Die Entwicklungen in den Sozialen Berufen sind seit jeher eng verbunden mit dem gesellschaftlichen Interesse an der Absicherung der Erziehung, Betreuung, Beratung, Begleitung und Pflege von Menschen in unterschiedlichen Lebenslagen. Mit den an die Entwicklung der modernen Gesellschaft gebundenen Pluralisierungs- und Entgrenzungsprozessen werden Pflege, Erziehung und Betreuung immer mehr zu öffentlichen Aufgaben. Dabei entwickeln sich neue Aufgaben, die den Bedarf an professionellem sozialen Handeln zusätzlich bestimmen. Der Sektor personenbezogener sozialer Dienstleistungen wuchs in den vergangenen Jahren stetig an und expandierte zu einem Sektor mit erheblicher volkswirtschaftlicher Relevanz. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Expansion des Sektors personbezogener sozialer Dienstleistungen bei gleichzeitigem Rückzug des Sozialstaates aus der monetären Absicherung der Leistungen greifen die vielschichtigen Entgrenzungsprozesse auf die Entwicklung der Beruflichkeit im sozialen Bereich über. Als Antwort auf veränderte Bedarfe etablieren sich in diesem Kontext aktuell neue, insbesondere privatwirtschaftliche, Formen der Leistungserbringung. Gegenwärtig lassen sich als Reaktion auf diese Realität Bestrebungen erkennen, Auflösungs- und Differenzierungsprozessen in den Bereichen der sozialen Arbeit mit Differenzierung und Spezialisierung in beruflicher Ausbildung zu begegnen. Tatsächlich erscheint es notwendig, im Hinblick auf sich verändernde Anforderungen im Sektor personenbezogener sozialer Dienstleistungen ein verändertes Verständnis von Beruflichkeit hervorzubringen. Den Kontext der vorliegenden Arbeit bildet die Etablierung der Ausbildung zur/zum "Staatlich geprüften Sozialassistentin/Staatlich geprüften Sozialassistenten" in Sachsen. Auch in Sachsen wurde der Beruf "Staatlich geprüfte Sozialassistentin/Staatlich geprüfter Sozialassistent" im Rahmen eines Schulversuches erprobt und nach insgesamt fünfjähriger Erprobungsphase mit Beginn des Schuljahres 2002/2003 als reguläres Ausbildungsangebot eingeführt. Hier wurden mit der Einführung dieses Berufes - auf den bundesweiten Vergleich bezogen - neue Wege beschritten. Vor dem Hintergrund der Sozialassistentinnenausbildung in Sachsen beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Beruflichkeit in Sozialen Berufen und bezieht diese auf die Bestimmung einer breit angelegten Erstausbildung für den Sektor personenbezogener sozialer Dienstleistungen. Dabei bezieht sich die Arbeit auf Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Schulversuches zur Einführung der Ausbildung "Staatlich geprüfte Sozialassistentin/Staatlich geprüfter Sozialassistent" in Sachsen durch die Technische Universität Dresden.

Bakgrund Bakgrunden till arbetet grundar sig i att ledarskap är ett komplext ämne som kan definieras på flera olika sätt. I det här arbetet bryter vi ner definitionen av ledarskap och utgår från tre ledarskapsstilar. Ledarskap är ett relevant och viktigt fenomen att studera då det återfinns överallt i samhället och kan skapa en känsla av sammanhang. Det finns också risker med ledarskap som kan leda till minskad arbetstillfredsställelse, fel beslut eller att organisationen tappar konkurrensfördelar. Syfte I denna studie undersöks ledarskapet genom tre-dimensionsmodellen som omfattas av relationsorienterat, uppgiftsorienterat samt förändrings- och utvecklingsorienterat ledarskap. Syftet med studien är att undersöka samt analysera ledarskapet genom både tre-dimensionsmodellen och en 360 graders utvärdering för att därigenom belysa aspekter av ledarskapet samt skapa förutsättningar till utveckling inom ledarskapet. Detta genom attkombinera tre-dimensionsmodellen med en 360 graders utvärdering som innebär att den aktuella ledaren får återkoppling både horisontellt och vertikalt. Metod Arbetet bygger på kvalitativ metod i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Det genomfördes totalt nio intervjuer. De nio intervjupersoner som deltog i studien var den aktuella ledare, ledarens chef, två kollegor och fem medarbetare. Slutsats Studien undersöker en ledare inom en organisation i syfte att belysa delar som appliceras inom ledarskapet. Men även för att fånga upp och lyfta fram utvecklingsmöjligheter för organisationen och den aktuella ledaren. Studien kan användas som vägledning för att öka kompetensen kring ledarskap. Studien visar att en 360 graders utvärdering kan skapa förutsättningar för utveckling inom ledarskapet. Genom en 360 graders utvärdering etablerasen bild av ledaren från flera perspektiv vilket bidar till att skapa en bild och lägga ett pussel som visar ledarens egenskaper utifrån fler perspektiv i syfte att lyfta fram utvecklingsmöjligheter hos den aktuella ledaren. / Background Leadership is a complex subject that requires several definitions. In this study, we will break down the definition of leadership into three different styles. The subject of leadership is a relevant and important topic to study due to its prevalence in society, and its ability to create a context. There are also risks surrounding the leadership role which may lead to a decreased satisfaction at work, making wrong decisions, or loosing competitive advantages. Purpose In this study, the subject of leadership is examined through the three-dimensional model, which consists of relationship-oriented, task-oriented, and change- and development-oriented leadership. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze leadership through the three-dimensional model and a 360-degree appraisal feedback process and highlight the leadership aspect, in order to create conditions for leadership development. By combining the two methods, the leader will receive feedback both horizontally and vertically. Method This study is based on a qualitative method in the shape of semi-structured interviews. A total of nine interviews were conducted. The people who were interviewed were: a leader, the boss of a leader, two colleagues of a leader as well as five employees of a leader.  Conclusion This study examines the role of a leader within an organization with the aim of highlighting leadership applications and to highlight opportunities for development, both for the organization and the leader. This study can be used as a guide in order to increase knowledge around the subject of leadership. The study shows that the application of a 360-degree appraisal feedback process can create conditions for development within leadership. By using this survey, we will look at the role of the leader from several perspectives in order to highlight development opportunities within the leadership.

The 4th Symposium on Management of Future Motorway and Urban Traffic Systems (MFTS) was held in Dresden, Germany, from November 30th to December 2nd, 2022. Organized by the Chair of Traffic Process Automation (VPA) at the “Friedrich List” Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences of the TU Dresden, the proceedings of this conference are published as volume 9 in the Chair’s publication series “Verkehrstelematik” and contain a large part of the presented conference extended abstracts. The focus of the MFTS conference 2022 was cooperative management of multimodal transport and reflected the vision of the professorship to be an internationally recognized group in ITS research and education with the goal of optimizing the operation of multimodal transport systems. In 14 MFTS sessions, current topics in demand and traffic management, traffic control in conventional, connected and automated transport, connected and autonomous vehicles, traffic flow modeling and simulation, new and shared mobility systems, digitization, and user behavior and safety were discussed. In addition, special sessions were organized, for example on “Human aspects in traffic modeling and simulation” and “Lesson learned from Covid19 pandemic”, whose descriptions and analyses are also included in these proceedings.:1 Connected and Automated Vehicles 1.1 Traffic-based Control of Truck Platoons on Freeways 1.2 A Lateral Positioning Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Lane-free Traffic 1.3 Simulation Methods for Mixed Legacy-Autonomous Mainline Train Operations 1.4 Can Dedicated Lanes for Automated Vehicles on Urban Roads Improve Traffic Efficiency? 1.5 GLOSA System with Uncertain Green and Red Signal Phases 2 New Mobility Systems 2.1 A New Model for Electric Vehicle Mobility and Energy Consumption in Urban Traffic Networks 2.2 Shared Autonomous Vehicles Implementation for a Disrupted Public Transport Network 3 Traffic Flow and Simulation 3.1 Multi-vehicle Stochastic Fundamental Diagram Consistent with Transportations Systems Theory 3.2 A RoundD-like Roundabout Scenario in CARLA Simulator 3.3 Multimodal Performance Evaluation of Urban Traffic Control: A Microscopic Simulation Study 3.4 A MILP Framework to Solve the Sustainable System Optimum with Link MFD Functions 3.5 On How Traffic Signals Impact the Fundamental Diagrams of Urban Roads 4 Traffic Control in Conventional Traffic 4.1 Data-driven Methods for Identifying Travel Conditions Based on Traffic and Weather Characteristics 4.2 AI-based Multi-class Traffic Model Oriented to Freeway Traffic Control 4.3 Exploiting Deep Learning and Traffic Models for Freeway Traffic Estimation 4.4 Automatic Design of Optimal Actuated Traffic Signal Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.5 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Traffic Light Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.6 Towards Efficient Incident Detection in Real-time Traffic Management 4.7 Dynamic Cycle Time in Traffic Signal of Cyclic Max-Pressure Control 5 Traffic Control with Autonomous Vehicles 5.1 Distributed Ordering and Optimization for Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicles 5.2 Prioritization of an Automated Shuttle for V2X Public Transport at a Signalized Intersection – a Real-life Demonstration 6 User Behaviour and Safety 6.1 Local Traffic Safety Analyzer (LTSA) - Improved Road Safety and Optimized Signal Control for Future Urban Intersections 7 Demand and Traffic Management 7.1 A Stochastic Programming Method for OD Estimation Using LBSN Check-in Data 7.2 Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zone for Public Transportation OD Matrix Estimation Based on Socio-spatial Practices 8 Workshops 8.1 How to Integrate Human Aspects Into Engineering Science of Transport and Traffic? - a Workshop Report about Discussions on Social Contextualization of Mobility 8.2 Learning from Covid: How Can we Predict Mobility Behaviour in the Face of Disruptive Events? – How to Investigate the Mobility of the Future / Das 4. Symposium zum Management zukünftiger Autobahn- und Stadtverkehrssysteme (MFTS) fand vom 30. November bis 2. Dezember 2022 in Dresden statt und wurde vom Lehrstuhl für Verkehrsprozessautomatisierung (VPA) an der Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften„Friedrich List“ der TU Dresden organisiert. Der Tagungsband erscheint als Band 9 in der Schriftenreihe „Verkehrstelematik“ des Lehrstuhls und enthält einen Großteil der vorgestellten Extended-Abstracts des Symposiums. Der Schwerpunkt des MFTS-Symposiums 2022 lag auf dem kooperativen Management multimodalen Verkehrs und spiegelte die Vision der Professur wider, eine international anerkannte Gruppe in der ITS-Forschung und -Ausbildung mit dem Ziel der Optimierung des Betriebs multimodaler Transportsysteme zu sein. In 14 MFTS-Sitzungen wurden aktuelle Themen aus den Bereichen Nachfrage- und Verkehrsmanagement, Verkehrssteuerung im konventionellen, vernetzten und automatisierten Verkehr, vernetzte und autonome Fahrzeuge, Verkehrsflussmodellierung und -simulation, neue und geteilte Mobilitätssysteme, Digitalisierung sowie Nutzerverhalten und Sicherheit diskutiert. Darüber hinaus wurden Sondersitzungen organisiert, beispielsweise zu „Menschlichen Aspekten bei der Verkehrsmodellierung und -simulation“ und „Lektionen aus der Covid-19-Pandemie“, deren Beschreibungen und Analysen ebenfalls in diesen Tagungsband einfließen.:1 Connected and Automated Vehicles 1.1 Traffic-based Control of Truck Platoons on Freeways 1.2 A Lateral Positioning Strategy for Connected and Automated Vehicles in Lane-free Traffic 1.3 Simulation Methods for Mixed Legacy-Autonomous Mainline Train Operations 1.4 Can Dedicated Lanes for Automated Vehicles on Urban Roads Improve Traffic Efficiency? 1.5 GLOSA System with Uncertain Green and Red Signal Phases 2 New Mobility Systems 2.1 A New Model for Electric Vehicle Mobility and Energy Consumption in Urban Traffic Networks 2.2 Shared Autonomous Vehicles Implementation for a Disrupted Public Transport Network 3 Traffic Flow and Simulation 3.1 Multi-vehicle Stochastic Fundamental Diagram Consistent with Transportations Systems Theory 3.2 A RoundD-like Roundabout Scenario in CARLA Simulator 3.3 Multimodal Performance Evaluation of Urban Traffic Control: A Microscopic Simulation Study 3.4 A MILP Framework to Solve the Sustainable System Optimum with Link MFD Functions 3.5 On How Traffic Signals Impact the Fundamental Diagrams of Urban Roads 4 Traffic Control in Conventional Traffic 4.1 Data-driven Methods for Identifying Travel Conditions Based on Traffic and Weather Characteristics 4.2 AI-based Multi-class Traffic Model Oriented to Freeway Traffic Control 4.3 Exploiting Deep Learning and Traffic Models for Freeway Traffic Estimation 4.4 Automatic Design of Optimal Actuated Traffic Signal Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.5 A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Dynamic Traffic Light Control with Transit Signal Priority 4.6 Towards Efficient Incident Detection in Real-time Traffic Management 4.7 Dynamic Cycle Time in Traffic Signal of Cyclic Max-Pressure Control 5 Traffic Control with Autonomous Vehicles 5.1 Distributed Ordering and Optimization for Intersection Management with Connected and Automated Vehicles 5.2 Prioritization of an Automated Shuttle for V2X Public Transport at a Signalized Intersection – a Real-life Demonstration 6 User Behaviour and Safety 6.1 Local Traffic Safety Analyzer (LTSA) - Improved Road Safety and Optimized Signal Control for Future Urban Intersections 7 Demand and Traffic Management 7.1 A Stochastic Programming Method for OD Estimation Using LBSN Check-in Data 7.2 Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zone for Public Transportation OD Matrix Estimation Based on Socio-spatial Practices 8 Workshops 8.1 How to Integrate Human Aspects Into Engineering Science of Transport and Traffic? - a Workshop Report about Discussions on Social Contextualization of Mobility 8.2 Learning from Covid: How Can we Predict Mobility Behaviour in the Face of Disruptive Events? – How to Investigate the Mobility of the Future

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Multimodality is a main requirement for future Urban Traffic Control (UTC). For cities and traffic engineers to implement multimodal UTC, a holistic, multimodal assessment of UTC measures is needed. This paper proposes a Multimodal Performance Index (MPI), which considers the delays and number of stops of different transport modes that are weighted to each other. To determine suitable mode-specific weights, a case study for the German city Ingolstadt is conducted using the microscopic simulation tool SUMO. In the case study, different UTC measures (bus priority, coordination for cyclists, coordination for private vehicle traffic) are implemented to a varying extent and evaluated according to different weight settings. The MPI calculation is done both network-wide and intersection-specific. The results indicate that a weighting according to the occupancy level of modes, as mainly proposed in the literature so far, is not sufficient. This applies particularly to cycling, which should be weighted according to its positive environmental impact instead of its occupancy. Besides, the modespecific weights have to correspond to the traffic-related impact of the mode-specific UTC measures. For Ingolstadt, the results are promising for a weighting according to the current modal split and a weighting with incentives for sustainable modes.

Being widely adopted by the transportation and planning practitioners, the fundamental diagram (FD) is the primary tool used to relate the key macroscopic traffic variables of speed, flow, and density. We empirically analyze the relation between vehicular space-mean speeds and flows given different signal settings and postulate a parsimonious parametric function form of the traditional FD where its function parameters are explicitly modeled as a function of the signal plan factors. We validate the proposed formulation using data from signalized urban road segments in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. The proposed formulation builds our understanding of how changes to signal settings impact the FDs, and more generally the congestion patterns, of signalized urban segments.

In this extended abstract, we propose an Artificial Intelligence-based model dedicated to the representation of a multi-class traffic flow, i.e. a traffic flow in which different vehicle classes (at least cars and trucks) are explicitly represented, with the aim of using it for the development of freeway traffic control schemes based on ramp management. Specifically, the goal of this work is to develop a hybrid modelling technique in which a Machine Learning component and the multi-class version of METANET model are adopted to determine a better estimation and forecasting tool for freeway traffic. The resulting model is specifically devised in order to be included in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme for the required traffic state prediction.

Traffic light control (TLC) with transit signal priority (TSP) is an effective way to deal with urban congestion and travel delay. The growing amount of available connected vehicle data offers opportunities for signal control with transit priority, but the conventional control algorithms fall short in fully exploiting those datasets. This paper proposes a novel approach for dynamic TLC with TSP at an urban intersection. We propose a deep reinforcement learning based framework JenaRL to deal with the complex real-world intersections. The optimisation focuses on TSP while balancing the delay of all vehicles. A two-layer state space is defined to capture the real-time traffic information, i.e. vehicle position, type and incoming lane. The discrete action space includes the optimal phase and phase duration based on the real-time traffic situation. An intersection in the inner city of Jena is constructed in an open-source microscopic traffic simulator SUMO. A time-varying traffic demand of motorised individual traffic (MIT), the current TLC controller of the city, as well as the original timetables of the public transport (PT) are implemented in simulation to construct a realistic traffic environment. The results of the simulation with the proposed framework indicate a significant enhancement in the performance of traffic light controller by reducing the delay of all vehicles, and especially minimising the loss time of PT.

Public transport prioritization is used at signalized intersections to reduce travel times and increase the attractiveness of public transport. In the future, analog communication technologies for public transport prioritization are soon to be replaced by the promising vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology. This abstract presents a holistic approach using V2X communication in public transport prioritization for an automated vehicle. In order to take full advantage of the V2X technology, this means to V2X-enable the traffic infrastructure and change the way of communication as well as the traffic light control. The approach was implemented and tested under real-life conditions at the research intersection Tostmannplatz in Braunschweig.