Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Margarida Furtado Arruda Rosemberg.pdf: 11239263 bytes, checksum: 73ecd6b65fbfc478387d16b082e62ea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / The objective of this research is to show the war against Tuberculosis in São Paulo city from 1899 to 1947; the life and work of Clemente Ferreira, pioneer in the fight against Tuberculosis in Brazil, and, also the importance of this disease in popular language and in the minds of those working in this field at this time. Its describes the setting up and work of the Liga Paulista against Tuberculosis, a charitable organization founded in 1899 by Clemente Ferreira and collaborators, pointing out its main weapons: dispensary, prevention institution, sanatorium and hospital. Also included is the functioning of the model Clemente Ferreira Dispensary, the first of its kind in the struggle against Tuberculosis in São Paulo city in the first 30 years of the 20th century. Furthermore the role of the journal Defesa contra a Tísica the official organ of Liga Paulista in making the population and law makers aware of the importance of relating the seriousness of Tuberculosis and the necessity of the government to take responsibility and support the fight. This work also analyzes those involved in this area in popular language and in what they thought. It shows the importance of charitable associations at the beginning of the 20th century to make the control of Tuberculosis in Brazil and, specifically, in São Paulo city, a matter of interest and responsibility of the state / Esta pesquisa se propõe a mostrar a guerra travada contra a tísica, na capital paulista, de 1899 a 1947; a vida e a obra de Clemente Ferreira, pioneiro da luta contra a tuberculose no Brasil e as representações da tuberculose nas linguagens sociais e no imaginário dos tisiólogos, no mesmo período. Descreve a criação e a atuação da Liga Paulista contra a Tuberculose, uma sociedade beneficente fundada, em 1899, por Clemente Ferreira e colaboradores, destacando os seus armamentos: dispensário, preventório, sanatório e hospital. Evidencia a ação do Dispensário-Modêlo Clemente Ferreira , baluarte da luta contra a tuberculose na capital de São Paulo, nos primeiros 30 anos do século XX. Mostra, ainda, a importância da revista Defesa Contra a Tísica , órgão oficial da Liga Paulista, na conscientização da população e dos governantes em relação à gravidade da tuberculose e a necessidade do governo assumir e apoiar a luta. Este trabalho, também, analisa as representações da tuberculose nas linguagens sociais e no imaginário dos tisiólogos. Evidencia, enfim, a importância das associações filantrópicas no começo do século XX, para tornar o controle da tuberculose, no Brasil e, em particular, em São Paulo, uma questão de interesse e responsabilidade do Estado

La peste des petits ruminants (PPR) et la Pleuropneumonie Contagieuse Caprine (PPCC) causées respectivement par un Morbillivirus (Virus de la Peste des Petits Ruminants) et un mycoplasme (Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae) sont deux maladies respiratoires très contagieuses des petits ruminants. La PPR est présente en Afrique, en Asie, au Moyen Orient, et depuis peu en Europe. Sur le continent africain, notamment en Afrique de l’Ouest, elle est en expansion et représente un facteur majeur d’insécurité alimentaire pour la population agricole. La PPCC identifiée au Niger en 1995 n’est que suspectée au Mali sur la base de résultats sérologiques.La PPR est un modèle pour l’étude des maladies transfrontalières car sa diffusion est très étroitement liée aux mouvements régionaux d’animaux vivants. La compréhension de cette diffusion est une condition essentielle à la mise en place de mesures de contrôle efficaces (vaccination, contrôle aux frontières etc.).La thèse a pour ambition de clarifier la situation épidémiologique de la PPR et de la PPCC au Mali, notamment pour savoir si ces deux maladies coexistent, afin d’en évaluer le risque pour les filières de production de caprins et de proposer des stratégies de contrôle adaptées. Nous n’avons pas réussi à mettre en évidence la présence de la PPCC au Mali. Pour la PPR, l’objectif de la thèse est de caractériser la diversité génétique de souches collectées en Afrique de l’Ouest et plus particulièrement au Mali en utilisant en première instance le gène partiel de la nucléoprotéine du virus. Nous avons ensuite estimé la diversité et le taux d’évolution du PPRV dans la région à partir de séquences génomiques complètes. Notre étude a montré qu’au Mali ainsi que dans les autres pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, trois lignées génétiques du PPRV circulent dont l’une d’elles, la lignée II est dominante dans la région et est caractérisée par une grande diversité génétique transfrontalière. Cette étude démontre également une progression de la lignée IV dans l’Afrique de l’Ouest et la persistance au Mali et au Niger de la lignée I (au moins jusqu’en 2001). Ces résultats reflètent par rapport aux données précédentes connues de la répartition des lignées de PPRV, une intensification des mouvements du bétail dus à l’échange et au commerce de ces animaux, flux qui n’est pas contrôlé entre tous les pays de l’ouest africain. Au Mali, il n’existe aucun moyen de contrôle, de traçabilité et d’identification animale. L’utilisation de la diversité génétique comme marqueur épidémiologique serait un moyen d’améliorer notre connaissance de la diffusion de la PPR et de là son contrôle, plus particulièrement dans les pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest. / Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused respectively by a Morbillivirus and a mycoplasma (Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae) are two highly contagious respiratory diseases of small ruminants. PPR is present in Africa, Asia, Middle East, and has just entered Europe. On the African continent, particularly in West Africa, it is emerging and is a major factor of food insecurity for low-income farmers. CCPP, identified in Niger in 1995, is only suspected in Mali on the basis of serological results.PPR is a model for the study of transboundary diseases because its diffusion is closely linked to regional movements of livestock. Understanding this diffusion is an essential condition for the implementation of effective control measures (vaccination, border control, etc.).The aims of our study is to clarify the epidemiological situation of PPR and the CCPP in Mali, including whether these two diseases coexist in order to assess the risk for goat production chains and propose appropriate control strategies.We did not succeed in confirming the presence of the CCPP in Mali. PPR has already been identified in Mali. The aim of our study for PPR is to characterize the genetic diversity and therefore the different lineages that circulate in Mali and, more generally, in the West African sub region by using at first the partial gene of Nucleoprotein of PPRV. We then estimated more accurately the diversity and rate of evolution of the virus in the region from PPRV genomic sequences. Our studies showed that three lineages of PPRV are circulating in Mali and West Africa. The lineage II is dominating and is characterized with a wide genetic diversity and extensive transboundary circulation. We also demonstrate the progression of lineage IV in West Africa and the persistence of lineage I in Mali and Niger (at least until 2001). These results reflect the large flow of uncontrolled livestock trade between all West African countries. In Mali, there is no means of control, traceability and animal identification. The use of genetic diversity as an epidemiological marker is an effective means of controlling the spread of PPR in these West African countries.

La peste est une maladie qui n'a jamais disparu et réémerge même dans certains pays, dont Madagascar. Les recherches consacrées à sa forme bubonique se sont d'abord concentrées sur l'identification des agents hôtes et vecteurs, rongeurs et puces, impliqués dans le cycle épidémiologique, de leur dépendance à l'égard des facteurs environnementaux et des processus de transmission du bacille. Ces facteurs et mécanismes opérant au niveau individuel sont désormais mieux connus, grâce aux acquis des études observationnelles et expérimentales. Un enjeu actuel des recherches concerne l'analyse des processus endémo-épidémiques d'expression de la peste, dans les populations d'hôtes et de vecteurs. Dans ce sens, les modèles mathématiques compartimentaux traditionnels échouent à prendre en compte l'effet, potentiellement décisif sur le devenir de l'infection, du caractère localisé et contingent de la transmission, lié à la distribution hétérogène et changeante des puces et rongeurs. Il est donc important de considérer l'hétérogénéité individuelle et le contexte géographique dans lequel la maladie se développe pour préciser le risque épidémiologique au niveau local et chercher à éviter les cas humains. L'objet de notre recherche est de montrer l'apport d'une démarche de modélisation individu-centrée s'inscrivant dans le paradigme de la complexité, intégrant les connaissances au niveau individuel et fondée sur un formalisme multi-agents, pour étudier localement les processus endémo-épidémiques de la peste bubonique. Le modèle, appliqué au foyer malgache, nous permet d'évaluer l'effet de l'abondance et de la distribution des rats et des puces sur le devenir de l'infection.

Krönerová, N. Strategic analysis of automotive branch in the Czech Republic. Diploma the-sis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2015. This diploma thesis is headed to define the strategic recommendation for competitive strength consolidation of supplying companies to automotive makers. For output in the practical background was applied external analysis and competitive force analysis. For examination of branch attractive and for suggestion strategy for these supplying compa-nies was applied EFE, SPACE and GE matrix. For plastic suppliers was recommend aggres-sive strategy with new branch investment and innovation, rising market share, using con-solidations, outsourcing, effective MIS for maintenance or levelling individual "Tier" levels with leader company in the branch.

La peste porcine africaine (PPA) est une maladie hémorragique contagieuse dévastatrice pour l’élevage porcin pour laquelle aucun traitement ni vaccin ne sont disponibles. Cette infection est due à un virus à ADN, unique membre de la famille des Asfarviridae, qui se transmet directement entre suidés ou via un vecteur, la tique du genre Ornithodoros. Le rôle de ces tiques dans le cycle épidémiologique de la PPA consiste principalement à maintenir le virus dans les populations de suidés sauvages en Afrique. Elles ont aussi été identifiées à l’origine de certains cas de résurgence de la maladie dans des bâtiments d’élevage porcin, notamment dans la péninsule ibérique, lors des années 1970-80. La PPA, éradiquée fin des années 1980 en Europe (à l’exception de la Sardaigne), a été de nouveau introduite en 2007 d’abord en Géorgie pour progresser jusqu’à atteindre l’Est de l’Union Européenne. La question de la compétence vectorielle des tiques Ornithodores pour le virus de la PPA et des déterminants qui influencent cette compétence est posée dans l’évaluation des risques d’endémisation et/ou de dispersion de la maladie en Europe et ailleurs. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse vise à caractériser la compétence vectorielle des tiques Ornithodores pour le virus de la PPA et faire ressortir les patrons généraux qui la qualifient. Pour cela, a été réalisée une revue systématique des études ayant testé la compétence vectorielle d’une ou plusieurs espèces de tiques pour une ou plusieurs souches virales de PPA durant ces 50 dernières années. Au final, il en ressort une forte variabilité de résultats selon les couples tique-virus. En outre, il semble difficile de comparer ces résultats et d’établir des « profils types » du fait de l’évaluation partielle de la compétence vectorielle pour de nombreux couples tique-virus et de la diversité des méthodologies utilisées pour tester et mesurer la compétence. Pour autant chaque modalité d’étude révèle une partie des mécanismes et des adaptations auxquels sont soumis les couples tique–virus et suggère l’effet de certains déterminants dont deux sont traités dans les deux autres chapitres de la thèse. Le second chapitre de la thèse traite de l’adaptation tique-virus, par l’étude expérimentale de l’infection des tiques O. erraticus, O. porcinus et O. moubata à l’aide de deux souches de génotype II du virus de la PPA, et par un essai de transmission du virus des tiques aux porcs. Des souches du génotype II ont été choisies car ce génotype circule actuellement en Europe et risque d’infecter les tiques européennes O. erraticus s’il se propage jusqu’en péninsule ibérique. Alors qu’O. erraticus est capable de s’infecter et de transmettre différentes souches virales du génotype I, sa compétence à transmettre la souche Georgia2007/1 (génotype II) n’a pour l’instant pas été démontrée. Toutefois, nos études suggèrent que les résultats de compétence dépendent aussi des conditions d’expérimentation telles que la nature des colonies de tiques utilisées ou encore le titre viral utilisé pour infecter les tiques. Le dernier chapitre de la thèse porte sur l’effet de la salive de tique sur l’étape de transmission du virus de la PPA par la tique au porc. Durant le repas de sang, la salive est un élément essentiel qui va permettre l’accroche et le gorgement durable de la tique sur son hôte, avec des propriétés immuno-modulatrices importantes agissant directement sur l’hôte. Ainsi a été réalisée une étude expérimentale in vivo faisant intervenir la tique O. porcinus et le virus Ambat02 (génotype II) et testant l’effet local et systémique chez le porc d’un extrait de glandes salivaires de tique co-inoculé ou non avec le virus de la PPA, versus la piqûre naturelle de tiques non infectées. Les résultats de cette expérience nous montrent que la salive de tique est capable de moduler au niveau local le recrutement de cellules immunitaires dans la peau du porc et potentiellement influencer l’infection locale chez le porc. / African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious hemorrhagic disease with disastrous financial consequences for pig industry, as no vaccine or treatment exists. This infection is caused by a DNA virus, only member of the Asfarviridae family that can be directly transmitted between swine or by a non-compulsory vector, the Ornithodoros tick. Ornithodoros ticks play a role in the persistence of the disease within wild and domestic suids in Africa. They were also involved in resurgences of outbreaks in some pig farms in the Iberian Peninsula in 1970-1980. ASF, eradicated in Europe at the end of the 1980’s except in Sardinia, was reintroduced in Georgia in 2007 then spread towards the Eastern European Union. The question of the tick vector competence for ASF virus (ASFV) and its related determinants is of importance in the risk assessment of endemisation/spread of the disease in Europe or elsewhere.The first chapter of this thesis aims to characterize Ornithodoros tick vector competence for ASFV and to highlight a common pattern to qualify it. For this purpose, a systematic review of the studies carried out on the vector competence of one or more tick species for one or more ASFV, was performed on the last 50 years publications. A high variability of the results obtained for different couples “tick-virus” was highlighted. As most of the papers describe partial evaluation of the vector competence and because of the high number of methods used to perform these assessments, it was definitively very difficult to compare these results, and to propose common patterns. However, each of these studies revealed a part of the mechanisms that participated to the adaptation in the couple “tick-virus”, and suggested the importance of different determinants, out of them, two were experimentally assessed as described in the two other chapters.The second chapter of this thesis describes the adaptation “tick-virus” through the experimental infection of three different ticks, O. erraticus, O. porcinus and O. moubata by two ASFV strains belonging to the genotype II. O erraticus’s competence is known for ASFV strains belonging to the genotype I but has never demonstrated the ASFV Georgia 2007/1 strain (genotype II) and currently circulating in Europe. However, the experiments we performed, suggest that many experimental conditions could influence the results obtained on vector competence as the tick colony or the virus dose used for the tick infection.The third chapter describes the effect of the tick saliva on the ASFV transmission from the tick to the pig. Tick saliva contains important immunomodulatory molecules that interfere with the pig immune system permitting complete engorgement of the tick on its host. The host-vector and pathogen interactions were studied through an in vivo experimentation involving pig, O porcinus tick and ASFV Ambat02 strain (genotype II). The local and systemic effects on the pig immune responses were assessed with the ASFV alone or combined with tick gland extract, versus a healthy tick bite. Data analysis highlighted the tick saliva role on skin immune cell recruitment and its potential effect on local infection.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lyvia Vasconcelos Baptista.pdf: 1002555 bytes, checksum: 3c9eb8eb3debc14cbb29bf07fb861d06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Profundamente marcada pelos elementos da Antiguidade clássica, a literatura bizantina apresenta-se como um curioso crisol de influências e condutas, o que reflete a própria situação do Império. O tema desta dissertação resume-se na percepção dos elementos que aproximam a obra Guerras Persas construída por Procópio de Cesaréa, no VI século d.C. e a História da Guerra do Peloponeso, elaborada por Tucídides, no V século a.C.. Num primeiro momento apresentaremos os historiadores ateniense e bizantino, inseridos nos seus contextos de produção e discorreremos sobre a forma como a historiografia trabalhou e utilizou suas imagens. Em seguida analisaremos os seus relatos num movimento relacional, lançando olhares a seus projetos historiográficos, a partir de dois princípios específicos: o metodológico e o teleológico. Nesse movimento, os relatos epidêmicos presentes em suas obras são abordados como um momento vantajoso para a percepção daquilo que movia e fundamentava a escrita da história nas obras destes historiadores, e da atitude classicista existente no interior do Império Bizantino.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar uma das obras mais importantes do escritor francês Antonin Artaud, Le Théâtre et son double, explorando o universo artaudiano, a partir de conceitos, como a peste e a crueldade. O estudo procura abordar a proposta de Teatro da Crueldade e as críticas feitas por Artaud em relação aos espetáculos apresentados na França na década de 1930. Por meio de uma crítica ao chamado teatro psicológico, Artaud exalta um teatro constituído por diversas linguagens, não restrito à mera reprodução do texto. Sem a pretensão de abordar a extensa obra escrita por Artaud, a dissertação tem como objetivo tratar de aspectos revelantes dos conceitos tratados por Artaud, como a crueldade e a peste, tentando identificar em sua proposta de teatro, o desenvolvimento de conceitos ligados à psicanálise, como a pulsão de morte. Procuramos, ainda, discutir o processo de criação de Artaud, problematizando a figura do Pai em sua escrita e a chamada outra cena do inconsciente que seria aberta pelo teatro da crueldade. / The purpose of this research is to analyse one of the most important works of Antonin Artaud, The Theater and its double (Le Théâtre et son double), exploring his universe from concepts like the pest and cruelty. The study seeks to analyse the proposal of the Theatre of Cruelty and the criticisms made by Artaud in relation to theatrical performances presented in France in the 1930s. By making a critique of the psychological theater, Artaud ideates a theater consisted of different languages, not restricted to the simple reproduction of the text. Without attempting to address the extensive work by Artaud, the dissertation aims to analyse some aspects of important concepts created by Artaud, as the cruelty and the pest, trying to identify in its proposal for the theater, as well as the development of concepts related to psychoanalysis, like the death drive. We also aim to discuss the creation process of Artaud, by analyzing the figure of the Father in his writing and the so called \"other unconscious scene\" that would be opened by the theater of cruelty.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-17T12:55:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaeldecastrolins.pdf: 1654542 bytes, checksum: 80d0563141064395821f3394ca631d28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T13:58:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaeldecastrolins.pdf: 1654542 bytes, checksum: 80d0563141064395821f3394ca631d28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T13:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaeldecastrolins.pdf: 1654542 bytes, checksum: 80d0563141064395821f3394ca631d28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho de pesquisa concentrou-se na análise de seletas obras do literato franco-argelino Albert Camus, com vistas no trato camusiano ao que tange o imaginário religioso cristão do século XX. Inicialmente, fez-se uma passagem analítica pelo Teatro do Absurdo – as peças Calígula e O Equívoco – a fim de retratar a concepção camusiana da divindade cristã sob o prisma da negação. O passo seguinte concentrou-se sobre o romance A Peste, à procura da percepção camusiana acerca da santidade sem Deus. No Teatro do Absurdo Deus fora representado em termos de silêncio, instituindo assim uma forma peculiar de escatologia negativa. No romance A Peste o silêncio de Deus precede e impele à santidade sem Deus. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa pôde realçar o itinerário lítero-dramático a partir do silêncio de Deus à santidade sem Deus. Os conceitos basilares do pensamento camusiano, Absurdo e Revolta, foram delimitados no que diz respeito à religião cristã e reduzidos, portanto, aos aspectos do silêncio e da santidade. Ao retratá-la em termos de opacidade, a Pergunta Deus fora abandonada no Teatro do Absurdo para dar lugar à pergunta pela santidade sem Deus em A Peste. Sob a influência da Guerra, Camus esboçou um mundo em ocaso, regido por forças trágicas, e acima dele um Deus omisso que se cala diante do espetáculo da morte. Não obstante, para Camus a Revolta é o único resultado lógico da constatação do Absurdo, por isso A Peste traduz-se em seguir moralmente em oposição à miséria e à morte, sem esperar de Deus senão o seu silêncio. Neste rompante de resistência à morte desponta o personagem tipo do romance, o Santo sem Deus. Por último fitou-se a moral do Santo sem Deus. Provida de compaixão e destituída de esperanças, a moral do Santo camusiano nasce da experiência sensível com o sofrimento, ela se sustém essencialmente sobre o horror à morte e o escândalo inexpiável na presença do mal. / The research paper was concentrated at the analysis of selected works of Albert Camus, a litter French-Algerian, seen at the treaty to the 20th century Christian religious imaginary. At the first hand, it was made an analytical passage at the Theater of the Absurd – the dramas Caligula and The Misunderstanding – in order to report the camusian conception of the Christian divinity. Under the denial‘s prism. At the second hand, it was concentrated on the novel The Plague, looking for the camusian perception about holiness without God. At the Theater of the Absurd, God was represented in silence terms. Thus, constituting a peculiar form of negative eschatology. At the novel The Plague, the God‘s silence precedes and impels holiness without God. In this sense, the research could focus on the litter-dramatic itinerary by God‘s silence to the holiness without God. The basic concepts of camusian thought, Absurd and Revolt, were delimited. Concerning to the Christian religion and reduced, thus, to the silence and holiness aspects. Retracting in the opacity terms, The God Question, were left on the Theater of the Absurd to give a place to the question about holiness with no God in The Plague. Under war‘s influence, Camus outlined a world in decay, governed by tragic force, and above it there was a missing God who stay in silence in front of the death spectacle. Despite, for Camus the Revolt is the only logic result of Absurd‘s confirmation, because of it, The Plague translate it by following morally in opposition to misery and death, without waiting God than him silence. In this outburst death‘s resistance rises the typical novel character, the holy without God. At the end, the moral in holy without God was focused. It was provided by compassion and hope deprived, the camusian holy was born by the sensible experience with suffering, it is held, essentially, by the horror of death and inexpiable scandal in the madness presence.

The subject of my thesis is to build a marketing plan for the company PSJ, as In the theoretical part describes the basic information for marketing, necessary to formulate a marketing plan. The analytical part of the made analysis of the current environment that are the basis for drawing up the final part. In the next chapter, using the data obtained is designed own marketing plan for the year 2015.

Le pays d'Aire est un espace prospère à la frontière des comtés de Saint-Pol, de Flandre et d'Artois. Cette région rurale et céréalière est arrosée par la Lys, rivière permettant le commerce avec les grandes villes de Flandre. L'ensemble forme l'assise territoriale d'un bailliage artésien dont le siège est placé à Aire-sur-la-Lys, petite ville vivant dans l'ombre de sa puissante voisine Saint-Omer et de la cité de Thérouanne. Cet espace intermédiaire entre Ypres et Hesdin, Lille et Saint-Omer, possède toutefois d'incontestables atouts économiques et une identité originale. Aire, farouchement artésienne mais fortement influencée par la Flandre, fut toujours à la recherche d'un protecteur à la fin du Moyen Age. Ce rôle fut confié tantôt au prévôt de la collégiale tantôt au bailli. Un lignage noble originaire d'Enguinegatte entreprend de mettre la main sur la région, d'abord en menant une subtile politique matrimoniale puis en monopolisant la charge de bailli. Cet office, cumulé à la charge de chambellan local, leur permet de constituer un solide réseau local dans lequel sont impliqués l'échevinage, les chanoines mais aussi le cousinage et les bâtards du lignage. Les Viesville sont alors les véritables maîtres d'Aire et profitent de la reconversion économique de la région après les grandes pestes. La famille parvient à surmonter les coups durs reçus dans le premier quart du XVe siècle mais son influence est finalement balayée par la guerre menée en Artois par Louis XI après la mort de Charles le Téméraire. Véritable "cygne noir", cet avatar dans la lente construction de l'Etat coûte à cette famille tout ce qu'il lui avait apporté dans un premier temps. / The country of Aire is a prosperous area on the border of the counties of Saint-Pol, Flanders and Artois. This rural and cereal area is watered by the Lys river which allows trade with the big cities of Flanders. It forms the territorial basis of an Artesian bailiwick which headquarter is located in Aire-sur-la-Lys, a town living in the shade of the powerful neighbourhood of Saint-Omer and Thérouanne. This intermediate space between Ypres and Hesdin, Lille and Saint-Omer, has however indisputable economic advantages and its own identity. Aire, fiercely from Artois but strongly influenced by Flanders, was at the end of the Middle Ages always in search of a protector. This role was sometimes entrusted to the provost of the collegiate church, sometimes to the bailiff. A noble lineage native of Enguinegatte began to get hold on the region, at first by leading a subtle marital politic then by monopolizing the bailiff’s office. This status, added to the one of the chamberlain of the duke of Burgundy, allowed them to establish a robust local network in which were implied local elites, canons but also cousins and illegitimate children of the lineage. The La Viesville were then the real masters of Aire and took advantage of the economic reconversion of the region after the Great Plague. The family succeeded in overcoming the shocks received in the first quarter of the XVth century but its influence was finally annihilated by the war led in Artois by Louis XI after the death of Charles the Bold. Real " black swan ", this step in the slow construction of the State cost to this family all that it had brought before.