of this thesis is to outline the evolution of ritual ceremonies involving the use of alcohol vessels during the mid-Western Zhou period. By this, I attempt to demonstrate that the importance of offering alcohol drastically declined during this era. One indicator for this development is the decline in offering jiu 酒 ("wine") and its replacement with li 醴 ("sweet wine"). Due to its lower levels of alcohol, a higher amount of "sweet wine" could be consumed without becoming intoxicated and was therefore more suitable in the effort to abide the instructions given by the founding fathers of the dynasty. Besides a comparison of the terms jiu 酒 and li 醴, this thesis also offers new paleographic and phonologic analyses of related characters--e.g. suo 縮 ("filter"), yin 飲 ("to drink"), hou 厚 ("richness"), yi 懿 ("fine"), zan 瓚 ("libation cup"), guan 祼 ("to pour out libation"), etc.--to contrast the ritual system as described in the old texts with the bronze inscriptions according to the shape and sound of the character as well as the actual artifact.

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Diese Magisterarbeit untersucht die althebräischen biblischen und epigraphischen Personennamen unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Geschlechts. Nach einem Durchgang durch die Forschungsgeschichte zu Frauennamen werden verschiedene Definitionsmöglichkeiten für den Begriff „Frauenname“ diskutiert. Die Spezifika von Frauennamen werden mithilfe der Datenbank ,Althebräische Personennamen‘ (DAHPN) ermittelt und gedeutet, abschließend wird auf die Geburt und Namengebung von Töchtern in der Hebräischen Bibel eingegangen. / This master's thesis examines Ancient Hebrew biblical and epigraphic personal names from the perspective of gender. After a passage through the history of research on women's names, various possible definitions of the term "woman's name" are discussed. The specifics of women's names are identified and interpreted with the help of the database ,Ancient Hebrew Personal Names‘ (DAHPN). Finally, the birth and naming of daughters in the Hebrew Bible is discussed.

The normal distribution is a commonly seen distribution in nature, education, and business. Data that are mounded or bell shaped are easily found across various fields of study. Although there is high utility with the normal distribution; often the full range can not be observed. The truncated normal distribution accounts for the inability to observe the full range and allows for inferring back to the original population. Depending on the amount of truncation, the truncated normal has several distinct shapes. A simulation study evaluating the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators and method of moment estimators is conducted and a comparison of performance is made. The α Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) is derived for testing the null hypothesis of equal population means for truncated normal data. A simulation study evaluating the power of the LRT to detect absolute standardized differences between the two population means with small sample size was conducted and the power curves were approximated. Another simulation study evaluating the power of the LRT to detect absolute differences for testing the hypothesis with large unequal sample sizes was conducted. The α LRT was extended to a k population hypothesis test for equal population means. A simulation study examining the power of the k population LRT for detecting absolute standardized differences when one of the population means is different than the others was conducted and the power curve approximated. Stat~221 is the largest introductory statistics course at BYU serving about 4,500 students a year. Every section of Stat 221 shares common homework assignments and tests. This controls for confounding when making comparisons between sections. Historically grades have been thought to be bell shaped, but with grade inflation and other factors, the upper tail is lost because of the truncation at 100. It is reasonable to assume that grades follow a truncated normal distribution. Inference using the final grades should be done recognizing the truncation. Performance of the different Stat 221 sections was evaluated using the LRTs derived.

<p> A high speed recoil transport system is developed making possible the simultaneous study of many decay products of the compound nucleus 221*Ac. Oeterminati ons of the efficiency properties of the transport system, essential for absolute cross section measurements , are discussed in detail. </p> <p> A study of angular momentum effects is made possibly by synthesis of 221*Ac using three heavy ion reactions. Absolute cross sections for (HI,xn) and (HI,pxn) reaction products are determined relative to established cross sections for production of 150Dy. Relative cross sections for francium production are also determined. </p> <p> A sophisticated statistical model calculation is adapted to provide a framework for interpretation of the results. Some insight is gained into the roles played by basic physical concepts in the systematic of compound nucleus decay in this mass region </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)