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Falls are the most serious problems facing the ageing community. The goal of the current project was to carry out a simplified analysis using kinematic parameters like joint angles and spatial temporal parameters in order to analyse the age related changes in functional gait as well as to identify the biomechanics indicators of locomotion alterations that can help determined fall risk levels in the ageing community. / Οι πτώσεις είναι ένα από τα σοβαρότερα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζει σήμερα ο ηλικιωμένος πληθυσμός. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να γίνει μια ανάλυση των κινητικών παραμέτρων όπως των γωνιών των αρθρώσεων και των χωροχρονικών παραμέτρων ώστε να αναλυθούν οι αλλαγές λόγω ηλικίας στη κίνηση καθώς και να αναγνωριστούν οι εμβιομηχανικοί δείκτες των κινητικών προβλημάτων οι οποίοι βοηθούν στο να καθοριστούν τα επίπεδα του κινδύνου πτώσης στους ηλικιωμένους ανθρώπους.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:35:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vivi_vk_me_rcla.pdf: 4658460 bytes, checksum: fccfcd36165a65a13f835cff8ee1296c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os polímeros vêm substituindo materiais como madeira, vidro e metal em variadas aplicações. Nos dias atuais, seu uso tem sido extensivamente alto em todo o mundo, tornando o volume de material descartado um grande problema. Acredita-se, portanto, que investigações sobre a capacidade microbiológica em degradar resíduos gerados pela atividade humana sejam de extrema importância. Um dos polímeros avaliados nesse trabalho, o poli (cloreto de vinila) (PVC) é o segundo termoplástico mais consumido no mundo. A poli (caprolactona) (PCL) é um poliéster sintético facilmente degradado por enzimas como lipases, esterases e despolimerases extracelulares de bactérias e fungos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou a eficiência de degradação de filmes poliméricos de PVC e PCL utilizando a linhagem Phanerochaete chrysosporium CCB 478 e um consórcio padrão de espécies fúngicas recomendado pela metodologia ISO 846-1978 - Testing of Plastics - Influence of fungi and bacteria. Os filmes foram individualmente mergulhados em suspensões de esporos, incubados em placas de Petri contendo meio completo (suplementado com glicose) e meio incompleto (sem glicose). As placas foram acondicionadas em câmaras úmidas por trinta dias a 28°C. A biodegradação dos filmes foi avaliada mediante análises de perda de massa, coloração, microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Não foi observado o crescimento de P. chrysosporium nos filmes havendo, porém, a presença de estirpes contaminantes, que foram isoladas e caracterizadas. Em amostras de PVC biotratadas a perda de massa foi insignificante. A degradação dos filmes de PCL pelo consórcio foi mais eficiente do que pelos micro-organismos isolados, nos dois meios testados. Com relação a estes meios, também foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas para tratamentos com o PCL. Dentre os fungos do consórcio... / Polymers have been replacing materials such as wood, glass and metal in different applications. Nowadays their use have extensively increased worldwide, making the volume of discharged material a great problem. Therefore, scientific investigations on the microbial ability to degrade plastic waste are considered extremely important. One of the recalcitrant polymers evaluated in this work, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is considered the second most consumed thermoplastic in the world. Poly (caprolactone) (PCL), is a synthetic polyester easily degraded by enzymes such as lipases, esterases and extracellular depolimerases of bacteria and fungi. In this context, this study evaluated the capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, strain CCB 478, and a set of fungal species recommended by ISO 846-1978 (Testing of Plastics - Influence of fungi and bacteria), to degrade PVC and PCL films. The films were individually immersed in a spore suspension, and incubated in Petri dishes containing complete medium (supplemented with glucose) and incomplete medium (without glucose). The plates were kept in humidity chamber for thirty days at 28°C. The biodegradation of the films was investigated through the analyses of weight loss, color changes, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In our results, there was no growth of P. chrysosporium on the films, however interesting contaminates were isolated and characterized. Samples of the biotreated PVC presented no weight losses. The degradation of PCL films by the recommended fungal set was more efficient than the isolated microorganisms in both culture media. With respect to these media, statistical differences were also found for treatments with the PCL. Among all fungi tested, the ascomycete Chaetomium globosum was the only one able to colonize the surface of PVC films and degrade the PCL films significantly. Morphological changes resulting... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The aim of the study was to investigate how Dalsland’s environmental office have managed the yearly reports on fluorinated greenhouse gasses and substances that deplete the ozone layer during the period 2007-2013. The environmental office’s methods, existing routines, present regulations and guidelines have been studied. The purpose of this report was to present suggestions on how the managing of these yearly reports can be improved, and to construct a document of guidelines for the environmental officers, that can be used to make the managing more efficient. The Environmental Office of Dalsland was established 1 January, 2007, when the municipalities of Bengtsfors, Dals Ed, Färgelanda and Mellerud merged their environmental offices together under a joint Environmental committee. The supervision concerning the yearly reports on fluorinated greenhouse gasses and substances that deplete the ozone layer, have varied and the organization within the environmental office have changed over time. There are areas where improvements are needed in order to insure that the auditing of the reports becomes more efficient. The operators should be offered more guidance and information about the current legislation and the demands these rules make on them. Internal routines need to be established on how to register the information that the reports contains, in order to make it easier to extract information for statistical purposes.

« Ce qu’il y a de plus profond en l’homme, c’est la peau – en tant qu’il se connaît » écrit Paul Valéry dans L’Idée fixe. Peu d’œuvres autobiographiques se sont pourtant abandonnées à l’exploration de cette profondeur : depuis Rousseau, les impératifs du genre exigent d’aller in cute. L’Histoire de ma vie est de ce petit nombre. Casanova, longtemps l’homme de toutes les superficialités, parcourt sans discontinuer cette surface de l’être, non pour s’y oublier, mais justement « en tant qu’il se connaît ». Sur l’épiderme, s’affichent les plus vertigineuses métamorphoses autant que se dévoilent les plus éclatantes révélations : l’homme y découvre de quelle étoffe il est fait. La réflexivité du récit de soi ne saurait faire l’économie de cette médiation, et ce que tente de retrouver l’écrivain au fil des pages, c’est moins une vérité ou une essence qu’un corps à nouveau capable de profondeur. L’œuvre tend à recomposer ses tissus, à rétablir sa splendeur et à rejouer ses élans, espérant ainsi triompher de la seule réalité véritablement superficielle : le Temps. La mémoire du désir renvoie à cette anamnèse charnelle, qui se déploie à l’écart de la conscience et de l’intériorité mais au sein du théâtre des peaux et des parures. L’Histoire de ma vie tente d’en recueillir et d’en relancer l’intensité, de redonner au sujet écrivant cette chair perdue, la seule qu’il connaisse et que chaque ligne tente de reconquérir. Cette mémoire à sa temporalité propre, elle façonne un sujet inédit et génère un régime d’écriture singulier : elle ouvre ainsi au sein de l’univers des écritures du Moi un espace immense et encore insuffisamment exploré. / «What is deepest in man, it is the skin - as he knows himself," wrote Paul Valéry in L’idée fixe. Few autobiographical works have quite explored of this depth: since Rousseau, the imperatives of the genre require to go in cute. L’Histoire de ma vie belongs to this little number. Casanova, for long man of all superficialities, runs continuously the surface of being, not to forget himself, but precisely "as he knows himself." On the epidermis, appear the most dizzying metamorphoses as the most brilliant revelations: man discovers of what stuff is made. The reflexivity of the narrative itself cannot do without this mediation, and that the writer tries to find as the pages go by, it's less a truth or essence than a body again capable of depth. The work tends to recompose its tissues, to restore its splendor and to replay his impulses, hoping to overcome the only truly superficial reality: Time. Desire’s memory refers to this carnal anamnesis, which unfolds away from consciousness and interiority but in the theater of skins and ornaments. L’Histoire de ma vie tries to collect and to raise the intensity, giving back to the subject writing this flesh lost, the only one he knows and that each line is trying to regain. This memory has its own temporality; it shapes a unique subject and generates a unique writing system: it opens within the world of writing of the self an immense space and still insufficiently explored.

S'engager à étudier la correspondance et les journaux personnels de Paul-Jean Toulet, c'est se pencher sur un mystère, celui d'une fêlure secrète où cohabitent une sensibilité excerbée et un cynisme dérangeant. Une mélancolie changeante affecte sa création littéraire, la situant entre immobilité et errance, et choisir de parcourir cette écriture de l'intimité en explorant le champ de solitude du poète, c'est tenter d'aller voir au-delà des apparences.C'est aussi révéler les correspondances intimes tissées entre les lettres et les journaux et mettre au jour l'espace intérieur à la source de l'imaginaire et de l'oeuvre en gestation. Il existe dans cette écriture une cosmogonie intérieure, des lieux et des territoires qui parcourent les journaux et la correspondance de voyage – l'enfance en Béarn, le séjour à Paris, le retour précipité en Aquitaine – autant d'exils et de nostalgies, d'amitiés ou d'inimitiés mettant en scène le dandy arrogant, familier des milieux nationalistes maurrassiens ou le poète fasciné par la vie de bohème ou le charme vénéneux de l'opium, Si les journaux personnels sont aussi des journaux de voyage, leur dépaysement est illusoire, l'écriture vagabonde se limitant toujours aux frontières de l'exil intérieur, celui de l'enfant inconsolé qui marche dans les traces des siens à l'île Maurice, en quête de l'image de la mère prématurément disparue. Quant à la correspondance de Toulet, elle constitue un trésor épistolaire témoignant de la vie artistique et mondaine de la Belle Epoque, offrant une réflexion avisée sur l'Art et la guerre, ses projets d'écriture et ses échecs, sa recherche d'un style proche de la perfection, Ainsi l'écriture épistolaire développe-t-elle en son coeur un discours et une réflexion sur l'oeuvre, offrant une certaine conception de la littérature. / When you get involved in studying the correspondence and personal diaries of Paul-Jean TOULET, you look into a mystery, the one of a secret crack where an exacerbated sensitiveness and a disturbing cynicism live side by side. A changing melancholy affects his literary creation which is thus set between immovability and wandering; and to choose to go through this writing of the innermost recesses of his privacy by exploring the poet's field of loneliness is to attempt to go and see beyond appearances. It is also to bring to light the intimate relations weaved between the letters and the diaries and to reveal the inner space which is at the very origin of the imaginary and the work in gestation. In this writing lies an inner cosmogony, places and territories which are present all the way through the diaries and the correspondence – the childhood in Béarn, the stay in Paris, the hurried return to Aquitaine – as many exiles, nostalgias, friendship, enmities putting to stage the arrogant dandy, regulary in touch with the Maurrassian nationalist circles of the poet fascinated by a bohemian life or the poisonous charm of opium. If the intimate diaries are travel diaries as well, their change of scenery is illusory since the wandering writing always confines to the frontiers of the inner exile, the one of the disconsolate child walking in the steps of his forebears on Mauritius, searching for the picture of his untimely departed mother. As for Toulet's correspondence, it constitutes an epistolary treasure: as a matter of fact, it does give an account of the artistic and society life of the Belle Epoque, it offers a sensible reflection on Art and war, the writings he planned, the ones he failed, his looking for a style nearing perfection. Thus, epistolary writing does develop in its very heart a discourse and a reflection on the work and offers a certain conception of literature.

Notre travail décrit le processus de l’interaction épistolaire au XVIIIe siècle à travers l’étude des trois exemples de dialogues épistolaires, à savoir : Voltaire & Mme du Deffand, Rousseau & Malesherbes et enfin Benjamin Constant &Isabelle de Charrière. Nous comprenons par l’interaction épistolaire, le va-et-vient entre les deux correspondants, leur influence mutuelle, leurs échanges de rôles. La question principale qui se pose ici est la suivante : quel est l’intérêt, pour les deux correspondants, de cet échange épistolaire dans la durée? Dans quel objectif les deux épistoliers s’écrivent-ils l’un à l’autre ? Comment un dialogue épistolaire peut-il modifier l’image de l’autre, la structure et les dispositions morales ? Le XVIIIe siècle a connu en fait un foisonnement épistolaire grâce à l’épanouissement de la pensée philosophique et des Lumières. On avait le goût de l’échange épistolaire qui touche tous les sujets de la vie, surtout entreamis. Ainsi se construisent plusieurs commerces épistolaires, dont certains se développent en réseaux. Pour Voltaire et Madame Du Deffand, leur commerce épistolaire suit un rythme binaire, le plus souvent harmonieux, mais parfois« syncopé », sous la forme d’un dialogue philosophique éblouissant jusqu’à la disparition de Voltaire. Dans ce dialogue,nous découvrons au fil des jours beaucoup d’idées et de thèmes qui nous informent excellemment sur toute une époque.La correspondance de Rousseau et de Malesherbes nous renseigne sur des détails infimes liés aux problèmes de la publication des oeuvres et à la censure, sans oublier le côté personnel de leur amitié, mais elle se fonde plutôt sur une sorte de désir de loyauté et une volonté de clairvoyance dans l’échange des secrets, caractéristiques essentielles desconfessions auxquelles Rousseau nous a habitués. Quant à Benjamin Constant et Isabelle de Charrière, leur dialogue,malgré leur écart d’âge, semble très intéressant dans son contenu. Si Constant se plaît à décrire à Isabelle de Charrière les circonstances de sa vie de façon filiale, un intérêt, une passion soutenue se fait jour dans cette correspondance. / Our work has the aim to describe the process of interaction in the eighteenth century epistolary through the study of three examples of epistolary dialogues, namely: Voltaire ---- Madame du Deffand, Rousseau and Malesherbes ---- finally Benjamin Constant ---- Isabelle de Charrière. We understand the interaction epistolary the back-and-forth between the two parties, their mutual influence, their trade roles. The main question thatarises here is: what is the interest for the two parties, this epistolary exchange in the long term? For what purpose is the two letter writers they write to each other? How epistolary dialogue can it change the image of the other, the structure and the moral?The eighteenth century saw a proliferation epistolary actually thanks to the development of philosophicalthought and the Enlightenment. It tasted like the epistolary exchange that affects all areas of life, especially among friends. So many businesses are built correspondence, some of which develop into networks. For Voltaire and Madame Du Deffand their epistolary follows a binary rhythm, usually smooth, but sometimes"syncopated" as a philosophical dialogue dazzling until the disappearance of Voltaire. In this dialogue, w ediscover the days many ideas and themes that inform us about a time excellently. Correspondence of Rousseau and Malesherbes us about minute details related to the problems of publication and censorshipworks, not to mention the personal side of their friendship, but is rather based on a kind of desire loyalty and commitment vision in the exchange of secrets, essential characteristics denominations which Rousseau has accustomed us. As Benjamin Constant and Isabelle de Charrière, their dialogue, despite the age difference between partners, seems very interesting content. If Constant likes to describe Isabelle de Charrière the circumstances of his life in a subsidiary, an interest, a passion sustained emerges in this correspondence.

Sona of Pi-Pa is a composition set to a poem to be performed by soprano and mixed instrumental ensemble. The formal plan is through-composed and the organization of each individual piece is largely determined by the structure of the poetic text. The text, drawn from Song of Pi-Pa by Po Chu-i, depicts the story of how the poet became overwhelmed by the chance hearing of a virtuosic performance of a woman playing the pi-pa. The general characteristics of the work reflect the assimilation of certain non-western musical and philosophical influences. Traditional western compositional techniques are also employed in the treatment of thematic materials, musical form, instrumentation, and the developmental process. The total performance time for this composition is approximately twenty-six minutes.

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