In this study, exchange rate pass-through into the export prices and import prices is analyzed separately at the disaggregate level. The study also attempts to differentiate exchange rate pass-through in the short-run and long-run. To analyze pass-through in the short-run, dynamic modeling is used. To analyze pass-through in the long-run, cointegration analysis is conducted. Estimation results show that exchange rate pass-through into the import prices is complete even at the disaggregate level. However, there is variation in the pass-through into the export prices across sectors both in the short-run and long-run. Not all exporting sectors, even in a small open economy like Turkey, are price takers in the foreign markets.

In this thesis the quiddity of knowledge in Kant&#039 / s critical philosophy has been investigated within the historical context of the problem. In order to illustrate the origins of the subject-matter of the dissertation, the historical background of Kant&#039 / s views on the theory of knowledge has been researched too. As a result of this research, it is concluded that Kant did not invent a new philosophical problem, but he tried to improve a decisive solution for one of the oldest question of history of philosophy i.e., &ldquo / How is synthetic a priori knowledge is possible?&rdquo / The theoretical dimension of Kant&#039 / s theory of knowledge is reserved for this purpose. The above mentioned question is not new neither for us nor for Kant, but his answer and his philosophical stand have clearly revolutionary meaning both for us and for him. This thesis claims that his stand-point not only leads to an original epoch for the theory of knowledge, but creates a serious possibility for a new ontology explicating the quiddity of knowledge.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the problems that use of idealizations in science leads to. Idealizations are simplifications and therefore false descriptions of how actual objects behave. Presence of idealizations in scientific theories is the reason for the problems in our understanding of confirmation of theories and also of scientific explanations. Nevertheless, idealizations are ubiquitous especially in natural sciences. Scientists have to employ idealizations because of the complexity of the real world and our limited capacity of computation. The roots of the methodology of modern science are in Cartesian philosophy. I propose that Descartes also employed idealizations in his theory of motion in the universe. Idealized worlds can be regarded as simplifications of the real world. Scientific theories are literally false but they are true in the possible worlds which are similar to the real world. Models provide the connections between idealized laws and the real world. Construction of models of the actual world is based upon idealizations which are indispensable in the theoretical sciences. Theories can be indirectly confirmed by models denoting different aspects of the phenomena.

Cette thèse entend reconsidérer la notion de purgatoire telle qu’elle a été établie et utilisée par les historiens de la fin du XXe siècle ; démontrer que le purgatoire ainsi redéfini peut être identifié dans certains écrits du christianisme ancien, qui n’ont toutefois pas tous été reconnus par l’Église majoritaire ; documenter ce purgatoire et le situer dans son contexte historique, littéraire et religieux.Le corpus considéré comprend les sources bibliques à l’origine de l’imaginaire du purgatoire mises en regard d’écrits contemporains, ainsi que des textes rédigés en Afrique du Nord et en Égypte entre les IIe et IVe siècles, en latin, grec ou copte. Les écrits retenus permettent d’apprécier les différences de doctrines entre le christianisme de l’église majoritaire et une religiosité plus marginale, mais cultivant des références communes. / This thesis intends to reconsider the concept of purgatory as it was established and used by the historians of the late twentieth century; show that this redefined purgatory can be identified in some of the writings of Early Christianity, not always recognized by the mainstream Church; document that purgatory and place it in its historical, literary and religious context.The corpus includes the biblical sources considered to ground the representation of purgatory set against contemporary writings and texts from North Africa and Egypt, written between the second and fourth centuries AD, in Latin, Greek and Coptic. The selected writings allow us to appreciate the differences between the Christian doctrine of ecclesiastical authors and a more marginal spirituality, even though both share the same references.

Aborder l'oeuvre de prédication d'Albert Schweitzer aujourd'hui, c'est se donner la possibilité de comprendre sa personnalité, sa vie, son oeuvre humanitaire et intellectuelle autrement, à la lumière de son profond amour pour Jésus. Vivre l'appel de Jésus, là est l'ambition du pasteur Albert Schweitzer. Il donne à voir par sa prédication ce que l'enseignement de Jésus implique dans la vie de chaque homme. La prédication d'Albert Schweitzer est une équation dont les deux termes, mystique et éthique, portent les tensions de toute existence humaine. Pour lui, loin d'aboutir à un affrontement stérile, mystique et éthique, s'équilibrent et s'enracinent au coeur de l'Évangile. Il donne en partage, en une prédication, en une image, pareille à une fenêtre ouverte sur l'univers, l'amour infini de Jésus. Pour Albert Schweitzer le Royaume de Dieu est là où l'homme prie par sa vie, là où il agit, selon sa définition de l'eschatologie conséquente. Schweitzer a toujours évité de se laisser enfermer dans un système dogmatique, voulant bâtir une prédication où pensée et action naissent l'une de l'autre en un mouvement de vie. / To study the sermons of Albert Schweitzer today provides the opportunity to understand his personality, his life, his intellectual and humanitarian work in the light of his profound love forJesus. Living the call of Jesus, here is the ambition of Pastor Albert Schweitzer. He shows, through his sermons, the meaning of the teachings of Jesus in the life of each man or woman. The sermons of Albert Schweitzer reflect the tensions between two poles, mystical and ethical, which reveal the tensions of all human existence. For him, far from being a sterile tension, the mystical and ethical find equilibrium through their roots in the heart of the New Testament. He shares with us with a sermon, with an image, like a window open to the universe, the infinite love of Jesus. For Schweitzer, the Kingdom of God is where man prays with his life, and where he acts, according to his definition of consequential eschatology. Schweitzer always avoided letting himself be imprisoned in a dogmatic system. He wanted to build a sermon, where thought and action reinforce each other in the movement of life.

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This thesis deals with the usage of optical signal in aircraft navigation systems. The solution is based upon the creation of runway identi cation system working with the record of an onboard camera.

Die Arbeit stellt die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen von Aktienleerverkäufen auf die Liquidität, die Preisfindung und auf die Volatilität von Aktienmärkten dar. Zudem werden die nach der Finanzmarktkrise 2008 in den USA und in Deutschland und in Großbritannien erlassenen Leerverkaufsregulierungen untersucht. Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Analyse der aktuellen US-Leerverkaufsgesetzgebung sowie der europäischen Leerverkaufsverordnung (EU) 236/2012. / This thesis analyses the economic impact short selling has on liquidity, price formation and volatility of stock markets. Moreover it thoroughly describes the regulatory measures that were taken with regard to short selling in the United States, in Germany and in Great Britain after the financial crises in 2008. The main focus of this thesis is on the current short selling regulation in the US and on the European Short Selling Directive EU 236/2012

This study enters into the dialog within Christian theology between annihilationism and traditionalism on the nature of eternal punishment. The positions and issues within the topic will be examined theologically and analyzed doctrinally. In my first chapter I will summarize the views and arguments in the debate, establish operating definitions, address preliminary issues, and provide some historical context. I will establish a thesis agenda with dual aspects: negatively, to examine and critique annihilationism on theological grounds, and positively to offer arguments for a modified traditionalism. Chapters two, three, and four primarily serve the negative purpose. Chapter two critically considers annihilationism on exegetical and hermeneutical issues, concluding that the view is inferior to traditionalism. Chapter three examines annihilationism for consistency with other areas of Christian theology, concluding that the view generates major theological problems in Christology. Chapter four considers both annihilationism and traditionalism regarding the disproportionality problem of hell, concluding that annihilationism and two types of traditionalism can resolve the problem but of these three only one sort of traditionalism can do so whilst also satisfying other important theological criteria. Regarding the negative aspect of the thesis, I conclude that the severe theological problems in annihilationism constitute sufficient reason to reject the view. In chapter five I accomplish the positive aspect of this thesis, offering six criteria of success for any view of eternal punishment. I then provide detailed argumentation for a modified traditionalism called reconciliationism, concluding it best meets these criteria and is the most theologically and exegetically satisfying view on offer. In the concluding chapter I state this thesis' contributions, suggest several areas for further research, and offer some implications for pastoral theology. I finally conclude that annihilationism has seemingly insurmountable theological problems, but a modified traditionalism can succeed as a doctrine of hell.