This thesis evaluates the possibility of using millimeter waves of frequency 28GHz for the use of wireless backhaul in small cell solutions in the coming fifth generation mobile networks. This frequency band has not been used in preceding mobile networks but is undergoing a lot of research. In this thesis simulations are performed to evaluate how the high frequency waves behave inside a three dimensional grid of buildings. The simulations use highly directive antenna arrays with antenna gains of 26dBi. A main results of the investigation was that a high bandwidth of 800MHz was not enough to provide 12Gbps in non line-of-sight propagation within the simulations. Furthermore, without interference limiting techniques, the interference is probable to dominate the noise, even though the high diffraction losses of millimeter waves propose that interference should be very limited in urban areas.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-27T11:17:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dalton Foltran de Souza - 2018.pdf: 3869661 bytes, checksum: 5fa93e5e35c983cbefa148826a07a3ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-27T11:20:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dalton Foltran de Souza - 2018.pdf: 3869661 bytes, checksum: 5fa93e5e35c983cbefa148826a07a3ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:20:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dalton Foltran de Souza - 2018.pdf: 3869661 bytes, checksum: 5fa93e5e35c983cbefa148826a07a3ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-04 / With the development of the next generation of mobile communications systems for 5G, several technologies are being studied aiming to reach the new requirements in new application scenarios. Among them, is the use of new modulations with higher spectral efficiency in substitution of OFDM, such as F-OFDM and UFMC, and also the scheduling algorithms which are in charge of sharing resources between users. In this work, we evaluated the application of F-OFDM and UFMC, 5G modulations candidates, on downlink LTE compared with OFDM and evaluated the schedulers Round Robin, QoS Guaranteed and PSO dealing with additional resources provided by the tested modulations. For that, we compared performance considering parameters like fairness, latency, throughput and spectral efficiency. The results showed that the downlink LTE improved performance in all evaluated parameters with UFMC modulation. In fact, there were a performance improvement in all schedulers evaluated. For example, PSO based scheduler improved latency and throughput while QoS Guaranteed reached the lowest loss, as the highest fairness were reached by QoS Guaranteed and Round Robin. Also, we propose a scheduling algorithm that takes into account the queue size in the user buffer and channel quality to maximize throughput and fairness in the LTE downlink network. The metrics evaluated were transmission efficiency, throughput, fairness, delay and losses. The proposed algorithm achieved better results for all evaluated metrics. / Com o desenvolvimento da próxima geração dos sistemas de comunicação móvel sem fio (5G) diversas tecnologias estão sendo estudadas com o objetivo de se atender aos novos requisitos de desempenho em diferentes cenários de aplicação. Dentre elas, está a utilização de modulações com maior eficiência espectral em substituição à OFDM, como F-OFDM e UFMC, como também os algoritmos de escalonamento que são responsáveis pelo compartilhamento dos recursos aos usuários. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a aplicação no downlink LTE das modulações F-OFDM e UFMC, candidatas ao 5G, comparadas a OFDM e avaliamos os escalonadores Round Robin, QoS Garantido e PSO ao lidar com recursos adicionais disponíveis proporcionados pelas modulações estudadas. Para tal, realizamos a análise de parâmetros de desempenho de tráfego, tais como vazão, índice de justiça, perda de dados e retardo médio. Os resultados mostraram que o enlace de descida do LTE apresentou melhor desempenho para todos os parâmetros analisados com a modulação UFMC. De fato, foram obtidas melhorias de desempenho para todos escalonadores avaliados. Como exemplo, o escalonador baseado em PSO apresentou melhorias no retardo e vazão, enquanto o escalonador QoS Garantido obteve menor taxa de perda de dados, sendo que índices de justiça mais elevados foram obtidos para os escalonadores QoS Garantido e Round Robin. Ainda, propusemos um escalonador que considera o tamanho da fila no buffer e a qualidade de canal visando maximizar a vazão e o índice de justiça no downlink da rede LTE. As métricas avaliadas foram eficiência de transmissão, vazão, índice de justiça, retardo e perda de dados. O algoritmo proposto alcançou melhores resultados em todas as métricas avaliadas em relação aos outros algoritmos considerados.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-02T18:19:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fausto da Silva Moraes - 2016.pdf: 3698287 bytes, checksum: cbcf2894f028c54e60d90033a04bdc5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T15:32:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fausto da Silva Moraes - 2016.pdf: 3698287 bytes, checksum: cbcf2894f028c54e60d90033a04bdc5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T15:32:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Fausto da Silva Moraes - 2016.pdf: 3698287 bytes, checksum: cbcf2894f028c54e60d90033a04bdc5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-09 / For the future of cellular networks is estimated a significant increase in the number of connected devices and the bulk data traffic, especially video content. That poses as a challenge for the next generation network. With the rise of new communications paradigm, D2D communication emerge as potential approach for cellular network data offloading, especially when paired with caching solutions within the network. Also, the impact of viral videos could be mitigated by proactively caching the contents being shared on Online Social Networks (OSNs). This work presents a new approach to proactive content cache for D2D-enabled networks, that is aware of users social interaction on OSN’s. Our proposal consists in the combination of user mobile and social informations to find the best located device to cache a content being shared online. Results obtained through simulation show that the proposed approach can improve offload rate, reduce energy consumption and provide a faster content access when compared with other work in literature. / As estimativas de um crescimento significativo do número de dispositivos conectados às redes sem fio e móveis, e do aumento do volume de dados trafegados, em especial o tráfego de conteúdo em vídeo, representam um desafio para a próxima geração de redes celulares. Com o surgimento de novos paradigmas de redes sem fio, a comunicação D2D (Dispositivo-a-Dispositivo) figura como uma abordagem promissora para permitir o descarregamento de dados da rede celular, principalmente quando aliada a técnicas de cache de conteúdo nos dispositivos dos usuários. Além disso, as informações de interações dos usuários em redes sociais online poderiam ser empregadas para suavizar o impacto dos vídeos virais sendo compartilhados entre os usuários, através de uma solução de cache proativa. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos uma proposta de cache proativo de conteúdo ciente às interações sociais online para redes com comunicação D2D. Em nossa proposta, determinamos de forma probabilística qual o melhor dispositivo para armazenar um conteúdo que esteja sendo compartilhado entre os usuários com base nas informações de contatos entre os usuários na rede D2D. Os resultados coletados com o simulador ns-3 mostram que a proposta apresentada pode melhorar o descarregamento de dados da rede celular, reduzir os gastos de energia dos dispositivos dos usuários, e fornecer tempos de transmissão de conteúdo menores, em comparação com outro trabalho da literatura,

As futuras redes de acesso sem-fio, como a quinta geração de telefonia celular (5G), estão introduzindo e consolidando diversas tecnologias, tais como a operação em ondas milimétricas, picocélulas e o emprego massivo de antenas para diversidade espacial e temporal. Todas essas mudanças trazem desafios para a capacidade dos enlaces presentes nessas redes, como o backhaul e fronthaul. Nas últimas gerações, o ifronthaul tem utilizado Rádio-sobre-Fibra Digital (D-RoF, Digital Radio-over Fiber). Entretanto, neste novo paradigma, o processo de digitalização pode vir a consumir uma largura de banda excessiva e a transmissão analógica dos sinais de RF sobre a fibra se torna uma solução mais atrativa. Ao mesmo tempo, WDM-PON (Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Passive-Optical-Network) é uma proeminente alternativa para o futuro das PONs, especialmente considerando o seu emprego como fronthaul. Para reduzir a necessidade de diversos transmissores diferentes, várias técnicas de auto-alimentação para obtenção de fontes ópticas agnósticas em comprimento de onda têm sido propostas. O presente trabalho faz um estudo de topologias de auto-alimentação com dupla cavidade para operarem como fronthaul analógico nas futuras redes de acesso sem-fio. Simulações numéricas utilizando o software Optisystem demonstram a viabilidade destas topologias em diversos cenários previstos para estas redes de acesso, especialmente considerando a operação em ondas milimétricas. Transmissões bem sucedidas foram obtidas para sinais ASK, M-PSK e M-QAM em frequências de microondas (1,25, 2,5 e 5 GHz) e ondas milimétricas (38 e 60 GHz) com vazões de 155 Mbps a 10 Gbps utilizando modulação direta e modulação externa. / Future radio access networks, such as the fifth generation mobile network (5G), are introducing and consolidating disruptive technologies, such as millimeter wave operation, dense picocell coverage and massive use of antennas for spatial and temporal diversity. These new technologies present a challenge for the capacity of the links that are present on these networks, including backhaul and fronthaul. In the latest cellular network generations, the fronthaul was typically implemented by Digital Radio-over-Fiber (D-RoF) technique. However, in this future context, the digitalization process would require a prohibitive bandwidth and the analog transmission of RF signals over the fiber can be a more attractive solution when compared to D-RoF. At the same time, Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON) is prominent alternative for the future of PONs, especially considering its use as fronthaul. In order to avoid employing numerous distinct transmitters, several self-seeding techniques have been proposed to achieve colorless optical sources. This dissertation presents a numerical study of double-cavity self-seeding topologies to serve as analog fronthaul for future radio access networks. Numerical simulations using the software Optisystem demonstrate the feasibility of these topologies in various scenarios envisioned for these access networks, especially considering operation in millimeter waves. Successful transmission was achieved for ASK, M-PSK and M-QAM signals at microwave (1.25, 2.5 and 5 GHz) and millimeter wave (38 and 60 GHz) frequencies with throughput of 155 Mbps to 10 Gbps using direct and external modulation.

Cette thèse présente une solution pour améliorer la mobilité des réseaux, dans le cadre de communications véhiculaires ainsi que pour la distribution de contenu. Les solutions actuelles pour les communications véhiculaires (c'est-à-dire lorsqu'un réseau est mobile) reposent sur la mise en place de tunnels, permettant également d'utiliser simultanément les différentes interfaces disponibles sur le véhicule (multi-homing). Même avec des tunnels, ces solutions ne sont pas en mesure d'équilibrer le trafic sur les interfaces réseau disponibles, elles ne parviennent pas à tirer partie du multi-homing. De plus, certaines des solutions existantes pour la mobilité de réseau cachent la mobilité aux hôtes connectés au routeur mobile. De fait, cela empêche les hôtes de participer aux décisions relatives au multi-homing, telles que le choix de l'interface réseau à utiliser, ce qui est pourtant utile pour réaliser du routage à moindre coût. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de combiner un protocole de mobilité réseau (tel que NEMO) avec le protocole de TCP-multivoies (MPTCP), ce qui permet aux nœuds hôtes de participer à la mobilité et au multi-homing. Cette nouvelle combinaison améliore significativement le routage et l'encapsulation de paquets causée par les tunnels. En outre, cela augmente le débit, la tolérance de panne, le temps d'aller-retour et réduit le délai de transmission. La deuxième contribution de ce travail propose une solution de continuité de session pour la distribution de contenu dans les réseaux 5G. Dans le réseau 5G, les équipements d'accès IP seront au plus proche des nœuds terminaux afin d'améliorer l'expérience utilisateur et de réduire la charge de trafic dans le réseau central. Le fait est qu'à un instant donné un terminal ne peut être raccordé qu'à une seule passerelle (SGW/PGW) à la fois. Et comme la passerelle change lors de la mobilité, les sessions en cours seront rompues, impactant les applications temps réelle, le streaming vidéo, les jeux, etc. Pour cela, la thèse présente une solution de continuité de session avec l'aide de TCP-multivoie en bénéficiant du fait que les serveurs de contenu sont stationnaires. / This thesis presents a solution for boosting network mobility in the context of vehicular communications and content distribution in fixed network. Existing solutions for vehicular communications (i.e., network mobility), relies on tunneling in order to use multiple available interfaces on a vehicle. Even with tunnels, these solutions are unable to balance the traffic over available network interfaces thus do not reach the goal to provide optimum multi-homing benefits. Moreover, some of the existing solutions for network mobility, hide the mobility from the hosts connected to the mobile router. This in result inhibits the host nodes from participating in multi-homing related decisions such as interface selection which can be helpful in performing least cost routing. In this thesis, we propose to combine network mobility protocol with MPTCP which enables the host nodes to participate in mobility and multi-homing. This novel combination significantly improves routing and tunneling packet overhead. Moreover it increases throughput, fault tolerance, round-trip time and reduces transmission delay. The second contribution of this work is providing a solution for session continuity in context of content distribution in 5G networks. In 5G network, the IP edges will be closer to the host nodes in order to improve the user experience and reduce traffic load in the core network. The fact that a host can only be connected to a single gateway (SGW/PGW) at a time, would break the ongoing sessions for real time applications like video streaming or gaming during an occurrence of mobility event requiring gateway relocation. The thesis presents the solution for session continuity with the help of multipath TCP by benefiting from the fact that the content servers are stationary.

Les réseaux fixes et mobiles font face à une croissance dramatique du trafic de données, qui est principalement due à la distribution de contenus vidéo. Les opérateurs Télécoms envisagent donc de décentraliser la distribution de contenus dans les futures architectures convergées fixe-mobile (FMC). Cette décentralisation, conjointement au déploiement d'un cœur de réseau mobile distribué, sera un élément majeur des futurs réseaux 5G. L'approche SIPTO définie par 3GPP permet déjà le délestage sur le réseau fixe du trafic mobile, et pourra donc être utilisée en 5G. SIPTO s'appuie sur la distribution des passerelles de données (PGW) qui permet ainsi de décharger le cœur du réseau mobile actuel. Cependant, dans certains cas de mobilité des usagers, SIPTO ne supporte pas la continuité de session, quand il est nécessaire de changer de PGW, donc de modifier l'adresse IP du terminal. Cette thèse commence par quantifier le gain apporté par le délestage du trafic mobile en termes de capacité requise pour différentes portions du réseau. Un état de l'art des différentes solutions de délestage du trafic de données mobiles est fourni, démontrant qu'aucune des solutions existantes ne supporte la continuité de service pour les sessions de longue durée. C'est pourquoi, cette thèse propose des solutions pour supporter une mobilité transparente ; ces solutions s'appuient à la fois sur SIPTO et sur le protocole MultiPath TCP (MPTCP). Les protocoles du 3GPP sont inchangés car la continuité est maintenue par les extrémités. Enfin, ces solutions sont appliquées aux différentes implémentations d'architectures FMC envisagées à ce jour. / Fixed and mobile networks are currently experiencing a dramatic growth in terms of data traffic, mainly driven by video content distribution. Telecoms operators are thus considering de-centralizing content distribution architecture for future Fixed and Mobile Converged (FMC) network architectures. This decentralization, together with a distributed mobile EPC, would be used for future 5G networks. Mobile data offloading, in particular SIPTO approaches, already represent a good implementation model for 5G network as it allows the use of distributed IP edges to offload Selected IP traffic off the currently centralized mobile core network. However, in some cases, SIPTO does not support session continuity during users' mobility. This is due to the fact that user's mobility may imply packet gateway (PGW) relocation and thus a modification of the UE's IP address.This PhD thesis first quantifies the gain, in terms of bandwidth demands on various network portions, brought by the generalized use of mobile traffic offloading. A state of art of existing mobile data offloading solutions is presented, showing that none of the existing solutions solve the problem of session continuity for long-lived sessions. This is why, in the context of future FMC mobile network architectures, the PhD thesis proposes solutions to provide seamless mobility for users relying on SIPTO with the help of Multipath TCP (MPTCP). 3GPP standards are not modified, as session continuity is ensured by end-points. Lastly, the proposed solutions are mapped on different architecture options considered for future FMC networks.

Le Cloud RAN a été préconisé pour la 5G. Cependant, sa mise en place rencontre des difficultés notamment sur l'intégration du fronthaul, ce dernier généralement basé sur l’interface CPRI représente le segment situé entre la Digital Unit et la Radio Unit. Vu les contraintes de débit, de latence et de gigue sur cette interface, le multiplexage en longueur est la solution adéquate pour son transport. En revanche, les technologies radio recommandées pour la 5G augmenteront considérablement les débits CPRI, ce qui rend l’utilisation du WDM bas coût très difficile. Cette thèse traite quatre sujets principaux : L'introduction d'un canal de contrôle dans le CPRI permettrait la supervision de l'infrastructure WDM et l'accordabilité en longueurs d'onde des transceivers. L’impact de l’intégration de ce canal de contrôle dans le fronthaul est étudié dans le chapitre II. La radio analogique sur fibre peut améliorer de manière significative l'efficacité spectrale du fronthaul, permettant potentiellement le transport des interfaces 5G. Une étude approfondie sur le gain réel apporté par cette solution est rapportée dans le chapitre III. La compression du CPRI basée sur la quantification uniforme et non uniforme est également une solution pour améliorer l'efficacité spectrale du CPRI. Le chapitre IV démontre expérimentalement les taux de compression réalisables. Enfin, les nouveaux splits fonctionnels sont considérés comme une solution prometteuse pour la 5G. Deux nouvelles interfaces ont été identifiées pour les splits couche haute et couche basse. Une étude théorique et expérimentale de ces nouvelles interfaces est présentée dans le chapitre V. / Cloud Radio Access Network (RAN) was identified as a key enabler for 5G. Its deployment is however meeting multiple challenges notably in the fronthaul integration, the latter being the segment located between the Digital Unit and the Radio Unit generally based on CPRI. Giving its bit-rate, latency and jitter constrains, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is the most adequate solution for its transport. However, the radio technologies recommended for 5G will drastically increase the CPRI bit-rate making its transport very challenging with low-cost WDM. This thesis deals with four main topics : The introduction of a control channel in the CPRI enables offering the WDM infrastructure monitoring and the wavelength tunability in the transceivers. The study of this control channel integration in the fronthaul link is reported in the second chapter as well as an investigation on the wireless transmission of CPRI. The use of Analog Radio over Fiber (A-RoF) can significantly improve the fronthaul spectral efficiency compared to CPRI-based fronthaul enabling, potentially, the transport of 5G interfaces. A thorough investigation on the actual gain brought by this solution is stated in the third chapter. CPRI compression based on uniform and non-uniform quantization is also a solution to enhance the CPRI spectral efficiency. The fourth chapter describes this solution and experimentally shows the achievable compression rates. Finally, establishing a new functional split in the radio equipment was considered as a promising solution for 5G. Two new interfaces have been identified for high and low layer functional splits. A theoretical and experimental study of these new interfaces is reported in the fifth chapter.

Cette thèse étudie la technique dite de ‘Retournement Temporel’ afin d’améliorer l’efficacité énergétique des futurs réseaux mobiles d’une part, et réduire le coût des futurs terminaux mobiles, d’autre part. Le retournement temporel consiste à utiliser l’inverse temporel de la réponse impulsionnelle du canal de propagation entre un émetteur et un récepteur pour préfiltrer l’émission d’un signal de données. Avantageusement, le signal ainsi préfiltré est reçu avec une puissance renforcée (c’est la focalisation spatiale) et un écho principal qui est renforcé par rapport aux échos secondaires (c’est la compression temporelle). Lors d’une étape préalable d’apprentissage, l’émetteur estime le canal en mesurant un signal pilote provenant du récepteur. La focalisation spatiotemporelle n’est obtenue qu’à condition que la propagation demeure identique entre la phase d’apprentissage et la phase de transmission de données : c’est la condition de ‘réciprocité du canal’. De nombreux travaux montrent que la focalisation spatiale permet de réduire la puissance émise nécessaire pour atteindre une puissance cible au récepteur d’une part, et que la compression temporelle permet de réduire la complexité du récepteur nécessaire pour gérer l’effet des échos multiples, d’autre part. Cependant, les études sur la réduction de la complexité du récepteur se limitent à l’ultra large bande. Des travaux de cette thèse (basés sur des simulations et des mesures expérimentales) montrent que pour des bandes de fréquences plus typiques des futurs réseaux mobiles (fréquence porteuse à 1GHz et spectre de 30 MHz à 100 MHz), grâce au retournement temporel, un récepteur simple et un signal monoporteuse suffisent pour atteindre de hauts débits. En outre, la condition de réciprocité du canal n’est pas vérifiée dans deux scénarios typiques des réseaux mobiles. Tout d’abord, dans la plupart des réseaux mobiles européens, le mode de duplex en fréquence est utilisé. Ce mode implique que l’émetteur et le récepteur communiquent l’un avec l’autre sur des fréquences porteuses distinctes, et donc à travers des canaux de propagations différents. De plus, lorsqu’on considère un récepteur sur un véhicule connecté en mouvement, l’émetteur et le récepteur communiquent l’un avec l’autre à des instants distincts, correspondants à des positions distinctes du véhicule, et donc à travers des canaux de propagations différents. Des travaux de cette thèse proposent des solutions pour obtenir la focalisation spatio-temporelle dans ces deux scenarios. Enfin, des travaux de la thèse explorent la combinaison du retournement temporel avec d’autres techniques de traitement de signal récentes (la modulation spatiale, d’une part, et une nouvelle forme d’onde multiporteuse, d’autre part), ou des scenarios de déploiement nouveaux (ondes millimétriques et très grands réseaux d’antennes pour inter-connecter les noeuds d’un réseau ultra dense) ou de nouvelles applications (guidage et navigation) envisageables pour les futurs réseaux mobiles. / This thesis studies the time reversal technique to improve the energy efficiency of future mobile networks and reduce the cost of future mobile devices. Time reversal technique consists in using the time inverse of the propagation channel impulse response (between a transceiver and a receiver) as a prefilter. Such pre-filtered signal is received with a stronger power (this is spatial focusing) and with a strong main echo, relatively to secondary echoes (this is time compression). During a previous learning phase, the transceiver estimates the channel by measuring the pilot signal emitted by the receiver. Space-time focusing is obtained only at the condition that the propagation remains identical between the learning phase and the data transmission phase: this is the ‘channel reciprocity’ condition. Numerous works show that spatial focusing allows for the reduction of the required transmit power for a given target received power, on the one hand, and that time compression allow for the reduction of the required complexity at the receiver side to handle multiple echoes, on the other hand. However, studies on complexity reduction are limited to ultra wideband. Some works of this thesis (based on simulations and experimental measurements) show that, for bands which are more typical for future networks (a carrier frequency of 1GHz and a spectrum of 30 MHz to 100 MHz), thanks to time reversal, a simple receiver and a mono-carrier signal are sufficient to reach high data rates. Moreover, the channel reciprocity condition is not verified in two scenarios which are typical from mobile networks. Firstly, in most European mobile networks, the frequency division duplex mode is used. This mode implies that the transceiver and the receiver communicate on distinct carriers, and therefore through different propagation channels. Secondly, when considering a receiver on a moving connected vehicle, the transceiver and the receiver communicate one with each other at distinct instants, corresponding to distinct positions of the vehicles, and therefore through different propagation channels. Some works of this thesis propose solutions to obtain space-time focusing for these two scenarios. Finally, some works of this thesis explore the combination of time reversal with other recent signal processing techniques (spatial modulation, on the one hand, a new multi-carrier waveform, on the other hand), or new deployment scenarios (millimeter waves and large antenna arrays to interconnect the nodes of an ultra dense network) or new applications (guidance and navigation) which can be envisaged for future mobile networks.

This literature review aims to identify the security challenges facing 5G and Internet of Things. The literature review uses a systematic method for reviewing written by Okoli (2015). During the review, 60 articles were initially selected. These were screened from a number of quality criteria until 19 articles remained. Furthermore, the security challenges presented in these 19 articles are divided into their respective subject areas and based on whether the article writes about security threats or security control. The results give an overview of which of these subjects are most commonly written about in relation to security, 5G and Internet of Things. The review sheds light on the absence of certain threats and their respective controls. The review also sheds light on the absence of a holistic perspective when regarding security in the context of 5G and Internet of Things. / Denna litteraturstudie identifierar de säkerhetsutmaningar som finns i relation till 5G och Internet of Things. Litteraturstudien använder en systematisk metod för litteratursökning som är författad av Okoli (2015). I samband med litteratursökningen görs ett urval på 60 artiklar som mot kvalitetskriterier avgränsas till 19 artiklar. Säkerhetsutmaningarna som presenteras i dessa 19 artiklar delas vidare upp delvis efter vilket område av säkerhet de behandlar samt om de presenterar en säkerhetsrisk eller säkerhetsåtgärd. Resultatet ger en överblick av vilka av dessa områden inom säkerhet relaterade till 5G och Internet of Things som är vanligast förekommande. Undersökningen belyser avsaknaden av vissa typer av säkerhetsrisker och åtgärder som svarar för dessa. Undersökningen belyser också en avsaknad av ett mer holistiskt perspektiv i synen på säkerhet relaterat till 5G och framtidens Internet of Things.

The architecture of the network is undergoing a series of structural changes from the core network to the user to pave the way for 5G. New infrastructure elements are being massively deployed, thus making 5G more heterogeneous. This emerging paradigm, along with new services and handheld devices, creates a massive, highly mobile, heterogeneous environment with hard constraints in throughput, latency, resilience, and power consumption. This dissertation presents Agile MEC (AMEC), a shift in the concept of MEC to support user's mobility with the rapid relocation of services; and Network-coded Cooperation (NCC), a new system for massive content distribution in cellular networks. In summary, AMEC provides a mobility framework that reliably reduces the latency and power consumption in the system, and NCC improves network throughput, network resilience, and power consumption by offloading cellular traffic to underlay networks. / Die Architektur des Netzes durchläuft eine Reihe von strukturellen Veränderungen vom Kernnetz bis zum Benutzer, um den Weg für 5G zu ebnen. Neue Infrastruktur Elemente werden massiv eingesetzt, wodurch 5G heterogener wird. Dieses aufkommende Paradigma bildet zusammen mit neuen Diensten und Handheld-Geräten eine massive, hochmobile, heterogene Umgebung mit harten Einschränkungen in Bezug auf Durchsatz, Latenz, Belastbarkeit und Stromverbrauch. In dieser Dissertation werden Agile MEC (AMEC), eine Verschiebung des MEC-Konzepts zur Unterstützung der Mobilität der Benutzer durch die schnelle Verlagerung von Diensten, und Network-coded Cooperation (NCC), ein neues System zur massiven Verteilung von Inhalten in zellularen Netzwerken, vorgestellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass AMEC einen Mobilitätsrahmen bietet, der die Latenzzeit und den Stromverbrauch im System zuverlässig reduziert, und NCC verbessert den Netzwerkdurchsatz, die Netzwerkstabilität und den Stromverbrauch, indem es den zellularen Datenverkehr auf unterlagerte Netzwerke verlagert.