This dissertation is about the in/stability over time of a contract-based inter-organizational relationship (IOR) which existed mostly under conditions of government monopsony (MG). The MG consisted of the institutional arrangements between the NHS and Higher Education sectors in England for the provision of education for the NHS non-medical professional workforce. The IOR was between the NHS education buyer (the ‘GM’) and Middlesex University (MU). An agent-centred historical institutionalism was used as the overall approach in the inquiry. The main components of the approach were resource dependence theory, concepts of historical dependence, and events in the IOR and its institutional and organizational environments. A multi-dimensional concept of IOR in/stability from the standpoints of the GM and MU which was grounded in the practices of the IOR was constructed. The inquiry traced the origins and subsequent development of the MG and the in/stability of the IOR over an 18 year period, 1995 - 2013. The main findings of the inquiry were: (1) The IOR originated in, and continued to exist mostly under conditions of MG (2) The IOR became less stable over time from the standpoint of MU; reductions in IOR stability occurred in dimensions of risk relating to the future performance of the IOR (3) Instability and threatened instability in the IOR were brought about mostly by the exercise of power by the GM and by the power dependence responses of MU. The thesis developed in the dissertation is that instability and threatened instability in the IOR were due mostly to a power imbalance in the IOR, in favour of the GM, between the GM and MU. The source of that power imbalance was a combination of: • The resource dependency of MU on the IOR • The conditions of MG and bilateral monopoly under which the IOR existed. The dissertation is concluded with a critique of MG as a technique for public sector management. Recommendations are made for new NHS-HE inter-sector and IOR arrangements to be established which take account of power imbalances and relations of mutual dependence between stakeholders. Recommendations for further research are also made.

"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increasingly become the preferred imaging modality in modern day research to study disease. MRI presents an imaging technique that is practically non-invasive and without any ionizing radiation. This dissertation presents the use of contrast agents in MRI studies to differentiate compartments, to study dose dependence of relaxation times, and to characterize tumors using signal amplifying enzymes in the brain. Differentiating compartments in the brain can be useful in diffusion studies to detect stroke at an early stage. Diffusion-weighted NMR techniques have established that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of cerebral tissue water decreases during ischemia. However, it is unclear whether the ADC change occurs due to changes in the intracellular (IC) space, extracellular (EC) space, or both. To better understand the mechanism of water ADC changes in response to ischemic injury, making IC and EC compartment specific measurements of water diffusion is essential. The first study was done where manganese (Mn2+) was used as an IC contrast agent. Mn2+ uptake by cells causes shortening of the T1 relaxation time of IC water. The relative difference in T1 relaxation times between the IC and EC compartments can be used to discriminate between the MR signals arising from water in the respective compartments. Mn2+ is also widely used in manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) studies to visualize functional neural tracts and anatomy in the brain in vivo. In animal studies, the goal is to use a dose of Mn2+ that will maximize the contrast while minimizing its toxic effects. The goal of dose study was to investigate the MRI dose response of Mn2+ in rat brain following SC administration of Mn2+. The dose dependence and temporal dynamics of Mn2+ after SC injection can prove useful for longitudinal in vivo studies that require brain enhancement to persist for a long period of time to visualize neuroarchitecture like in neurodegenerative disease studies. Contrast agents, in addition to their use in compartmental differentiation and dose studies, can be used for imaging tumors. The last study in this dissertation focuses on imaging EGF receptors in brain tumors. We tested a novel pretargeting imaging approach that includes the administration of humanized monoclonal antibody (anti-EGFR mAb, EMD72000) linked to enzymes with complementing activities that use a low-molecular weight paramagnetic molecule (diTyr-GdDTPA) as a reducing substrate administered following the mAb conjugates. We analyzed the differential MR tumor signal decay in vivo using orthotopic models of human glioma. The patterns of MR signal change following substrate administration revealed differences in elimination patterns that allowed distinguishing between non-specific and specific modes of MR signal decay. "

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de tratamento de usuários de crack internados na Comunidade Terapêutica Fazenda do Senhor Jesus do Vale dos Sinos – Vida Vale, a partir da inclusão da proposta de escuta psicanalítica. Essa se desdobra nos seguintes objetivos específicos: investigar a relação dos sujeitos com a droga, especialmente no uso de crack; analisar as modificações do lugar da droga, mais especificamente do crack para os sujeitos nas diferentes etapas do tratamento e pesquisar a possibilidade de mudança subjetiva na sistemática do tratamento na Comunidade Terapêutica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa adotando como ferramenta a pesquisa-intervenção com referencial teórico psicanalítico, utilizando-se do processo de escrita como ato de pesquisa clínica. Como resultados, temos a compreensão do processo de tratamento, a partir de três diferentes momentos. Primeiramente, a adesão ao programa de tratamento, onde os sujeitos se perceberam precisando se pensar enquanto sujeit / The present research has as it main objective to analyze the process of the treatment of users of of crack , from the ones who are confined at “ Comunidade Terapêutica Fazenda do Senhor Jesus do Vale dos Sinos – Vida Vale,” beggining with the inclusion of the proposition of a psychoanalytical listening. This one opens to these specific objectives: investigate the relation of the patient with drugs, specially when using crack; analyze the alterations of the place of the drugs, especifically crack for the patients in the different steps of the treatment and research the possibility of subjective changing on the systematic of the treatment at the “Comunidade Terapêutica”. It is related to a qualitative research, adopting as a tool the intervention-research, with a psychoanalytical theoretical referencial, using the writting process as the act of clinical research. As a result we have the comprehension of the process of treatment comming out of 3 different moments. First the adhesion, to the program of

Cardiac muscle contraction is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The cyclical, ATP-hydrolysis dependent interaction of the myosin motor protein with filamentous actin drives muscle contraction. During this process the α-helical neck region of myosin acts as a lever arm, transmitting contractile force between thick and thin filaments by amplifying small conformational changes in the myosin motor domain. The resulting relative displacement of thick and thin filaments causes muscle shortening. The regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin mechanically supports the lever arm by binding to the myosin heavy chain neck region; this is a crucial interaction in maintaining myosin's ability to produce force and motion. We investigated the role of N-terminal modifications of the RLC in modulating actomyosin contractility at the molecular level. Phosphorylation of the RLC is a naturally occurring post-translational modification of the RLC N-terminus that is important for cardiac function and has been shown to enhance contractility at the cellular level. In contrast, genetic mutations of the RLC that lead to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) disrupt cardiac function and trigger remodeling of the cardiac muscle structure. We studied two FHC-linked mutations, N47K and R58Q, located in the N-terminus of the RLC in close proximity to the phosphorylation site. Using in vitro motility assays we examined how RLC modifications affect the mechanochemical properties of cardiac β-myosin. We found that the FHC mutations reduced myosin force and power generation, in contrast to RLC phosphorylation which increased myosin force and power for WT and mutant myosins. Phosphorylation of mutant RLC resulted in a restoration of the mutation-induced decreases in contractility to WT dephosphorylated levels. These results point to RLC phosphorylation as a general mechanism to increase force production of the individual myosin motor and as a potential target to ameliorate the fundamental contractile FHC-induced phenotype.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Rosa Spinelli.pdf: 864726 bytes, checksum: 42c409d121a5c4876dcfe73124228503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this dissertation I observe a patient with LES in psychotherapeutics process. It may be verified if there is a possible emotional dependency condition and if there is a relationship dependency of this phenomenon with the lupus activity disclose. I observed that the need of this dependency is a constant phenomenon in patient with LES. That dependency could be observed through depression conditions lupus activities disclose while the individual looks for him/her self. As the selfish is developed, there is dissolution of the transferential relationship what decreases the need of the individual's dependency towards the people. The introduction of the ´no verbal technique´ (sandplay) in an approach of the theory of Winnicott sustained the result in the psychic somatic aspects and at the same time, it enriched the understanding of the case / Nesta dissertação observo uma paciente com LES em processo psicoterapêutico. Verifico se há um possível estado de dependência emocional e se existe relação deste fenômeno com a atividade lúpica. Notei que a necessidade de dependência é um fenômeno constante no paciente com LES. Essa dependência pôde ser observada através de estados de depressão nas atividades lúpicas enquanto o indivíduo busca seu self. À medida que o self é desenvolvido, existe uma dissolução da relação transferencial, o que diminui a necessidade de dependência do indivíduo para com as pessoas. A introdução da técnica não verbal (sandplay) numa abordagem da teoria de Winnicott favoreceu o trabalho nos aspectos somático psíquico e ao mesmo tempo, enriqueceu a compreensão do caso

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:15:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Esther de Araujo Celeguim Tuon.pdf: 438156 bytes, checksum: 1aaf9e7bdaef46821825d90e1e3f18f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work is to analyze the insertion and performance of Social Workers in the Center of Psychosocial Attention for alcohol and other drugs- CAPSad, a community-based outpatient service, created by the Ministry of Health in 2002 to treat individuals with disorders related to the use of psychotropic substances. The starting point of this analysis was a qualitative research carried out from July to December 2010, with social workers of the CAPSad units in the State of São Paulo. The content of their statements made it possible to analyze the practice of social workers regarding the following aspects: daily routine in the institution; specificities of the Social Work in the CAPSad; relation between the Social Worker and other areas of knowledge, and the critical view this professional has of CAPSad. From the analysis of the empirical categories it was possible to conclude that Social Workers play a fundamental and strategic role in this institution, since they work with people from a broader perspective, thus allowing the suffering of the individual with psychotropic substance-related problems to be understood within a historical, social and cultural context. The study also points to the need of Social Workers to enlarge and improve their competences for the institutional work from the perspective of interdisciplinarity / A proposta deste trabalho consiste em analisar a inserção e atuação do Assistente Social no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para o álcool e outras drogas - CAPSad, serviço ambulatorial de base comunitária, criado pelo Ministério da Saúde, no em 2002, para atender portadores de transtornos decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicotrópicas. O ponto de partida para essa análise foi uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, realizada no período de julho á dezembro de 2010, com assistentes sociais que trabalham em CAPSad do Estado de São Paulo. O conteúdo dos depoimentos dos sujeitos permitiu analisar a prática do assistente social nos seguintes aspectos: cotidiano da prática institucional, especificidade do Serviço Social no CAPSad, a relação do Assistente Social com as outras áreas do conhecimento e o posicionamento crítico desse profissional frente o CAPSad. A partir da análise das categorias empíricas pode-se concluir que o Assistente Social tem um papel necessário e estratégico nessa instituição, pois trabalha com pessoas numa da perspectiva mais ampla, permitindo que o sofrimento do dependente de substâncias psicotrópicas, seja compreendido dentro de um contexto histórico, social e cultural. O estudo também aponta a necessidade do Assistente Social ampliar e aprimorar suas competências para o trabalho institucional na perspectiva da interdisciplinaridade

Esta tese investiga as mudanças ocorridas nas políticas sobre drogas no Brasil e em Portugal na última década do século XX e na primeira do século XXI. O argumento central, tomado em parte dos debates existentes entre as vertentes neoinstitucionais, é que tais mudanças só podem ser interpretadas a partir do conhecimento a respeito das trajetórias históricas das políticas e sua relação com o contexto internacional mais amplo no qual estão inseridas. Desta forma, construiu-se uma narrativa a respeito das mudanças em um processo indutivo baseado em investigação empírica que se articula em torno do conceito de dependência da trajetória. Nesse sentido, a ideia central da tese é que as diferentes naturezas das mudanças nas políticas analisadas podem ser compreendidas a partir da sua contextualização histórica e da importância dos efeitos que as escolhas e decisões tomadas em um dado momento têm no desenvolvimento posterior das políticas. / This thesis investigates the changes ocurred in the drug policies in Brazil and in Portugal in the last decade of the XXth century and in the first decade of the XXIst century. The central argument, taken in part of the existing debates within the neoinstitucionalist approaches, is that such changes can only be interpreted based on the knowledge regarding the historical trajectories of the policies and its relation with the broader international context in which they are imbedded. This way, a narrative was built concerning the changes on drug policies in these both countries, in an inductive process, grounded on empirical research that articulates itself around the concept of path dependence. In this sense, the central idea of the thesis is that the different natures of the changes in the analysed policies can be understood based on its historical contextualization and the importance of the effects that the choices and decisions taken in a certain moment have in the ulterior development of the policies.

O papel da inovação tecnológica no processo de crescimento econômico tem sido enfatizado pela teoria econômica desde Adam Smith, Karl Marx e Joseph Schumpeter, sendo trazido de volta ao debate pelas contribuições das teorias evolucionárias neo-schumpeteriana e institucionalista. De tal maneira que no período recente construiu-se a noção de que para fomentar o crescimento econômico seria necessário que o Estado implementasse políticas públicas a fim de estimular a inovação tecnológica. Estas políticas, por sua vez, podem assumir diferentes formas, onde os modelos mais difundidos são o linear e o sistêmico. Como o primeiro modelo define etapas a serem seguidas, assim como metas claras, elevação dos gastos em P&D, ele se difundiu e influenciou a construção de políticas de inovação ao redor do mundo. Neste sentido, durante os anos de 1995 a 2012, o Estado brasileiro construiu um aparato institucional e pôs em marcha um conjunto de políticas de inovação a fim de reduzir a brecha existente entre a indústria local e dos países desenvolvidos. Sem embargo, a despeito do esforço empreendido a política de inovação nacional não foi capaz de mudar a estrutura produtiva brasileira. Destarte, o objetivo desta tese é analisar, a partir de uma ótica evolucionária, a natureza da política de inovação praticada no Brasil entre os anos de 1995 e 2012, e com isso tentar compreender o porquê de ela não ter sido capaz de impulsionar o desenvolvimento tecnológico do País. Argumenta-se que isso se deu por a política de inovação ter enraizado em seu cerne o modelo linear de inovação, causando, consequentemente uma trajetória dependente difícil de ser alterada. Esse enraizamento se dá não só dentro do Estado, mas também nos hábitos de pensamento do grande empresariado industrial, que entende a instrumentalização da política de inovação por uma lógica linear, enfatizando meramente gastos em P&D. Como esse grupo teve ao longo dos últimos anos influência na construção da política de inovação nacional, a partir da atuação de lideranças empresariais e de entidades representativas interagindo com o Estado, esse hábito de pensamento acabou por se refletir na construção da política de inovação. / The role of technological innovation in the process of economic growth has been emphasized by economic theory since Adam Smith, Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter, and brought back to the debate by the contributions of neo-Schumpeterian and institutionalist evolutionary theories. In such a way that in the recent period was constructed the notion that to foment the economic growth would be necessary that the State implemented public policies in order to stimulate the technological innovation. These policies, in turn, can take different forms, where the most widespread models are linear and systemic. As the first model outlines steps to be followed, as well as clear goals, R & D spending increases, it has spread and influenced the construction of innovation policies around the world. In this sense, during the years 1995 to 2012, the Brazilian State built an institutional apparatus and implemented a set of innovation policies in order to reduce the gap between local industry and developed countries. However, despite the effort made, the national innovation policy was not able to change the Brazilian productive structure. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to analyze, from an evolutionary perspective, the nature of the innovation policy practiced in Brazil between 1995 and 2012, and with that to try to understand why it was not able to drive the development The country. It is argued that this was because innovation policy has rooted at its core the linear model of innovation, causing, consequently, a dependent trajectory difficult to be altered. This rooting occurs not only within the State, but also in the thinking habits of the large industrial entrepreneurs, who understand the instrumentalization of innovation policy by a linear logic, emphasizing merely R&D expenditures. As this group has influenced the construction of national innovation policy in recent years, based on the performance of business leaders and representative entities interacting with the State, this habit of thinking ends up being reflected in the construction of innovation policy.

Stroke är den vanligast förekommande sjukdomen i Sverige med cirka 30 000 insjuknanden per år. Ur ett svenskt och internationellt perspektiv är stroke den största orsaken till en icke medfödd funktionsnedsättning hos vuxna individer. Motorisk funktionsnedsättning efter stroke påverkar patienters förmåga att utföra aktiviteter i dagliga livet (ADL). Det inverkar på patienters upplevelse av livet och livskvalité. En begränsning av kroppskontroll medför även en förändrad relation till kroppen. År 2012 var cirka 20 procent av patienter beroende av stöd i ADL, tre månader efter insjuknandet i stroke. Studiens syfte är att beskriva upplevelser av påverkan på ADL hos strokepatienter med nedsatt motorisk funktion. Studien är en litteraturöversikt och bygger på kvalitetsgranskade kvalitativa primärkällor. Databaserna Cinahl och PubMed har använts för att identifiera vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade tidigast år 2000. Det resulterade i att nio kvalitativa artiklar med västerländskt ursprung inkluderades till studien. Fem teman framträdde ur artiklarna vilka utgör grunden för resultatet: upplevelse av att plötsligt drabbas av stroke, upplevelse av att vara isolerad, upplevelse av att vara beroende, upplevelse av otrygghet och upplevelse av förändrad identitet. Tidigare forskning bekräftar studiens resultat och beskriver insjuknandet i stroke via upplevelser av utsatthet och av att inte vara samma person. Forskningen lyfter även vikten att vara i ett betydelsefullt sammanhang. De negativa upplevelserna som patienter beskriver kan tänkas begränsas genom insatser från samhället och ett värdigt bemötande från sjuksköterskor med patienters livsvärld i fokus. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

A contextual citation analysis was performed on a sample of 68 articles citing either or both oftwo key papers from the research field of stratospheric ozone monitoring.The theoretical approach of each article was assessed as either chemical or dynamical, or wasleft unspecified. Functions of citations to the two key papers were classified into 13 categories,seen to express various kinds of relevance relationships. Topical relatedness between citedand citing articles was studied in terms of number of shared descriptors and the union overlapmeasure. A certain theory~dependence, in the sense of a relatively high degree of correspondence between the theoretical approach of citing and cited articles, was observed in the material. The correlation between topical relatedness and citation relationships appeared to beweak.