Alkyl derivatives of mercury, especially methylmercury, bring a significant risk to the environment and the human population. Methylmercury is highly toxic compound, which have the potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in tissues of aquatic organisms. This diploma thesis deals with issues of alkyl derivatives of mercury in biotic matrices. The goal of this thesis was to analyze fish tissues. Fish were caught from the river Svratka at the inflow and at the outflow of wastewater treatment plant. Methylmercury was determined in fish muscles and skin. Total mercury was determined in fish muscles. The extraction based on acidic digestion in hydrochloric acid and subsequent extraction with toluene was used for isolation of methylmercury from fish tissues. There was used gas chromatography with electron capture microdetector for determination of methylmercury. Total mercury was determined by special analyzer AMA 254.

This thesis is focused on the assessment of contamination of non-agricultural soils of selected locations in Ostrava of hazardous metals. Selection of locations was based on the stationary pollution source REZZO1. Total 36 collected samples from 12 locations in three times periods between July 2010 and March 2011 that each collection represented a different time period for characteristic emissions conditions. The risk of metals mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and chromium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, ET AAS, AMA 254).The influence of the distance of locations from stationary sources of REZZO1 on the extent of soil contamination by selected metals was confirmed.

Tato diplomová práce pojednává o stanovení vybraných kovů v energetických odpadech, jako je úletový popílek, škvára, struska, ložový popel, produkt odsíření apod., které pocházejí ze čtyř moravských tepláren. Extrakce kovů z energetických materiálů byla provedena Tessierovou extrakcí. Za tímto účelem byla použita extrakční činidla chlorid hořečnatý (MgCl2), octan sodný (CH3COONa), hydroxylamin hydrochlorid v kyselině octové (NH2OH.HCl v CH3COOH), peroxid vodíku v kyselině dusičné (H2O2 v HNO3) a kyselina fluorovodíková (HF). Extrakce probíhala při teplotách 25°C a 40°C. Ve všech frakcích byly stanoveny olovo, měď a kadmium s využitím atomové absorpční spektrometrie (F AAS, ET AAS) a rtuť metodou AMA 254.

Diploma thesis deals with the risk assessment of metals in soils near roads in the city of Brno. For samples collection has been chosen twenty-five localities which were divided into five groups depending on the traffic load, in order to compare the impact of transport on the risk of soil contamination with metals. In the soil samples were determined levels of six hazardous metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu). Lead, zinc, nickel and copper were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), cadmium by the electrotermic atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and mercury by the advanced mercury analyzer AMA 254.

Da Prüfungen und Tests häufig dazu dienen, den Zugang zu Bildungsprogrammen zu steuern und die Grundlage zur Abschlussvergabe am Ende von Bildungsprogrammen bilden, ist ihre Fairness und Validität von größter Bedeutung. Ein kontrovers diskutierter Aspekt standardisierter Tests ist die Verwendung von Zeitlimits. Unabhängig davon ob eine Testadministration Zeitdruck hervorrufen soll oder nicht, sollten Testentwickler:innen in die Lage versetzt werden, den Zeitdruck einer Testadministrationen explizit gestalten zu können. Zu diesem Zweck schlägt van der Linden (2011a, 2011b) einen Ansatz zur Kontrolle des Zeitdrucks von Tests in der automatisierten Testhefterstellung (ATA) unter Verwendung von Mixed Integer Linear Programming und eines lognormalen Antwortzeitmodells vor. Dabei hat der Ansatz von van der Linden jedoch eine zentrale Limitation: Er ist auf das zwei-parametrische lognormale Antwortzeitmodell beschränkt, das gleiche Geschwindigkeits-Sensitivitäten (d.h. Faktorladungen) für alle Items annimmt. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass ansonsten parallele Testhefte mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeits-Sensitivitäten für bestimmte Testteilnehmende unfair sind. Darüber hinaus wird eine Erweiterung des van der Linden-Ansatzes vorgestellt, die unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeits-Sensitivitäten von Items in ATA berücksichtigt. Weiter wird diskutiert, wie Testhefte mit identischen, aber unterschiedlich angeordneten Items zu Fairness-Problemen aufgrund von Item-Positionseffekten führen können und wie dies verhindert werden kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit enthält zusätzlich Anleitungen zur Verwendung des R-Pakets eatATA für ATA und zur Verwendung von Stan und rstan für Bayesianische hierarchische Antwortzeitmodellierung. Abschließend werden Alternativen, praktische Implikationen und Grenzen der vorgeschlagenen Ansätze diskutiert und Vorschläge für zukünftige Forschungsthemen gemacht. / As examinations and assessments are often used to control access to educational programs and to assess successful participation in an educational program, their fairness and validity is of great importance. A controversially discussed aspect of standardized tests is setting time limits on tests and how this practice can result in test speededness. Regardless of whether a test should be speeded or not, being able to deliberately control the speededness of tests is desirable. For this purpose, van der Linden (2011a, 2011b) proposed an approach to control the speededness of tests in automated test assembly (ATA) using mixed integer linear programming and a lognormal response time model. However, the approach by van der Linden (2011a, 2011b) has an important limitation, in that it is restricted to the two-parameter lognormal response time model which assumes equal speed sensitivities (i.e., factor loadings) across items. This thesis demonstrates that otherwise parallel test forms with differential speed sensitivities are indeed unfair for specific test-takers. Furthermore, an extension of the van der Linden approach is introduced, which incorporates speed sensitivities in ATA. Additionally, test speededness can undermine the fairness of a test if identical but differently ordered test forms are used. To prevent that the score of test-takers depends on whether easy or difficult items are located at the end of a test form, it is proposed that the same, most time intensive items should be placed at the end of all test forms. The thesis also provides introductions and tutorials on using the R package eatATA for ATA and using Stan and rstan for Bayesian hierarchical response time modeling. Finally, the thesis discusses alternatives, practical implications, and limitations of the proposed approaches and provides an outlook on future related research topics.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Guarilha P de Freitas.pdf: 880892 bytes, checksum: 40e48c5886660a2ffbfb45835061694f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-06 / This work aims to analyze and explore the controversial and relevant aspects inserted in the context of the working control, giving special emphasis to the aspects related to the mandatory bid rule and to the responsibility of the controlling shareholder for the misuse of his control power. Therefore, we have analyzed (i) the origin and the economic justification of the pattern of dispersion of the company s capital stock, which permits the appearance of the working control; (ii) the dynamism of the corporate control; (iii) the main aspects associated to the definition of the working control; (iv) the mandatory bid for the changing of the corporate control; (v) the responsibility of the minority shareholders for the misuse of the corporate power / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e explorar os aspectos controversos e relevantes presentes num contexto de controle minoritário, sobretudo aqueles relacionados à oferta pública por alienação de controle e à responsabilidade do acionista controlador. Para tanto, analisamos (i) a origem e a justificativa econômica do modelo de dispersão acionaria, modelo esse que propicia o surgimento do controle minoritário; (ii) a dinâmica do poder de controle; (iii) os principais contornos relacionados à definição do controle minoritário; (iv) a oferta pública por alienação de controle; e (v) a responsabilidade do acionista controlador minoritário por abuso do poder de controle

Introduction: Rustenburg is a fast growing city in the world. This growth influences establishment of new faith based churches which is, in many respects at the expense of mission churches. The HIV/AIDS pandemic and diseases related to stresses results in movement of Christians from one church to the other. Christians are vulnerable when facing life stressors which results into changing allegiance to a particular church. This is a qualitative descriptive/ exploratory study Method: The researcher purposely selected respondents from the black Christian community of Rustenburg. These are those Christians who have moved from one church to join another .From these interviews the themes that emanate are discussed. Leaders of prominent churches were also interviewed . Findings: The qualities of church leaders have an influence on the movement of its members. The media, especially the local radio station has been widely used to attract new members. The availability of a pastor in times of need plays a vital role. Power struggles seem to disappoint some loyal Christians who may reluctantly leave the church. Financial benefits also play an important role in attracting membership. The faith based churches have grown both in numbers and in membership. Women with their healing power are active especially in the Zion churches. The help seeking behaviour of Christians also influences their affiliation to a particular church such as seeking / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Bien que le Code de droit canonique prévoie au canon 281 la rémunération des clercs et leur assistance sociale en cas de maladie, d’invalidité ou de vieillesse, cette disposition est loin d’être appliquée convenablement aux prêtres séculiers de Centrafrique. En plus de la pauvreté structurelle, le pays est en proie à une guerre civile qui a détruit tout le tissu socio-économique. Mais la guerre ne justifie pas tout. Il y a un problème de gestion et d’administration des biens ecclésiastiques. La gestion rigoureuse et transparente des maigres ressources financières dont dispose l’Église reste un défi majeur. S’il est vrai que la subsistance du clergé est de la responsabilité de l’Église, les prêtres ont aussi une part importante à jouer. Notre thèse propose les mesures à prendre pour rendre possible l’auto-prise en charge des prêtres en Centrafrique. / Although the Code of Canon Law provides at canon 281 the remuneration of clerics and their social assistance in case of sickness, invalidity or old age, this provision is far from being properly applied to the secular priests of Central Africa. In addition to structural poverty, the country is in the throes of a civil war that has destroyed the entire socio-economic fabric. But war does not justify everything. There is a problem of management and administration of ecclesiastical goods. The rigorous and transparent management of the meager financial resources available to the Church remains a major challenge. While it is true that clergy subsistence is the responsibility of the Church, priests also have an important part to play. Our thesis proposes the steps to be taken to make possible the self-reliance of the priests in the Central African Republic.

In the years following the Religious Worship Census of 1851, there was a general increase in anxiety about the state of working-class churchgoing. Many prominent church leaders and social commentators believed that rapid industrialisation and urbanisation had led to the ‘alienation’ of the working classes from the practice of religious worship. The working classes were largely seen as ‘irreligious’ and not interested in aligning themselves to the customs of the rising middle classes who were seen as the stalwarts of the churches. The later nineteenth century was a time of anxiety for many clergy, and prominent social investigators, such as Charles Booth, carried out studies into the extent of poverty amongst various sections of society. A growing recognition of the problem of poverty led to some considering that financial disadvantage was a barrier to the churchgoing habits of the working classes. However, these ‘pessimistic’ perceptions of working-class churchgoing could originate from very different interpretations of the new industrial world, and from different conceptions of human nature. A large part of Karl Marx’s legacy has been his linking of ‘irreligion’ to the oppression of the ‘proletariat’ under industrial capitalism and Frederick Engels legitimised Marx’s theories with his 1845 book on the Condition of the Working Classes in England. However, part of the problem of interpreting Victorian affiliation to the churches is that so much effort has gone into either supporting or refuting the Marxist view amongst historians that the actual purpose of the enquiry has been somewhat lost. There has developed in recent years a rather disconnected debate with the ‘revisionist’ case the strongest and the belief that churches were middle-class institutions overturned by a recourse to ‘social composition analysis’. In effect, the revisionists have employed the use of the occupational analysis of churchgoers from which to discern the social ‘class’ make up of individual churches, which has provided evidence for widespread and significant working-class churchgoing. However, when this methodology is investigated, it is not hard to find critics of the use of occupational titles as a guide to nineteenth-century social ‘class’. This study is an attempt to look at churchgoing from a point of view that does not rely on occupational labels as the indicator of the social make-up of churches. Rather, it employs the use of the Scottish valuation rolls, which provided the official rented value of all properties, as a tool from which to develop a wide-ranging analysis of churchgoing, work and status in a nineteenth-century industrial town. It is, in large part, a study of housing and employment structures as gauged from a systematic analysis of the valuation rolls, the results of which are then measured against the four main Presbyterian churches of the town. The subject of the research is Falkirk because it experienced the transition from a traditional to industrial economy needed to evaluate the impact of industrialisation on working-class churchgoing. The study spans 1860 to 1890 and evaluates both points in time. It is effectively a historical investigation into the social and occupational structure of Falkirk town householders and how the main Presbyterian churches of the area reflected this societal formation. It naturally includes a large component of how social ‘status’ was ordered amongst the core householder population in terms of work, social relations, property and churchgoing. In addition, the methodology employed in the form of property valuations has produced a critique of the traditional system of classification by occupation and somewhat challenged its reliability.

Este trabalho tem como tema a relação intertextual entre peças teatrais de Plauto, Molière e Suassuna estabelecida a partir da recorrência de temas e de caracteres desenvolvidos pelo comediógrafo romano na composição da comédia clássica. Para a contextualização das comédias na história e na literatura, foi abordada a questão do riso e do cômico ao longo dos séculos, bem como a relevância e a originalidade de cada um dos autores no panorama teatral. Como objeto de análise comparativa, foram tomadas as peças A Aululária, de Plauto; O Avarento, de Molière; e O Santo e a Porca, de Ariano Suassuna. A proposta deste estudo é mostrar como temas e personagens elaborados por Plauto foram relidos, transformados e integrados à obra de Molière e, posteriormente, à de Suassuna. No confronto entre as obras foi considerada a inovação e a reutilização de efeitos cômicos empregados pelos autores, de acordo com as teorias sobre a comicidade de Bergson e de Propp. A intertextualidade foi o conceito-chave para a análise de aspectos pontuais recorrentes entre as peças, em especial o personagem do avarento. / The present work discusses intertextual relations between theater plays by Plauto, Molière and Ariano Suassuna starting from recurrent themes and characters developed by the classical Roman comediographer. In order to place comedies in a proper historical and literary context, the development of laughter and the comic throughout the centuries as well as relevant and original traits contributed by each of the three playwrights have been analysed. The plays Aulularia (The Pot of Gold) by Plauto, O Avarento (The Miser) by Molière, and O Santo e a Porca (The Saint and the Sow) by Ariano Suassuna were compared in order to show how themes and characters created by Plauto were re-read, transformed and assimilated by Molière and later on by Suassuna. Concepts such as innovation and reworking of comic effects employed by the authors were analysed according to Bergson’s and Propp’s theory of the comic. Intertextuality was as a key concept in the analysis of these recurrent theatrical aspects – in particular the character of the Miser.